The concept of the imperfection sensitive region is given. The advanced stochastic imperfection method is used to research the imperfection sensitive region of single-layer latticed domes. Taking a K6 single-layer lat...The concept of the imperfection sensitive region is given. The advanced stochastic imperfection method is used to research the imperfection sensitive region of single-layer latticed domes. Taking a K6 single-layer latticed dome with a diameter of 50 m as an example, its imperfection sensitive region is made up of the first 12 kinds of joints. The influence of the imperfections of support joints on the stability of the K6 single-layer latticed dome is negligible. Influences of the joint imperfections of the main rib and the secondary rib on the structural stability are similar. The initial deviations of these joints all greatly lower the critical load of the dome. Results show that the method can analyze the structural imperfection sensitive region quantitatively and accurately.展开更多
AMS14C dating and grain-size analysis for Core FJ04, located at mud area in the North of East China Sea provide us a high-resolution grain-size distribution curve varying with depth and time. This paper got environmen...AMS14C dating and grain-size analysis for Core FJ04, located at mud area in the North of East China Sea provide us a high-resolution grain-size distribution curve varying with depth and time. This paper got environmental sensitive grain-size group by using standard deviation method, and proved that the selected sensitive grain-size group is an important proxy which can be used to reconstruct intensity of East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM). Then we got reconstruction of EAWM evolvement since 3 ka B.P., which revealed two main phases: (1) 3 - 1.15ka B.P., relative weak EAWM with middle frequency fluctuation; (2) 1.15 - 0ka B.P., really strong EAWM with high frequency fluctuation. And 1.15 ka B.P. is a distinct turning point. During the whole period, 11 intense events of EAWM were recorded and correlated well with other climate records, but the response extent was different, which showed consistency of climate change and particularity of region response.展开更多
Using the meteorological data and geographical information during January-March(1961-2010) accumulated by 18 stations of Hainan,a suitability zoning map for thermo-sensitive genetic male sterility(TGMS) rice was m...Using the meteorological data and geographical information during January-March(1961-2010) accumulated by 18 stations of Hainan,a suitability zoning map for thermo-sensitive genetic male sterility(TGMS) rice was made by GIS technology based on temperature indicators required by TGMS rice during fertility sensitive period and heading-flowering period,aiming to provide reasonable layout and scientific basis for sustainable development of TGMS rice in Hainan Island under the background of global warming.The results indicated that the suitable planting zones covered the south regions of Wuzhishan,Jianfengling and Diaoluoshan;subordinate suitable zones expanded northward to central parts of Wuzhishan,Dongfang,Changjiang,Qiongzhong and southern parts of Wanning;the other regions were unsuitable for breeding.展开更多
AIM: To explore mutations around the interferon sensitivity-determining region (ISDR) which are associated with the resistance of hepatitis C virus lb (HCV-lb) to interferon-α treatment. METHODS: Thirty-seven H...AIM: To explore mutations around the interferon sensitivity-determining region (ISDR) which are associated with the resistance of hepatitis C virus lb (HCV-lb) to interferon-α treatment. METHODS: Thirty-seven HCV-lb samples were obtained from Hong Kong patients who had completed the combined interferon-α/ribavirin treatment for more than one year with available response data. Nineteen of them were sustained virological responders, while 18 were non-responders. The amino acid sequences of the extended ISDR (eISDR) covering 64 amino acids upstream and 67 amino acids downstream from the previously reported ISDR were analyzed. RESULTS: One amino acid variation (I2268V, P = 0.023) was significantly correlated with treatment outcome in this pilot study with a limited number of patients, while two amino acid variations (R2260H, P = 0.05 and $2278T, P = 0.05) were weakly associated with treat- ment outcome. The extent of amino acid variations within the ISDR or eISDR was not correlated with treat- ment outcome as previously reported. CONCLUSION: Three amino acid mutations near but outside of ISDR may associate with interferon treatment resistance of HCV-lb patients in Hong Kong.展开更多
The sensitive regions of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations (CNOPs) and the first singular vector (FSV) for a northwest Pacific typhoon case are reported in this paper. A large number of probes have been desi...The sensitive regions of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations (CNOPs) and the first singular vector (FSV) for a northwest Pacific typhoon case are reported in this paper. A large number of probes have been designed in the above regions and the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) techniques are utilized to examine which approach can locate more appropriate regions for typhoon adaptive observations. The results show that, in general, the majority of the probes in the sensitive regions of CNOPs can reduce more forecast error variance than the probes in the sensitive regions of FSV. This implies that adaptive observations in the sensitive regions of CNOPs are more effective than in the sensitive regions of FSV. Furthermore, the reduction of the forecast error variance obtained by the best probe identified by CNOPs is twice the reduction of the forecast error variance obtained by FSV. This implies that dropping sondes, which is the best probe identified by CNOPs, can improve the forecast more than the best probe identified by FSV. These results indicate that the sensitive regions identified by CNOPs are more appropriate for adaptive observations than those identified by FSV.展开更多
Reference crop evapotranspiration(ET 0) is a key parameter to calculate crop water requirements.In the paper,ET 0 during 1960-2005 was calculated with FAO-56 PM in eastern agricultural areas of Qinghai,China.Then the ...Reference crop evapotranspiration(ET 0) is a key parameter to calculate crop water requirements.In the paper,ET 0 during 1960-2005 was calculated with FAO-56 PM in eastern agricultural areas of Qinghai,China.Then the sensitivity coefficients of ET 0 to meteorological variables were estimated through the nondimensional partial derivative in FAO-56 PM.Results show that the mean annual ET 0 of the whole area is 904 mm,and ET 0 portrays a very significant decrease during the 46 years.In spatial,ET 0 decreases from southeast to northwest,firstly increases then decreases from southwest to northeast.Through sensitivity analysis,in spring the most sensitive variable is relative humidity,while in summer is temperature.The temperature,sunshine duration and wind speed sensitivity coefficients(S(TA),S(n),S(u)) are higher in middle areas as opposed to surrounding areas,while the relative humidity sensitivity coefficient(S(RH)) has an opposite distribution rule.展开更多
Considering the low average rainfall in the country and the importance of groundwater as a water supply source for drinking and agricultural water sections, water quality condition of groundwater must be controlled an...Considering the low average rainfall in the country and the importance of groundwater as a water supply source for drinking and agricultural water sections, water quality condition of groundwater must be controlled and prevented from any contamination. Identifying the vulnerable areas to pollution is one way of prevention. Many models have been offered for this purpose. In this study, a numerical rating scheme, called DRASTIC has been used for evaluating potential for groundwater pollution in pelly-mianrudan plain that is located in northern Lalli city in Khuzestan province. Resulted map obtained in GIS environment shows that the study area has DRASTIC index of 71-150 that is divided to five vulnerable zones namely no significance, very low, low, low to moderate, moderate to high. Maximum groundwater vulnerability correspondent low to medium zone that approximately covers 45 percentage of the study area and other parts on the northwest and center of the study area has high vulnerability. The sensitivity analysis showed that correlation DRASTIC index with net Recharge (0.68) and Impact of vadose zone media (0.63) parameters is more than other parameters in the study pelly-mianrudan area. The statistical analysis confirms that parameter soil media and topography are the most sensitive to contamination, followed in importance by parameters aquifer medium, vadose zone, recharge, hydraulic conductivity and depth to water.展开更多
The silicon PN junction photodiode with very small sensitive area has been investigated.The device gets superhigh light current density J LS counted by the sensitive area in the planar PN junction.The superhi...The silicon PN junction photodiode with very small sensitive area has been investigated.The device gets superhigh light current density J LS counted by the sensitive area in the planar PN junction.The superhigh light current density is due to the light current transferred by the photogenerated minority carriers in the area around edges of the dopant diffused region.Then,we can determine the diffusion length of the photogenerated minority carriers in the substance by measuring the light current of the PN junction photodiode with very small sensitive area.展开更多
In the meizoseismal areas hit by the China Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008, the disasterprone environment has changed dramatically, making the susceptibility assessment of debris flow more complex and uncertain. A...In the meizoseismal areas hit by the China Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008, the disasterprone environment has changed dramatically, making the susceptibility assessment of debris flow more complex and uncertain. After the earthquake, debris flow hazards occurred frequently and effective susceptibility assessment of debris flow has become extremely important. Shenxi gully in Du Jiangyan city, located in the meizoseismal areas, was selected as the study area. Based on the research of disaster-prone environment and the main factors controlling debris flow, the susceptibility zonations of debris flow were mapped using factor weight method(FW), certainty coefficient method(CF) and geomorphic information entropy method(GI). Through comparative analysis, the study showed that these three methods underestimated susceptible degree of debris flow when used in the meizoseismal areas of Wenchuan earthquake. In order to solve this problem, this paper developed a modified certainty coefficient method(M-CF) to reflect the impact of rich loose materials on the susceptible degree of debris flow. In the modified method, the distribution and area of loose materials were obtained by field investigations and postearthquake remote sensing image, and four data sets, namely, lithology, elevation, slop and aspect, wereused to calculate the CF values. The result of M-CF method is in agreement with field investigations and the accuracy of the method is satisfied. The method has a wide application to the susceptibility assessment of debris flow in the earthquake stricken areas.展开更多
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) is an important management tool for protection of marine biodiversity of a marine area. At the time of designation of PSSA, an associated protective measure, which meets the r...Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) is an important management tool for protection of marine biodiversity of a marine area. At the time of designation of PSSA, an associated protective measure, which meets the requirements of the appropriate legal instrument establishing such measure, must have been approved or adopted by IMO to prevent, reduce, or eliminate the threat or identified vulnerability. Information on each of the PSSA that has been designated by IMO is available on the nautical chart. The Vietnam's coastal zones and island is an isolated oceanic habitat of extremely rich marine life in very good condition which is important to the maintenance and dispersal of the marine life of the Western Tropical Pacific. Vietnam coastal areas are very high risk areas affected by maritime activities, particularly international shipping, therefore in the future identification of some PSSA is necessary.展开更多
The upper Yangtze River region is one of the most frequent debris flow areas in China. The study area contains a cascade of six large hydropower stations located along the river with total capacity of more than 70 mil...The upper Yangtze River region is one of the most frequent debris flow areas in China. The study area contains a cascade of six large hydropower stations located along the river with total capacity of more than 70 million kilowatts. The purpose of the study was to determine potential and dynamic differences in debris flow susceptibility and intensity with regard to seasonal monsoon events. We analyzed this region's debris flow history by examining the effective peak acceleration of antecedent earthquakes,the impacts of antecedent droughts, the combined effects of earthquakes and droughts, with regard to topography, precipitation, and loose solid material conditions. Based on these factors, we developed a debris flow susceptibility map. Results indicate that the entire debris flow susceptibility area is 167,500 km^2, of which 26,800 km^2 falls within the high susceptibility area, with 60,900 km^2 in medium and 79,800 km^2 are in low susceptibility areas. Three of the six large hydropower stations are located within the areas with high risk of debris flows. The synthetic zonation map of debris flow susceptibility for the study area corresponds with both the investigation data and actual distribution of debris flows. The results of debris flow susceptibility provide base-line data for mitigating, assessing, controlling and monitoring of debris flows hazards.展开更多
The criteria of sustainable design have been already received for reducing heating energy consumption (i.e. Passivhaus standard and first fulfillment of the EPDB Directive). Nowadays, many research are being involve...The criteria of sustainable design have been already received for reducing heating energy consumption (i.e. Passivhaus standard and first fulfillment of the EPDB Directive). Nowadays, many research are being involved to extend the passive standard to buildings in mild climate areas. Compared to building efficiency in the middle European area, the requirements for sustainable development of construction in the Mediterranean area imply an higher and more articulated passive control of outside/inside energy flows in order to extend energy efficiency measures to the whole year. This is based on an intense interaction between external climatic conditions and the building whole performance, with a dynamic behavior according to climate seasonal changes and inside comfort. Consequently, the integrated design of building fabrics, conceived not as separated components but as complex organism and system of interaction, increases its potential and strategic aim for reducing building consumptions of whole year in the mild climate. This paper demonstrates, both in new constructions and in the renovation of existing buildings, that the whole performance approach is the most suitable for sustainable design in a typical Mediterranean climate in order to increase the efficiency with controlled investments. The aim of this research is to show, through some case studies in Sardinia, that this sensitive and performance approach could optimize the ratio between economic costs and energy and environmental benefits. Only through an integrated and intelligent design of the architectural organism it is possible to achieve the new targets for sustainable building development, even for mild climate areas, required by European Directive 2002/91/EC.展开更多
Studies on susceptibility to debris flows at regional scale (ioo-looo km2) are important for the protection and management of mountain areas. To reach this objective, routing models, mainly based on land topography,...Studies on susceptibility to debris flows at regional scale (ioo-looo km2) are important for the protection and management of mountain areas. To reach this objective, routing models, mainly based on land topography, can be used to predict susceptible areas rapidly while necessitating few input data. In this research, Flow-R model is implemented to create the susceptibility map for the debris flow of the Vizze Valley (BZ, North-Eastern Italy; 134 km^2). The analysis considers the model application at local scale for three sub-catchments and then it explores the model upsealing at the regional scale by verifying two methods to generate the source areas of debris-flow initiation. Using data of an extreme event occurred in the Vizze Valley (4 August 2012) and historical information, the modeling verification highlights that the propagation parameters are relatively simple to set in order to obtain correct runout distances. A double DTM filtering - using a threshold for the upslope contributing area (0.1 km^2) and a threshold for the terrain-slope angle (15°) provides a satisfactory prediction of source areas and susceptibility map within the geological conditions of the Vizze Valley.展开更多
Objective Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a multifactorial disease. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between angiotensinogen gene polymorphisms and CHD in the Chinese population. Methods...Objective Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a multifactorial disease. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between angiotensinogen gene polymorphisms and CHD in the Chinese population. Methods We searched literature in pubmed (1990- 2010.8) and CNKI (1990-2010.8) for all the relevant studies on 2 angiotensinogen polymorphisms (M235T and T174M) and risk of CHD. The meta-analysis software Stata 10.0 was used for ascertaining heterogeneity among individual studies and for combining all the studies. Furthermore,Egger's test and sensitivity analysis were performed to insure authenticity of the outcome.Results Ten associations studies on 2 angiotensinogen polymorphisms (M235T and T174M) were included in this meta-analysis. In a combined analysis, the summary per-allele odds ratio for CHD of the M235T polymorphism was 1.374 (95% confidence interval, 1.019 to 1.852) and T174M polymorphism was 4.089 (95% confidence interval, 1.697 to 9.851). Conclusions The M235T polymorphism had weak but statistically significant association with CHD while the T174M polymorphism was more strongly associated with a CHD risk in Chinese population, but further confirmation studies are needed展开更多
In the field of the water resources, hydrologic models have been used to assess water quality performance of complex watersheds and river basins. Hydrologic models can provide essential information for making decision...In the field of the water resources, hydrologic models have been used to assess water quality performance of complex watersheds and river basins. Hydrologic models can provide essential information for making decisions on sustainable management system of water resources within watersheds. The main objective of this study was to validate the performance of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the feasibility of using this model as a simulator of runoff at a catchment scale in semi-arid area in Northwestern Tunisia. Calibration and validation of the model output were performed by comparing predicted runoff with corresponding measurements from the Sarrath outlet for the periods 1990-1995 for calibration and 2000-2005 for validation. The time series for the years 1996-1999 showed discrepancies between the measured rainfall and the observed runoff indicating errors due to either the observations or to a dysfunction in the equipments. Sensitivity analysis shows that sensitive parameters for the simulation of discharge include curve number, soil evaporation compensation factor, depth of water in shallow aquifer and slope of subbasin. Statistical comparisons between monthly simulated results and observed data for the calibration period gave a reasonable agreement with a coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.75 and Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient (NSE) equal to 0.72. These values were respectively 0.70 and 0.64 for validation period. Overall, the SWAT model has the capability to predict runoff within a complex semi-arid catchment.展开更多
To obtain high efficiency of cleavage of thrombin in fusion protein containing a ANP fusetl to Re f pep-tides,the linker sequence deslgned as VIAGR which was dlfferent from GVRGPR formerly used was stud-ied. Plasmld p...To obtain high efficiency of cleavage of thrombin in fusion protein containing a ANP fusetl to Re f pep-tides,the linker sequence deslgned as VIAGR which was dlfferent from GVRGPR formerly used was stud-ied. Plasmld pHL carrying the fuslon gene Ref-NT-ANP downstream from PL Proruc)ter was derived fromexpression vector pLY1 by inserting the fragment of NT-ANP lnto lt. The exPresslon of fuslon gene waslnduced at 420,and the interested proteln Ref-NT-ANP accumlllated as inclusion bodies was lsolated bygradient centrifuge and then dissolved in 7 mol/L guanidinehydrochloride(Gdn-HCl). After dilution,renat-uration and dialyzation, the cleavage of thrombin was examined using samples with 1. 1 mol/1, (;dn-HC1and samples free of Gdn-HCl resI)ective1y. I)igestion result showed that the novel-ad()Pted cleavage sequencewas highly sensitive to thrombin when the substrate dissOlved in 1. 1 mol/I, tidn HCl. The time needed for87%cleavage (the ratio of substrate to thrombin was 5O pg/u)was less than 24 hOurs. This sequence described here which was sPecifically recognized by thrombin might be broadly applied in other fusion sys-tems.展开更多
The territory of the Republic of Macedonia is divided to geographical regions, in which different types of monuments and houses from Ottoman character can be found. The monuments and regions presented through this pap...The territory of the Republic of Macedonia is divided to geographical regions, in which different types of monuments and houses from Ottoman character can be found. The monuments and regions presented through this paper do not cover all the regions of Macedonia but only the territories of Skopje, the capital of Macedonia and Ohrid. This paper involves a research of Ottoman housing and settlements in Macedonia according to the architectural characteristics and settlement textures using old-new photographs, related literature, internet sources and site investigation. The rich vernacular traditions we inherited from Ottoman ancestors would be a source for inspiring the architects in establishing the guiding principles for new buildings in Macedonia. Finally, this study concludes with some ways forward on how to attain cultural continuity for achieving sustainable development in the long run.展开更多
Eco-sensitivity evaluation is the basis for land development and has practical significance to the establishment of environmentally-friendly economic and social development models. Compared to simple geomorphic region...Eco-sensitivity evaluation is the basis for land development and has practical significance to the establishment of environmentally-friendly economic and social development models. Compared to simple geomorphic regions, complex geomorphic regions are limited by a higher number of eco-sensitivity factors under a land exploitation context. Further still, these factors have complicated spatial characteristics and affect each other. Based on published data, we focused on the city of Qinzhou in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China and developed an eco-sensitivity assessment system spanning land ecology, water ecology and plant ecology. A systematic comprehensive assessment of all watersheds was done using qualitative classification, spatial quantitative modeling, remote sensing and GIS technology. We were able to group Qinzhou’s 273 watersheds into three types: high sensitivity areas, medium sensitivity areas and low sensitivity areas. We propose a limit on land exploitation activities in high sensitivity areas and an ecological security network. The methods utilized here can help determine eco-sensitivity characteristics in complex geomorphic regions and with this knowledge governments wil be able to develop robust scientiifc policy to protect regional ecological security.展开更多
Using the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(CNOP) approach, sensitive areas of adaptive observation for predicting the seasonal reduction of the upstream Kuroshio transport(UKT) were investigated in the Regio...Using the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(CNOP) approach, sensitive areas of adaptive observation for predicting the seasonal reduction of the upstream Kuroshio transport(UKT) were investigated in the Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS). The vertically integrated energy scheme was utilized to identify sensitive areas based on two factors: the specific energy scheme and sensitive area size. Totally 27 sensitive areas, characterized by three energy schemes and nine sensitive area sizes, were evaluated. The results show that the total energy(TE) scheme was the most effective because it includes both the kinetic and potential components of CNOP. Generally, larger sensitive areas led to better predictions. The size of 0.5% of the model domain was chosen after balancing the effectiveness and efficiency of adaptive observation. The optimal sensitive area OSen was determined accordingly. Sensitivity experiments on OSen were then conducted, and the following results were obtained:(1) In OSen, initial errors with CNOP or CNOP-like patterns were more likely to yield worse predictions, and the CNOP pattern was the most unstable.(2) Initial errors in OSen rather than in other regions tended to cause larger prediction errors. Therefore, adaptive observation in OSen can be more beneficial for predicting the seasonal reduction of UKT.展开更多
文摘The concept of the imperfection sensitive region is given. The advanced stochastic imperfection method is used to research the imperfection sensitive region of single-layer latticed domes. Taking a K6 single-layer latticed dome with a diameter of 50 m as an example, its imperfection sensitive region is made up of the first 12 kinds of joints. The influence of the imperfections of support joints on the stability of the K6 single-layer latticed dome is negligible. Influences of the joint imperfections of the main rib and the secondary rib on the structural stability are similar. The initial deviations of these joints all greatly lower the critical load of the dome. Results show that the method can analyze the structural imperfection sensitive region quantitatively and accurately.
文摘AMS14C dating and grain-size analysis for Core FJ04, located at mud area in the North of East China Sea provide us a high-resolution grain-size distribution curve varying with depth and time. This paper got environmental sensitive grain-size group by using standard deviation method, and proved that the selected sensitive grain-size group is an important proxy which can be used to reconstruct intensity of East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM). Then we got reconstruction of EAWM evolvement since 3 ka B.P., which revealed two main phases: (1) 3 - 1.15ka B.P., relative weak EAWM with middle frequency fluctuation; (2) 1.15 - 0ka B.P., really strong EAWM with high frequency fluctuation. And 1.15 ka B.P. is a distinct turning point. During the whole period, 11 intense events of EAWM were recorded and correlated well with other climate records, but the response extent was different, which showed consistency of climate change and particularity of region response.
基金Supported by the Project of Meteorological Service Website Construction for HainanBreeding(Qiong Nong Ji Cai No.[2013]18 of Hainan Provincial Department of Agriculture)~~
文摘Using the meteorological data and geographical information during January-March(1961-2010) accumulated by 18 stations of Hainan,a suitability zoning map for thermo-sensitive genetic male sterility(TGMS) rice was made by GIS technology based on temperature indicators required by TGMS rice during fertility sensitive period and heading-flowering period,aiming to provide reasonable layout and scientific basis for sustainable development of TGMS rice in Hainan Island under the background of global warming.The results indicated that the suitable planting zones covered the south regions of Wuzhishan,Jianfengling and Diaoluoshan;subordinate suitable zones expanded northward to central parts of Wuzhishan,Dongfang,Changjiang,Qiongzhong and southern parts of Wanning;the other regions were unsuitable for breeding.
基金Supported by The National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China, No. 2009ZX10004-104
文摘AIM: To explore mutations around the interferon sensitivity-determining region (ISDR) which are associated with the resistance of hepatitis C virus lb (HCV-lb) to interferon-α treatment. METHODS: Thirty-seven HCV-lb samples were obtained from Hong Kong patients who had completed the combined interferon-α/ribavirin treatment for more than one year with available response data. Nineteen of them were sustained virological responders, while 18 were non-responders. The amino acid sequences of the extended ISDR (eISDR) covering 64 amino acids upstream and 67 amino acids downstream from the previously reported ISDR were analyzed. RESULTS: One amino acid variation (I2268V, P = 0.023) was significantly correlated with treatment outcome in this pilot study with a limited number of patients, while two amino acid variations (R2260H, P = 0.05 and $2278T, P = 0.05) were weakly associated with treat- ment outcome. The extent of amino acid variations within the ISDR or eISDR was not correlated with treat- ment outcome as previously reported. CONCLUSION: Three amino acid mutations near but outside of ISDR may associate with interferon treatment resistance of HCV-lb patients in Hong Kong.
基金jointly sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40830955 and 40821092)the China Meteorological Administration (Grant No. GYHY200906009)
文摘The sensitive regions of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations (CNOPs) and the first singular vector (FSV) for a northwest Pacific typhoon case are reported in this paper. A large number of probes have been designed in the above regions and the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) techniques are utilized to examine which approach can locate more appropriate regions for typhoon adaptive observations. The results show that, in general, the majority of the probes in the sensitive regions of CNOPs can reduce more forecast error variance than the probes in the sensitive regions of FSV. This implies that adaptive observations in the sensitive regions of CNOPs are more effective than in the sensitive regions of FSV. Furthermore, the reduction of the forecast error variance obtained by the best probe identified by CNOPs is twice the reduction of the forecast error variance obtained by FSV. This implies that dropping sondes, which is the best probe identified by CNOPs, can improve the forecast more than the best probe identified by FSV. These results indicate that the sensitive regions identified by CNOPs are more appropriate for adaptive observations than those identified by FSV.
基金supported by the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (51009101)Public Welfare Projects of Ministry of Water Resources in China (201101038)Key Laboratories Open Fund in Sichuan Province-Water-saving Agricultural Research in Southern Hillside Region of China (CJS201201)
文摘Reference crop evapotranspiration(ET 0) is a key parameter to calculate crop water requirements.In the paper,ET 0 during 1960-2005 was calculated with FAO-56 PM in eastern agricultural areas of Qinghai,China.Then the sensitivity coefficients of ET 0 to meteorological variables were estimated through the nondimensional partial derivative in FAO-56 PM.Results show that the mean annual ET 0 of the whole area is 904 mm,and ET 0 portrays a very significant decrease during the 46 years.In spatial,ET 0 decreases from southeast to northwest,firstly increases then decreases from southwest to northeast.Through sensitivity analysis,in spring the most sensitive variable is relative humidity,while in summer is temperature.The temperature,sunshine duration and wind speed sensitivity coefficients(S(TA),S(n),S(u)) are higher in middle areas as opposed to surrounding areas,while the relative humidity sensitivity coefficient(S(RH)) has an opposite distribution rule.
文摘Considering the low average rainfall in the country and the importance of groundwater as a water supply source for drinking and agricultural water sections, water quality condition of groundwater must be controlled and prevented from any contamination. Identifying the vulnerable areas to pollution is one way of prevention. Many models have been offered for this purpose. In this study, a numerical rating scheme, called DRASTIC has been used for evaluating potential for groundwater pollution in pelly-mianrudan plain that is located in northern Lalli city in Khuzestan province. Resulted map obtained in GIS environment shows that the study area has DRASTIC index of 71-150 that is divided to five vulnerable zones namely no significance, very low, low, low to moderate, moderate to high. Maximum groundwater vulnerability correspondent low to medium zone that approximately covers 45 percentage of the study area and other parts on the northwest and center of the study area has high vulnerability. The sensitivity analysis showed that correlation DRASTIC index with net Recharge (0.68) and Impact of vadose zone media (0.63) parameters is more than other parameters in the study pelly-mianrudan area. The statistical analysis confirms that parameter soil media and topography are the most sensitive to contamination, followed in importance by parameters aquifer medium, vadose zone, recharge, hydraulic conductivity and depth to water.
文摘The silicon PN junction photodiode with very small sensitive area has been investigated.The device gets superhigh light current density J LS counted by the sensitive area in the planar PN junction.The superhigh light current density is due to the light current transferred by the photogenerated minority carriers in the area around edges of the dopant diffused region.Then,we can determine the diffusion length of the photogenerated minority carriers in the substance by measuring the light current of the PN junction photodiode with very small sensitive area.
基金Financial support was provided by Ministry of Water Resources welfare industry funding(Grant No.201301058)Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes independent project funding:Dynamic process and buried risk of debris flow in Shenxi gully after Wenchuan earthquakethe international cooperation project of Ministry of Science and Technology(Grant No.2013DFA21720)
文摘In the meizoseismal areas hit by the China Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008, the disasterprone environment has changed dramatically, making the susceptibility assessment of debris flow more complex and uncertain. After the earthquake, debris flow hazards occurred frequently and effective susceptibility assessment of debris flow has become extremely important. Shenxi gully in Du Jiangyan city, located in the meizoseismal areas, was selected as the study area. Based on the research of disaster-prone environment and the main factors controlling debris flow, the susceptibility zonations of debris flow were mapped using factor weight method(FW), certainty coefficient method(CF) and geomorphic information entropy method(GI). Through comparative analysis, the study showed that these three methods underestimated susceptible degree of debris flow when used in the meizoseismal areas of Wenchuan earthquake. In order to solve this problem, this paper developed a modified certainty coefficient method(M-CF) to reflect the impact of rich loose materials on the susceptible degree of debris flow. In the modified method, the distribution and area of loose materials were obtained by field investigations and postearthquake remote sensing image, and four data sets, namely, lithology, elevation, slop and aspect, wereused to calculate the CF values. The result of M-CF method is in agreement with field investigations and the accuracy of the method is satisfied. The method has a wide application to the susceptibility assessment of debris flow in the earthquake stricken areas.
文摘Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) is an important management tool for protection of marine biodiversity of a marine area. At the time of designation of PSSA, an associated protective measure, which meets the requirements of the appropriate legal instrument establishing such measure, must have been approved or adopted by IMO to prevent, reduce, or eliminate the threat or identified vulnerability. Information on each of the PSSA that has been designated by IMO is available on the nautical chart. The Vietnam's coastal zones and island is an isolated oceanic habitat of extremely rich marine life in very good condition which is important to the maintenance and dispersal of the marine life of the Western Tropical Pacific. Vietnam coastal areas are very high risk areas affected by maritime activities, particularly international shipping, therefore in the future identification of some PSSA is necessary.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41661134012 and 41501012)the Taiwan Youth Visiting Scholar Fellowship of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 2015TW2ZB0001)
文摘The upper Yangtze River region is one of the most frequent debris flow areas in China. The study area contains a cascade of six large hydropower stations located along the river with total capacity of more than 70 million kilowatts. The purpose of the study was to determine potential and dynamic differences in debris flow susceptibility and intensity with regard to seasonal monsoon events. We analyzed this region's debris flow history by examining the effective peak acceleration of antecedent earthquakes,the impacts of antecedent droughts, the combined effects of earthquakes and droughts, with regard to topography, precipitation, and loose solid material conditions. Based on these factors, we developed a debris flow susceptibility map. Results indicate that the entire debris flow susceptibility area is 167,500 km^2, of which 26,800 km^2 falls within the high susceptibility area, with 60,900 km^2 in medium and 79,800 km^2 are in low susceptibility areas. Three of the six large hydropower stations are located within the areas with high risk of debris flows. The synthetic zonation map of debris flow susceptibility for the study area corresponds with both the investigation data and actual distribution of debris flows. The results of debris flow susceptibility provide base-line data for mitigating, assessing, controlling and monitoring of debris flows hazards.
文摘The criteria of sustainable design have been already received for reducing heating energy consumption (i.e. Passivhaus standard and first fulfillment of the EPDB Directive). Nowadays, many research are being involved to extend the passive standard to buildings in mild climate areas. Compared to building efficiency in the middle European area, the requirements for sustainable development of construction in the Mediterranean area imply an higher and more articulated passive control of outside/inside energy flows in order to extend energy efficiency measures to the whole year. This is based on an intense interaction between external climatic conditions and the building whole performance, with a dynamic behavior according to climate seasonal changes and inside comfort. Consequently, the integrated design of building fabrics, conceived not as separated components but as complex organism and system of interaction, increases its potential and strategic aim for reducing building consumptions of whole year in the mild climate. This paper demonstrates, both in new constructions and in the renovation of existing buildings, that the whole performance approach is the most suitable for sustainable design in a typical Mediterranean climate in order to increase the efficiency with controlled investments. The aim of this research is to show, through some case studies in Sardinia, that this sensitive and performance approach could optimize the ratio between economic costs and energy and environmental benefits. Only through an integrated and intelligent design of the architectural organism it is possible to achieve the new targets for sustainable building development, even for mild climate areas, required by European Directive 2002/91/EC.
基金granted by the Junior Research Grant Universitàdegli Studi di Padova,year 2013,prot.CPDR138494(“Criticitàidrauliche nel reticolo montano nei riguardi del movimento di detrito legnoso e di colate detritiche”Prof.Vincenzo D’Agostino)
文摘Studies on susceptibility to debris flows at regional scale (ioo-looo km2) are important for the protection and management of mountain areas. To reach this objective, routing models, mainly based on land topography, can be used to predict susceptible areas rapidly while necessitating few input data. In this research, Flow-R model is implemented to create the susceptibility map for the debris flow of the Vizze Valley (BZ, North-Eastern Italy; 134 km^2). The analysis considers the model application at local scale for three sub-catchments and then it explores the model upsealing at the regional scale by verifying two methods to generate the source areas of debris-flow initiation. Using data of an extreme event occurred in the Vizze Valley (4 August 2012) and historical information, the modeling verification highlights that the propagation parameters are relatively simple to set in order to obtain correct runout distances. A double DTM filtering - using a threshold for the upslope contributing area (0.1 km^2) and a threshold for the terrain-slope angle (15°) provides a satisfactory prediction of source areas and susceptibility map within the geological conditions of the Vizze Valley.
文摘Objective Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a multifactorial disease. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between angiotensinogen gene polymorphisms and CHD in the Chinese population. Methods We searched literature in pubmed (1990- 2010.8) and CNKI (1990-2010.8) for all the relevant studies on 2 angiotensinogen polymorphisms (M235T and T174M) and risk of CHD. The meta-analysis software Stata 10.0 was used for ascertaining heterogeneity among individual studies and for combining all the studies. Furthermore,Egger's test and sensitivity analysis were performed to insure authenticity of the outcome.Results Ten associations studies on 2 angiotensinogen polymorphisms (M235T and T174M) were included in this meta-analysis. In a combined analysis, the summary per-allele odds ratio for CHD of the M235T polymorphism was 1.374 (95% confidence interval, 1.019 to 1.852) and T174M polymorphism was 4.089 (95% confidence interval, 1.697 to 9.851). Conclusions The M235T polymorphism had weak but statistically significant association with CHD while the T174M polymorphism was more strongly associated with a CHD risk in Chinese population, but further confirmation studies are needed
文摘In the field of the water resources, hydrologic models have been used to assess water quality performance of complex watersheds and river basins. Hydrologic models can provide essential information for making decisions on sustainable management system of water resources within watersheds. The main objective of this study was to validate the performance of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the feasibility of using this model as a simulator of runoff at a catchment scale in semi-arid area in Northwestern Tunisia. Calibration and validation of the model output were performed by comparing predicted runoff with corresponding measurements from the Sarrath outlet for the periods 1990-1995 for calibration and 2000-2005 for validation. The time series for the years 1996-1999 showed discrepancies between the measured rainfall and the observed runoff indicating errors due to either the observations or to a dysfunction in the equipments. Sensitivity analysis shows that sensitive parameters for the simulation of discharge include curve number, soil evaporation compensation factor, depth of water in shallow aquifer and slope of subbasin. Statistical comparisons between monthly simulated results and observed data for the calibration period gave a reasonable agreement with a coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.75 and Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient (NSE) equal to 0.72. These values were respectively 0.70 and 0.64 for validation period. Overall, the SWAT model has the capability to predict runoff within a complex semi-arid catchment.
文摘To obtain high efficiency of cleavage of thrombin in fusion protein containing a ANP fusetl to Re f pep-tides,the linker sequence deslgned as VIAGR which was dlfferent from GVRGPR formerly used was stud-ied. Plasmld pHL carrying the fuslon gene Ref-NT-ANP downstream from PL Proruc)ter was derived fromexpression vector pLY1 by inserting the fragment of NT-ANP lnto lt. The exPresslon of fuslon gene waslnduced at 420,and the interested proteln Ref-NT-ANP accumlllated as inclusion bodies was lsolated bygradient centrifuge and then dissolved in 7 mol/L guanidinehydrochloride(Gdn-HCl). After dilution,renat-uration and dialyzation, the cleavage of thrombin was examined using samples with 1. 1 mol/1, (;dn-HC1and samples free of Gdn-HCl resI)ective1y. I)igestion result showed that the novel-ad()Pted cleavage sequencewas highly sensitive to thrombin when the substrate dissOlved in 1. 1 mol/I, tidn HCl. The time needed for87%cleavage (the ratio of substrate to thrombin was 5O pg/u)was less than 24 hOurs. This sequence described here which was sPecifically recognized by thrombin might be broadly applied in other fusion sys-tems.
文摘The territory of the Republic of Macedonia is divided to geographical regions, in which different types of monuments and houses from Ottoman character can be found. The monuments and regions presented through this paper do not cover all the regions of Macedonia but only the territories of Skopje, the capital of Macedonia and Ohrid. This paper involves a research of Ottoman housing and settlements in Macedonia according to the architectural characteristics and settlement textures using old-new photographs, related literature, internet sources and site investigation. The rich vernacular traditions we inherited from Ottoman ancestors would be a source for inspiring the architects in establishing the guiding principles for new buildings in Macedonia. Finally, this study concludes with some ways forward on how to attain cultural continuity for achieving sustainable development in the long run.
基金the National Water Special Project(2012ZX07101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41071085)
文摘Eco-sensitivity evaluation is the basis for land development and has practical significance to the establishment of environmentally-friendly economic and social development models. Compared to simple geomorphic regions, complex geomorphic regions are limited by a higher number of eco-sensitivity factors under a land exploitation context. Further still, these factors have complicated spatial characteristics and affect each other. Based on published data, we focused on the city of Qinzhou in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China and developed an eco-sensitivity assessment system spanning land ecology, water ecology and plant ecology. A systematic comprehensive assessment of all watersheds was done using qualitative classification, spatial quantitative modeling, remote sensing and GIS technology. We were able to group Qinzhou’s 273 watersheds into three types: high sensitivity areas, medium sensitivity areas and low sensitivity areas. We propose a limit on land exploitation activities in high sensitivity areas and an ecological security network. The methods utilized here can help determine eco-sensitivity characteristics in complex geomorphic regions and with this knowledge governments wil be able to develop robust scientiifc policy to protect regional ecological security.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA11010303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41230420, 41306023 & 41421005)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers (Grant No. U1406401)the support of K. C. Wong Foundation
文摘Using the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(CNOP) approach, sensitive areas of adaptive observation for predicting the seasonal reduction of the upstream Kuroshio transport(UKT) were investigated in the Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS). The vertically integrated energy scheme was utilized to identify sensitive areas based on two factors: the specific energy scheme and sensitive area size. Totally 27 sensitive areas, characterized by three energy schemes and nine sensitive area sizes, were evaluated. The results show that the total energy(TE) scheme was the most effective because it includes both the kinetic and potential components of CNOP. Generally, larger sensitive areas led to better predictions. The size of 0.5% of the model domain was chosen after balancing the effectiveness and efficiency of adaptive observation. The optimal sensitive area OSen was determined accordingly. Sensitivity experiments on OSen were then conducted, and the following results were obtained:(1) In OSen, initial errors with CNOP or CNOP-like patterns were more likely to yield worse predictions, and the CNOP pattern was the most unstable.(2) Initial errors in OSen rather than in other regions tended to cause larger prediction errors. Therefore, adaptive observation in OSen can be more beneficial for predicting the seasonal reduction of UKT.