论太极拳的形质与神意

从历代明师的拳法理论可知，先师们创造的太极拳是“以形取意，以意象形”。例如陈氏拳的“懒扎衣”一势，在拳的含义上就是形容从前人穿长袍，在遇敌时把衣襟撩起塞在腰带上，表示从容不迫迎敌。再如“六封四闭”一势的含义是上、下、左、右、前、后都封住门为六封：四闭，即闭住东、西、南、北四方．使敌无隙可乘之意。这些拳势既形象又内含技击之意．并通过眼法的运动．体现拳法的神韵。

心灵哲学视域下的范缜“神形说”辨析

从广义心灵哲学的框架来看,南北朝时期范缜的神形说达到了中国心灵哲学比较高的阶段。范缜的心灵哲学不像某些中国学者所描述的功能主义,它暗含着唯物主义的弱同一论,更接近当代的心灵形质说。通过与西方心灵哲学的比较,范缜的心灵哲学沿袭了中国心灵哲学中的唯物主义传统,强调心灵的整体性、规范性本质,然而对他心问题和心理因果性问题没有做出详细合理的解释。

函数问题寻解 以形助数逞能——以2013年江苏卷第20题为例谈以形助数“三好”

数形结合是“数”与“形”相互转化的研究策略，即把数量关系的研究转化为图形性质的研究，或者把图形性质的研究转化为数量关系的研究，数形结合是重要的数学思想，又是常用的数学方法．显然，数形结合的应用大致可分为两种情形：第一种情形是借助形的几何直观性来阐明数之间的某种关系，即“以形助数”；第二种情形是借助于数的精确性来阐明形的某些属性，即“以数解形”．第二种情形“以数解形”已经形成一门成熟的学科——解析几何，这里重点谈谈第一种情形“以形助数”的“三好”．

国医大师王琦院士“象数形神气”中医原创思维在肺间质纤维化诊治中的应用

国医大师王琦院士基于中华传统文化与古代哲学思想,守正创新,提出以“象数形神气”为核心要素的中医原创思维。肺间质纤维化是多种间质性肺疾病的病程转归与病理结局,赋予“象数形神气”以具体内涵。运用中医原创思维之象数观、形神观、一元观以诊治肺间质纤维化。“取象运数”,分析肺藏象居高清虚之象,推演肺金行河图洛书之数,即取象以喻肺主气、司呼吸,调节气机升降出入的内涵属性,西方金行对应河图洛书的四、九之数,“四”代表肺藏清虚娇嫩之体,“九”代表肺象宣降不息之用;“形神一体”,阐释肺间质纤维化的临床特征与影像学表现、肺功能特点的相关性,即肺间质纤维化早期、慢性迁延期与晚期由“肺痹”向“肺痿”渐进性转化,影像学体现“形”的特点,肺功能反映“神”的功能;“气为一元”,益气养阴,化痰通络,活血消瘀,即正虚方面治以益气养阴,运用补肺固表、健脾益气、益肾填精、滋阴润肺、滋阴养肝、滋阴补肾药以通痹荣痿,邪实方面治以化痰通络,活血消瘀,运用辛温或辛润通络药以通畅肺络,以改善肺间质纤维化患者的肺功能,提高生活质量。

粗守形,上守神——传统文化与夸张修辞格

这里的所谓“粗守形”,即是不求形似;“上守神”,即要真切地表现动势神姿、轮廓变化,显示其中的“真”(本质、规律)。 “粗守形,上守神”的方式是古人重“道”轻“器”观念的一种表现,由于古代中国人总是把世界万物看作一群群行为功能之“象”,这就使得他们必定去欣赏、去寻求事物的动态美、线条美和神韵之美,并以艺术手段将它们表现出来,这便在语言修辞上有了夸张修辞格。 杜甫、李白诗:“笔落惊风雨,诗成泣鬼神”,“君不见高堂明镜悲白发,朝如青丝暮成雷”。这是夸张修辞,它是故意“言过其实”。它首先让我们感受到那“神动”的“气韵”。这种修辞形式。

课堂教学应“形散而神不散”

苏教版小学数学二年级下册第76页,有一道笔算两三位数减法练习题(如图1)。课堂上,我这样引导学生:师:你能提出哪些用减法计算的问题?生:杜鹃比海棠多多少盆?生:月季比杜鹃多多少盆?师:发现了吗?他们提的问题有一个共同点,都是——(学生抢答:什么比什么多多少盆。)

数形结合思想及其应用

数学研究的对象是数量关系和空间形式，即“形”与“数”两个方面．“形”与“数”两者之间并不是孤立的，而是有着密切的联系．在一维空间，实数与数轴上的点建立了一一对应的关系，在二维空间，实数对与坐标平面上的点建立了一一对应的关系，进而可以使函数解析式与函数图象、方程与曲线建立起一一对应的关系，使得数量关系的研究可以转化为图形性质的研究；反之，也可以使图形性质的研究转化为数量关系的研究．这种数学问题过程中“形”与“数”相互转化的研究策略，即是数形结合的思想．

浅谈2011年高考题中出现的数形结合

数形结合思想是一种很重要的数学思想。数学研究的对象是数量关系和空间形式，即数与形两个方面，把数量关系的研究转化为图形性质的研究，或者把图形性质的研究转化为数量关系的研究，这种解决问题过程中“数”与“形”相互转化的研究策略，就是数形结合的思想。

范缜《神灭论》中的心理学思想

本文分析了南朝齐梁时期杰出的唯物主义哲学家、无神论者范缜在其哲学名篇《神灭论》中有关心理现象的论述,这些思想包括形神关系、心理产生的机制、心理是特有的现象、心理过程分不同阶段等,这些观点全面阐述了心理实质问题。

对范缜神灭论思想的辨析

我国南北朝时期,佛教思想泛滥,以至于影响到了当时的政治经济,给广大劳动人民带来了很多压迫和灾难,面对这种社会局面,范缜及时提出了神灭论思想来对抗当时流行的佛教思想。他通过提出反对因果报应说、形神相即、形质神用、'质'不同则'用'不同等理论,有力地回击了佛教的'生死轮回''因果报应'等思想。

为便于邮寄 英国推出扁平硬质塑料红酒瓶

如今市面上出售的红酒绝大多数装在圆柱形瓶子里,不便于装盒邮寄。英国＂侍者红酒＂如今推出了一种能装进纸盒的扁平硬质塑料红酒瓶,方便邮寄,摆在架子上也更省地儿。它比现在常见的红酒瓶高出约5厘米,厚度只有后者的一半,但容量同样为750毫升。

形式、结构与心灵形质说——兼与中国神形观比较

以居身性和涉身性为特征的认知理论深受笛卡尔主义思维模式的影响,并没有明确阐释心灵的本质是什么。当代心灵形质说在考察笛卡尔主义思维模式基础上,吸收当代生物哲学中的"结构"概念以"复苏"形质说,提出心理是一种身体、社会和环境相互作用的结构模式。当代心灵形质说的出现,表明西方心灵哲学对心灵的认识正悄然从还原论转向整体论考察,原来的"小心"概念也向"大心"概念转变。就其"大心"的认识,它与我们中国心灵哲学中的神形观有相似之处,但在致思取向和方法上存在差异。

安神治形探微

慢性疲劳综合征、肥胖、糖尿病、阿尔茨海默病等形质损伤疾病给社会带来了沉重负担,睡眠问题在中医学属“神”的范畴,诸多研究表明二者可相互影响,睡眠的再生修复作用对形质病的防治具有重要意义。文章基于形气神三位一体生命观,从生机学说视角,结合相关研究进展,对安神法治疗形质病的具体内涵进行探讨,试将“安神治形”的作用归纳为安神养元充形、安神调气维形、安神化浊复形3个方面,以期对中医学形神理论加以丰富,为相关疾病的临床和科研工作提供思路。

阅读教学中“读”的三个统一

为了使“读”在阅读教学中发挥积极作用，应做到三个统一。“标”与“向”的统一，即围绕教学目标安排“读”的活动，每个环节都要有明确的教学指向，注重“读”的层次性和向心性；“数”与“质”的统一，即在关注读的数量时，更要重视读的质量；“形”与“神”的统一，即教师在学生读的过程中注重方法的引导，以助其悟出文本之“神”。

Research on Thermodynamic Properties of Polybrominated Diphenylamine by Neural Network

Based on the location of bromine substituents and conjugation matrix, a new substituent po- sition index ~X not only was defined, but also molecular shape indexes Km and electronega- tivity distance vectors Mm of diphenylamine and 209 kinds of polybrominated diphenylamine （PBDPA） molecules were calculated. Then the quantitative structure-property relationships （QSPR） among the thermodynamic properties of 210 organic pollutants and 0X, K3, M29, M36 were founded by Leaps-and-Bounds regression. Using the four structural parameters as input neurons of the artificial neural network, three satisfactory QSPR models with network structures of 4：21：1, 4：24：1, and 4：24：1 respectively, were achieved by the back-propagation algorithm. The total correlation coefficients R were 0.9999, 0.9997, and 0.9995 respectively and the standard errors S were 1.036, 1.469, and 1.510 respectively. The relative mean deviation between the predicted value and the experimental value of Sθ, AfHe and △fGθ- were 0.11%, 0.34% and 0.24% respectively, which indicated that the QSPR models had good stability and superior predictive ability. The results showed that there were good nonlinear correlations between the thermodynamic properties of PBDPAs and the four structural pa- rameters. Thus, it was concluded that the ANN models established by the new substituent position index were fully applicable to predict properties of PBDPAs.

Recursive impedance inversion of ground-penetrating radar data in stochastic media

The travel time and amplitude of ground-penetrating radar （GPR） waves are closely related to medium parameters such as water content, porosity, and dielectric permittivity. However, conventional estimation methods, which are mostly based on wave velocity, are not suitable for real complex media because of limited resolution. Impedance inversion uses the reflection coefficient of radar waves to directly calculate GPR impedance and other parameters of subsurface media. We construct a 3D multiscale stochastic medium model and use the mixed Gaussian and exponential autocorrelation function to describe the distribution of parameters in real subsurface media. We introduce an elliptical Gaussian function to describe local random anomalies. The tapering function is also introduced to reduce calculation errors caused by the numerical simulation of discrete grids. We derive the impedance inversion workflow and test the calculation precision in complex media. Finally, we use impedance inversion to process GPR field data in a polluted site in Mongolia. The inversion results were constrained using borehole data and validated by resistivity data.

3D electrical resistivity inversion using prior spatial shape constraints

To minimize the number of solutions in 3D resistivity inversion, an inherent problem in inversion, the amount of data considered have to be large and prior constraints need to be applied. Geological and geophysical data regarding the extent of a geological anomaly are important prior information. We propose the use of shape constraints in 3D electrical resistivity inversion, Three weighted orthogonal vectors （a normal and two tangent vectors） were used to control the resistivity differences at the boundaries of the anomaly. The spatial shape of the anomaly and the constraints on the boundaries of the anomaly are thus established. We incorporated the spatial shape constraints in the objective function of the 3D resistivity inversion and constructed the 3D resistivity inversion equation with spatial shape constraints. Subsequently, we used numerical modeling based on prior spatial shape data to constrain the direction vectors and weights of the 3D resistivity inversion. We established a reasonable range between the direction vectors and weights, and verified the feasibility and effectiveness of using spatial shape prior constraints in reducing excessive structures and the number of solutions. We applied the prior spatially shape-constrained inversion method to locate the aquifer at the Guangzhou subway. The spatial shape constraints were taken from ground penetrating radar data. The inversion results for the location and shape of the aquifer agree well with drilling data, and the number of inversion solutions is significantly reduced.

Evaluation of Productivity and Light Quality in Two High Density Dwarf Rootstock Apple Orchards in Central China

[Ohjective] The aim of the study is to investigate the productivity and light quality in two high density M26 dwarf rootstock apple orchards in central China so as to provide some management guidance for close planting of dwarf rootstock apples.[Method] The technical parameters of individual trees and group parameters as shoot number and composition and canopy coverage were determined, and the light quality in the canopy, fruit production and quality were investigated. [Result] Slender spindle （SS） orchard has 54 thousands shoots per 667 m^2. Coverage rate is 76%. Leaf area index is 1.9. The ratio of long, medium and spur shoots is 1：1：8. Fruit yield is 3 263 kg/667 m^2 with 85% first grade fruit. Light interception in the canopy is 58% while the ratio of canopy with good light is 65%. Modified slender spindle （MSS） orchard has 93 thousands shoots per 667 m^2 and the coverage is 77%. Leaf area index is 3.3. The ratio cf long, medium and spur shoots is 1：2：7. Fruit yield is 3 931 kg/667 m^2 with 85% first grade fruit. The light interception in the canopy is 73% while the ratio of canopy with good light is 35%. [Conclusion] Apple orchard with M26 dwarf rootstock trained as SS and MSS tree form in medium planting density may be useful to the management of the similar orchards in Central China.

Effect of geometrical parameters on forming quality of high-strength TA18 titanium alloy tube in numerical control bending

The forming quality of high-strength TA18 titanium alloy tube during numerical control bending in changing bending angle β, relative bending radius R/D and tube sizes such as diameter D and wall thickness t was clarified by finite element simulation. The results show that the distribution of wall thickness change ratio Δt and cross section deformation ratio ΔD are very similar under different β; the Δt and ΔD decrease with the increase of R/D, and to obtain the qualified bent tube, the R/D must be greater than 2.0; the wall thinning ratio Δto slightly increases with larger D and t, while the wall thickening ratio Δti and ΔD increase with the larger D and smaller t; the Δto and ΔD firstly decrease and then increase, while the Δti increases, for the same D/t with the increase of D and t.

New Algorithm for Image Target Recognition Based on Fractal Feature Fusion

By combining fractal theory with D-S evidence theory, an algorithm based on the fusion of multi-fractal features is presented. Fractal features are extracted, and basic probability assignment function is designed. Comparison and simulation are performed on the new algorithm, the old algorithm based on single feature and the algorithm based on neural network. Results of the comparison and simulation illustrate that the new algorithm is feasible and valid.