Optimal dispatching method of traffic incident rescue resource for freeway network

An optimal resource dispatching method is proposed to solve the multiple-response problem under the conditions of potential incidents on freeway networks.Travel time of the response vehicle is selected instead of route distance as the weight to reflect the impact of traffic conditions on the decisions of rescue resources.According to the characteristics of different types of rescue vehicles the dispatching decision-making time is revised to show the heterogeneity among different rescue vehicle dispatching modes. The genetic algorithm is used to obtain the solutions to the rescue resources dispatching model. A case study shows that the proposed method can accurately reveal the impact of potential incidents on the costs of rescues according to the variations in the types and quantities of rescue resources and the optimal dispatching plan with respect to potential incidents can be obtained.The proposed method is applicable in real world scenarios.

Internal biliary fistula due to cholelithiasis:A single-centre experience

AIM： To discuss about the perioperative problems encountered in patients with internal biliary fistula （IBF） caused by cholelithiasis.METHODS： In our hospital, 4 130 cholecystectomies were carried out for symptomatic cholelithiasis from January 2000 to March 2004 and only 12 patients were diagnosed with IBF. The perioperative data of these 12 IBF patients were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS： The incidence of IBF due to cholelithiasis was nearly 0.3%. The mean age was 57 years. Most of the patients presented with non-specific complaints. Only two patients were considered to have IBF when gallstone ileus was observed during the investigations. Nine patients underwent emergency laparotomy with a pre-operative diagnosis of acute abdomen. In the remaining three patients, elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy was converted to open surgery after identification of IBF. Ten patients had cholecystoduodenal fistula and two patients had cholecystocholedochal fistula. The mean hospital stay was 23 d. Two wound infections, three bile leakages and three mortalities were observed.CONCLUSION： Cholecystectomy has to be performed in early stage in the patients who were diagnosed as cholelithiasis to prevent the complications like IBF which is seen rarely. Suspicion of IBF should be kept in mind, especially in the case of difficult dissection during cholecystectomy and attention should be paid in order to prevent iatrogenic injuries.

Myth and Origins： Men Want to Know

Starting with a personal definition of ＂myth＂, this paper seeks to substantiate the claim that every myth is essentially etiological, in the sense that myths somehow express a cosmogony or an eschatology, whether particular or universal. In order to do that, this study reassesses Classical and Judeo-Christian mythologies to revisit and contrast the narratives of origin--of the cosmos, of the gods and of men--found in ancient polytheism and in Judeo-Christian monotheism. Taking into consideration how these general and particular cosmogonies convey a specific understanding of the passage of time, this article does not merely recount the cosmogonies, theogonies, and anthropogonies found in the Bible and in the works of authors from Classical Antiquity, but it also incorporates a critical commentary on pieces of art and literature that have reinterpreted such mythical tales in more recent times The result of the research is the disclosure of a sort of universal etiology that may be found in mythology which, as argued, explains the origins of the world, of the gods, and of men so as to satisfy humankind＇s ambition to unveil the mysteries of the cosmos. Myth thus functions in these cases as a vehicle that makes it possible for man to return the fullness of a primordial age, abandoning the fleeting time that entraps him and entering a time still absolute

Status quo and prospect of the development for underground coal mine refuge chamber

As one form of the energy resources, coal is becoming more and more important. Due to the particularity in coal mine production, mine accidents some time occur in countries all over the world, which result in large casualties and economic losses. As equipment that can provides the miners with an emergency shelter when the coal mine accidents occur, the under ground coal mine refuge chamber is paid more and more attention by coal mine enterprises, and the application of the refuge chamber is increasingly widespread. The general functions, the classification, and the successful applications of the underground coal mine refuge chamber are illustrated first, and the research significance on the tmderground coal mine refuge chamber is stated. Following, the development status quo at home and abroad for the refuge chamber is introduced. Then, the implementation methods for the key functions of the underground coal mine refuge chamber are demonstrated. Finally, the prospect for the development of the underground coal mine refuge chamber is stated.

Taking the ＂Local＂ out of Local News： Implications for an Informed Public

The meaning of ＂local＂ in TV news is not as straightforward as one might imagine. ＂Local＂ newscasts in several U.S. markets are outsourced to an independent company located hundreds of miles from the communities served. What are the implications of such a delivery system for coverage of local issues and the Jeffersonian ideal of an informed citizenry？ This study employs a content analysis of outsourced and local newscasts, using a data set of more than 1,000 stories from more than 30 hours of newscasts to determine if differences exist on story topics and source types. Does one type of station cover more public affairs stories than the other？ Does one type use more official sources, or more perspective from private individuals？ Even with the wide array of news sources currently available, local TV news still ranks as the most widely used information source. How well that source delivers information to local audiences is an important question to ask, particularly when the information may be coming from a great distance.

Fukushima accident study using MELCOR

The accidents at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station stunned the world as the sequences played out over severals days and videos of hydrogen explosions were televised as they took place. The accidents all resulted in severe damage to the reactor cores and releases of radioactivity to the environment despite heroic measures had taken by the operating personnel. The following paper provides some background into the development of these accidents and their root causes,chief among them,the prolonged station blackout conditions that isolated the reactors from their ultimate heat sink - the ocean. The interpretations given in this paper are summarized from a recently completed report funded by the United States Department of Energy (USDOE).

Collaboration mechanism of intercity emergency rescue ecosystem

With the development of metropolitan regions and the appearance of urban agglomerations, cities have been more closely related. For the restricted emergency rescue resource in a single city, it has become more and more imminent for the demand of the intercity collaborative resistance to major accident, so as to improve the protection capacity of urban security. In order to find an effective intercity, emergency rescue collaborative system, this paper introduces the concept and analysis method of ecosystem theory into intercity emergency, rescue. Based on the analysis of the formation-process of emergency rescue individual, population and community： a throe-level intercity emergency rescue collaborative system is constructed according to the characteristics of dynamics and structure of intercity emergency rescue ecosystem then the collaboration mechanism of information, resource and process in the interceity emergency rescue ecosystem is also studied in this paper; so as to offer available strategy and method for the ecosystem theory applied to intercity, emergency rescue. Through the studies of intereity emergency rescue ecosystem. it illuminates that the proposed emergency system can not Only cope with the major accident more timely and effectively but also integrate the intercity information resources and emergency rescue resource and process optimization.

Stability Enhancement and Blackout Prevention by VSC Based HVDC

This paper deals with the operation and performance of VSC （voltage source converter） based HVDC （high voltage direct current） interconnecting two extremely weak AC networks, the experience of Caprivilink project. It is shown in the paper that the HVDC converter automatically provides the supreme voltage and frequency stabilizing function when a critical situation is detected, no matter the disturbances appeared in sending end or receiving end AC networks. This supreme voltage and frequency stabilizing function makes it possible to avoid the blackout even if all the generators are tripped under an extra-ordinary worst contingency. By plots of recorded transients, the paper will show how the eventual blackouts are avoided.

Safety research in the gasification process of novel multi-thermal-source coal gasifier

In order to collect the gas safely produced in the gasification process of the novel multi-thermal-source coal gasifier,based on its gasification skill and the characteristics of the products,this paper analyzes the possible dangers in the gasification process,devises the gasifier eruption and explosion experiments,explores the conditions of gasifier eruption and gas explosion,studies their effects on the gasification process and establishes safe operation measures.Gasifier eruption hazard occurs easily in the gasification process of one-thermal-source coal gasifier when MSiO2 is far higher than that in the normal adjuvant.The gas permeability in the gasifier is not the same and the power supply is too large.However,similar conditions in the gasification of multi-thermal-source coal gasifier do not produce a gasifier eruption accident so easily.When it erupts,the gasifier should be stopped and then cooled down naturally or inert gas can be sprayed on the gasifier to cool it off,and thus gas explosion can be avoided.There is a possibility of direct gas explosion,but it can be avoided when the gas in the gas collecting space is replaced slowly by supplying a small amount of power or the inert gas fills the space in the previous gasification.The time a fire is lit is strictly controlled,the gas is drawn in by using the aspirator pump,and the gasifier pressure is kept in the state of micro-positive pressure in the middle and later gasification process.The conclusion is that the gasification process of the novel multi-thermalsource coal gasifier is safe according to normal operation rules.

Unconventional Story： A Future with Shale Gas and Other Unconventional Resources, A Look from Russia

The main achievements in the development of hardly-recoverable resources are currently associated with shale oil and gas. The result of the ＂shale revolution＂ was billions of dollars in losses for oil exporters. The question is how this situation w＇ill be long-lasting or ＂shale bubble＂ will burst. The success of the shale revolution can be not only an economic win or economic defeat of the United States, the question is about reputation as a global political leader and the country＇s ability to solve the most difficult technological problems. Everything at stake to extend the ＂shale gas revolution＂ as it is possible longer, in time to prepare the conditions and technologies for a new energy revolution and to maintain the usual high level of energy consumption. The situation is further complicated by the introduction in the game of OPEC （organization of petroleum exporting countries） causing oil prices dropped below the cost of shale oil. The future of high technology in the production of oil depends on whether exporters and importers to negotiate the best price for oil, to ensure the sustainable development of the world economy.

企业自媒体:不是传统媒体的末日

传统媒体既不应该小觑企业自媒体,也完全没必要视之为洪水猛兽。面对新形势,传统媒体要做出改变,更加追求发稿质量,同时善用企业自媒体,使之成为自己采写编中的有力助手。

Radioactive source terms for the Fukushima nuclear accident

A large amount of radioactivity was released into the environment after the Fukushima nuclear accident （FNA） in Japan in 2011. This radioactivity had a significant impact on the global environment, and there was much public concern about its effects. The subsequent assessment of the FNA and the environmental remediation required are proving to be long and complicated tasks. The assessments are based on the radioactive source terms for the FNA, which determine the level of damage caused by the nuclear accident. We investigated the radioactive source terms from three aspects： the amount and composition of the radionuclides; the activity and atomic ratio of the radionuclides; and comparison with other historical events. The total amount of radioactivity, excluding the radioactive noble gases （85Kr and 133Xe）, released by the FNA was about 10% of that released by the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986 and 〈1%o of the global fallout from the atmosphere nuclear explosion. However, the FNA was the most serious nuclear accident in terms of radioactive pollution of the marine environment. The recovery actions carried out after the FNA have been evaluated and the environmental impacts of the FNA are discussed.