刘勰“文”体观的文化诠释

刘勰文体论是一个逻辑严密的文化叙事系统。以“文”观念为基础,刘勰讨论了诗歌以下等十六种具体文体。总体上看,刘勰文体论既重文体的自然起源,又重文体的义理关系,体现了事实描写、逻辑描写与知识寓意、审美寓意相统一的文化精神。

苏洵与欧阳修的文章之交及其对当时文风的影响

苏洵与欧阳修以文缔交,过去通常认为其目的与作用在于为苏轼兄弟应考作铺垫和在京城立足作宣传,本文通过对相关资料的考察,发现事实并非如此,其影响与意义要广泛深刻得多;欧、苏二人在北宋古文运动发展过程中,在"文""道"、"人""道"关系上有着不尽相同的观念,但这不仅没有影响到彼此的交往和友情,而且对古文运动的最终完成发挥了积极和建设性的作用。

The Dilemma and Redemption of Culture： A Way to Interpret the Role of Intellectuals during the May 4th and Yan＇an Period＊

The status and meaning of culture is closely related to the modem China＇s revolution. Terry Eagleton＇s cultural derivation provides a basis for redefining culture in the process of Chinese revolution. According to this, the new cultural movement in May 4th and the Chinese Marxism aesthetics in Yan＇an have taken on the common issues like national and ideological transformation, whereas they have their own historical phase and thus the historical relativity characteristics. As the main body of culture transfer, the intellectuals implement the effective transformation of identity in the process from elite culture to the popularization of culture, and vigorously promote the idea of culture in the context of the Chinese revolution from dilemma to redemption.

Commemorative Sculpture and Ceremonial Behaviors in the Public Sphere： Cyprus as a Case Study

This paper focuses on the symbolic power exercised through the memorials in the Republic of Cyprus. Public sculpture is almost exclusively memorial sculpture and it reflects the predominant values of the national identity. This paper constitutes the first analysis of current historical and cultural perceptions in the southern part of the island through these visual representations and the ceremonial behaviors they generate. Characteristic cases of memorials presented here prove that commemoration in the Republic of Cyprus is inextricably linked to location which is either associated with an actual event of death, or draws power from its relation to culturally symbolic institutional buildings. The memorials illustrate the blending of private and public sphere and, respectively, private and social identity of the deceased. They prove that the affinities between heroism and sanctity within the Greek cultural milieu have imbued the social subconscious and impacted significantly on the collective recollections and the national narratives. This paper focuses on the aesthetics of the memorials which, due to their affinities with tombs in Greek and Cypriot cemeteries, lack affirmative hope, healing and closure of the trauma. On the contrary, they persist in portraying victimhood as a state of being.

Attempting Discussion of Mythological Concepts＇ Determinism

Current sciences fail in understanding the future trends of human beings＇ behaviors and cultures. From the hunting tribes to the agricultural society, the civilized country, and then to the industrial society, none of these developments is the results of human beings＇ reasonable proposal. The human beings are ＂developed＂, i.e. pushed forward by certain invisible forces. As being cultural, they are dominated by their cultural concepts. To explore the source of every civilization＇s concepts, the formation history of its mythological concepts during the pre-historic period or at the beginning of its civilization shall be studied first. By interpreting the first literature works at the beginning of western civilization, the temporary mythologists reveal the rule that mythological concepts dominate the ritual behaviors and narrative expressions. This paper interprets the historical narratives in Records of the Grand Historian.＂ Annals of the First Emperor of Qin, to reproduce the concepts that dominate China＇s national rulers, present the theory of Mythological Concepts＇ Determinism, and correspond to the counter-force of ideology put forward by Friedrich Engels in his later years and the religious concepts＇ determinism by Max Weber, so as to illustrate the mythological concepts＇ function as the prototype code of ideology, and refer to a common and effective directory approach of social science studies.

When Mulan meets Romeo： Cultural impact upon the dating scripts, perceptions and behaviors of college students from the United States and Taiwan in their cross-cultural romantic relationships

This study examines the cultural impact upon the dating scripts, perceptions, and behaviors of college students from the United States and Taiwan in their cross-cultural romantic relationships. Ten same-culture and ten cross-culture couples participated in the retrospective account interviews. Reconfirming the prevalent quantitative research findings that the American participants tend to begin dating at a younger age and change dating partners more frequently, this qualitative study finds that most of the American and Taiwan Residents participants perceived their dating and cross-cultural romantic relationships seriously by demonstrating a strong sense of responsibility and consistent support in the face of language difficulties, cultural confusions, and social obstacles.

Nonverbal Communication and Cultural Foundation in Intercultural Communication

In today＇ s era of globalization, intercultural communication has become an important subject. Space is an aspect of crosscultural communication Nonverbal communication, it implies the psychological boundaries of human communication, conducting this study helps to understand different cultures, and reduces cultural conflict. Culture reflects the characteristics of a nation, guiding people behavior in concept of society. With globalization developing, people are eager to interact with people from different cultural backgrounds, so cross-cultural communication society today is one of the most fashionable terms. The differences between cultures tend to give unexpected difficulties caused by differences.

Human Dignity and Human Rights： A Universal Language for Bioethics

One of the aims of the Universal Declaration on B ioethics and Human Rights （UNESCO） is to ＂promote respect for human dignity and protect human rights＂,l Here are two overarching principles at work, ensuring that the biomedical sciences fulfill their task within an ethical framework. The principle of respect for human dignity is a universal moral concept, meant to be applied in human encounters. Protecting human rights underscores the legal principle of not only affirming the fundamental equality of all human beings, but equally safeguarding it. These two principles are universally defined, but are ordinarily specified by the particular value system of individual cultures in which they are employed. It is within such particular cultural application that their relevance stands out. The thrust of this paper is that, since principles are general action guides, they actually constitute a universal language for the analysis and evaluation of all human conduct. However, there is also recognition of the fact that moral contexts vary from culture to culture, and that while the scope of the two principles above is not restricted by any particular culture, it is indeed those cultural specifics of each moral context that constitute the framework within which the principles become operational. As general action guides, I will argue that these principles lack moral relevance outside of those particular cultural settings wherein they are contextualized. Without such relevance, these principles become meaningless mantras. I will further show that such principles do not merely uphold values informed by particular cultures, but they are an embodiment of values inherent to human nature in general. Consequently, these principles do not just serve as instruments for addressing issues peculiar to ＂Western bioethics＂ or any other particular cultural setting in an exclusive sense, but are also used for moderating bioethics discourse that transcend particular cultural boundaries. I will further explain that such universal discourse is potentially instructive with regards to how cultural universals are viewed in relation to the cultural particulars, and that this discourse essentially becomes a lingua franca for cross-cultural dialogue in bioethics.

Study on implementing constructivism teaching concept of British-American Literature Teaching

Due to the influence of traditional teaching concepts, teaching practice of English and American Literature, perfusion teaching model has been relatively common, students tend to become a vassal and object of teaching, criticism and independence have been suppressed. Constructivist teaching concept is raised by drawbacks of traditional teaching. Starting from the reflection of the traditional teaching of English and American literature, propose the external study to explore multiple perspectives and to define the center to teach learning-centered teaching concept, and thus analysis the reform method, direction and specific implementation methods of current English and American Literature teaching, hoping to affect the current British and American Literature Teaching reform.

The Strategy of Integrating Enterprise Culture into College English Teaching Under the New Curriculum Reform

With the overall promotion of the new curriculum reform, teachers’ teaching ideas have greatly changed. Under this background, how to apply the concept of new curriculum reform guide the reform of college English teaching is an important task. Therefore, it is very important to study the teaching strategies of college English teaching. Culture and language are complementary and inseparable, which requires us to carry out cultural teaching during English teaching process. In this paper, we focus on the strategy of integrating enterprise cultures into college English teaching, and discuss several cultural teaching problems in college English class. As a language required course, English not only strengthen the learners’ language skills, but also enhance humanistic quality of students. However, current college English teaching takes the examination as the goal, which cannot meet the needs of the learner’s professional stuff. We propose the strategy of integrating the professional background into English teaching, in order to improve the students’ ability of comprehensive application of English and the professional quality.

Discussion on the Modern Moral Education Function of the Traditional ＂Five Human Relationships＂

Chinese culture puts much emphasis upon ethics, by which people are bound to pay respect to their superiors, fathers or husbands, hence a realization of social harmony and the utmost of the moral unification of heavens and human beings. The story as a means of significance in transmission of traditional culture explains vividly the connotation of traditional morals and plays a role of importance in moral education of ancient times as well. This thesis shall analyze the essence of moral ideas in those stories, through which to be aware of and taste the ethical tenderness in traditional moralities, thus a perfection of the application of traditional stories to modern moral education.

WHICH WAY OF LIFE?——A STUDY OF COLLEGE STUDENTS' PERCEPTION AND VALUE AS A RESULT OF ENGLISHIZATION IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA

It is generally acknowledged that English plays the important role of a cultural mediator in the trend of globalization.For many Chinese college students,the systematic study of English at schools provides them with an opportunity to gain access to the Western ideology that is often associated with the language.How and to what degree does the learning of English affect young people's values and attitudes toward life? In what way does it help to(re)shape young people's modern identity? How do young people perceive themselves and the world in which they live? A careful study on these questions will be conducted on the basis of a questionnaire distributed to 400-odd college students at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies(English majors and non-English majors inclusive).It is hoped to find out how the Chinese youth react to cultural globalization and how Englishization affects the lives of Chinese college students.

＂When I Got a Person to Communicate with, I Got a Purpose to Learn＂： Evidence for Social ＂Modes of Autonomy＇

This paper contests the notion that language learner autonomy is a monolithic construct, by offering evidence that learner autonomy （LA） is comprised of different ＂modes of autonomy＂. Thirty language learners based in Asia and the UK, completed a Q methodology card sort and were interviewed on how learning in an autonomous environment had impacted upon their development as learners. The results indicated that at least six modes of autonomy were identifiable within these language learners. Further analysis showed that social dimensions of autonomy were central to each mode, and thus reconceptualizing LA in this way allows for multiple understandings of the construct which are culturally rooted and embedded in sociocultural notions of what it means to be a language learner.