经典的Qian and Roland(QR,1998)财政分权模型中,分权因素外生决定经济增长。本文认为"效率优先、兼顾公平"战略性原则决定了中国财政分权必然内生于这一过程。它使得分权激励经历着由锦标赛与薪酬福利共同激励逐渐演变为薪...经典的Qian and Roland(QR,1998)财政分权模型中,分权因素外生决定经济增长。本文认为"效率优先、兼顾公平"战略性原则决定了中国财政分权必然内生于这一过程。它使得分权激励经历着由锦标赛与薪酬福利共同激励逐渐演变为薪酬福利激励为主的过程。为此,我们在一个更具一般性的拓展的QR模型框架中完成了对中国分权改革的再考察。并给出经验证据支持了理论模型的推论。本文证实了:经济增长率较低地区,"效率优先、兼顾公平"会使分权与锦标赛激励效应的正相关性较经济增长率较高地区更强。此外,且无论是经济增长率较低还是经济增长率较高地区,"效率优先、兼顾公平"均会使分权与薪酬福利激励效应间存在强度相似的显著正相关性。展开更多
By analyzing the average percent of faults detected （APFD） metric and its variant versions, which are widely utilized as metrics to evaluate the fault detection efficiency of the test suite, this paper points out so...By analyzing the average percent of faults detected （APFD） metric and its variant versions, which are widely utilized as metrics to evaluate the fault detection efficiency of the test suite, this paper points out some limitations of the APFD series metrics. These limitations include APFD series metrics having inaccurate physical explanations and being unable to precisely describe the process of fault detection. To avoid the limitations of existing metrics, this paper proposes two improved metrics for evaluating fault detection efficiency of a test suite, including relative-APFD and relative-APFDc. The proposed metrics refer to both the speed of fault detection and the constraint of the testing source. The case study shows that the two proposed metrics can provide much more precise descriptions of the fault detection process and the fault detection efficiency of the test suite.展开更多
This paper considers an efficient priority service model with two-level-polling scheme which the message packets conform to the discrete-time Geom/G/1 queue with multiple vacations and bulk arrival. By the embedded Ma...This paper considers an efficient priority service model with two-level-polling scheme which the message packets conform to the discrete-time Geom/G/1 queue with multiple vacations and bulk arrival. By the embedded Markov chain theory and the probability generating function method, we set up the mathematics functions and give closed form expressions for obtaining the mean cyclic period （MCP）, the mean queue length （MQL） and the mean waiting time （MWT） characteristics, the analytical results are also verified through extensive computer simulations. The performance analysis reveals that this priority polling scheme can gives better efficiency as well as impartiality in terms of system characteristics, and it can be used for differentiating priority service to guarantee better QoS and system stability in design and improvement of MAC protocol.展开更多
According to growth pole theory, this paper puts forward that when allocating regional science and technology (S&T) innovation resources based on S&T program, should abide the principle that important area rec...According to growth pole theory, this paper puts forward that when allocating regional science and technology (S&T) innovation resources based on S&T program, should abide the principle that important area receives priority support; Meanwhile, it designs method to ascertain district S&T advantage and S&T innovation resources utilizing efficiency as well as S&T developing speed by using component analysis and DEA method, and then constructs three-dimension selecting model,by which a positive research on Heilongjiang is made, the purpose of which is to offer scientific method support and decision-making foundation for making regional S&T program.展开更多
文摘经典的Qian and Roland(QR,1998)财政分权模型中,分权因素外生决定经济增长。本文认为"效率优先、兼顾公平"战略性原则决定了中国财政分权必然内生于这一过程。它使得分权激励经历着由锦标赛与薪酬福利共同激励逐渐演变为薪酬福利激励为主的过程。为此,我们在一个更具一般性的拓展的QR模型框架中完成了对中国分权改革的再考察。并给出经验证据支持了理论模型的推论。本文证实了:经济增长率较低地区,"效率优先、兼顾公平"会使分权与锦标赛激励效应的正相关性较经济增长率较高地区更强。此外,且无论是经济增长率较低还是经济增长率较高地区,"效率优先、兼顾公平"均会使分权与薪酬福利激励效应间存在强度相似的显著正相关性。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61300054)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2011190,BK20130879)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(No.13KJB520018)the Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts&Telecommunications(No.NY212023)
文摘By analyzing the average percent of faults detected （APFD） metric and its variant versions, which are widely utilized as metrics to evaluate the fault detection efficiency of the test suite, this paper points out some limitations of the APFD series metrics. These limitations include APFD series metrics having inaccurate physical explanations and being unable to precisely describe the process of fault detection. To avoid the limitations of existing metrics, this paper proposes two improved metrics for evaluating fault detection efficiency of a test suite, including relative-APFD and relative-APFDc. The proposed metrics refer to both the speed of fault detection and the constraint of the testing source. The case study shows that the two proposed metrics can provide much more precise descriptions of the fault detection process and the fault detection efficiency of the test suite.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 69862001, F0424104, 60362001 and 61072079）.
文摘This paper considers an efficient priority service model with two-level-polling scheme which the message packets conform to the discrete-time Geom/G/1 queue with multiple vacations and bulk arrival. By the embedded Markov chain theory and the probability generating function method, we set up the mathematics functions and give closed form expressions for obtaining the mean cyclic period （MCP）, the mean queue length （MQL） and the mean waiting time （MWT） characteristics, the analytical results are also verified through extensive computer simulations. The performance analysis reveals that this priority polling scheme can gives better efficiency as well as impartiality in terms of system characteristics, and it can be used for differentiating priority service to guarantee better QoS and system stability in design and improvement of MAC protocol.
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 70473020)the Science and Technology Research Project of Heilongjiang Province (Grant No GC06J404)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang (Grant No G200608)80
文摘According to growth pole theory, this paper puts forward that when allocating regional science and technology (S&T) innovation resources based on S&T program, should abide the principle that important area receives priority support; Meanwhile, it designs method to ascertain district S&T advantage and S&T innovation resources utilizing efficiency as well as S&T developing speed by using component analysis and DEA method, and then constructs three-dimension selecting model,by which a positive research on Heilongjiang is made, the purpose of which is to offer scientific method support and decision-making foundation for making regional S&T program.
