数字时代国家教育权与受教育权的关系审视——兼论教育法法典化的底层逻辑

数字时代伴随着海量数据和高效算法的信息技术催生了限制和控制个体的“数字权力”,对国家教育权与受教育权的平衡关系提出了挑战。“数字权力”一方面强化了国家教育权的权力末端和效用,增强了国家教育权的控制能力;另一方面也使数字科技企业有机会分享甚至挤占国家教育权的运行空间,在一定程度上削弱了国家教育权的实施效果,两者都威胁着受教育权的实现,打破了国家教育权与受教育权的平衡状态。教育是国之大计,平衡“两权”关系的关键在于国家。应当以契合数字时代特点的认识视角重释国家教育权的内涵,从国家教育权的依法设限出发,明确国家教育权尊重人、关怀人和促进人的发展的目的;慎用强制性权力,遵循法律保留原则和比例原则;规范基础性权力,推动教育数据开放和多元主体参与。以此来实现对受教育权主动和周延的保护,并在教育法法典化的底层逻辑中加以体现。

Rankings of Universities and Power in the Digital Age

This paper will discuss one topic in the current debate on higher education： How power is exercised between universities？ How do colleges determine what the best college is？ What are the differences in the excersise of power in the digital age？ The authors analyze one of the mechanisms of relationship and contact between different universities： the rankings. They will discuss the practices that allow certain values and organizations they are becoming central nodes between universities and the influences of the information and communication technologies in the measurement mechanisms. The authors seek to show the rankings serve as mechanisms to exercise power among universities. These measurements become a tool and justification in competition between universities for resources such as funding, prestige, and student demand. The analysis is based on the University of Mexico, the authors use the ranking of the best universities in Latin America and the best universities in Mexico.