拓展性学习中的概念形成--基于“文化-历史”活动理论的视角

拓展性学习的概念与理论是由芬兰学者恩格斯托姆最早提出的,是"文化-历史"活动理论在实践中的应用与发展。作为一种具有变革意义的学习范式,拓展性学习对传统学习模式进行反思与批判的基础上,从学习的目的、主体、内容、过程以及结果等方面颠覆了对学习的传统理解与认知,并认为学习的本质是"将一个简单的观念拓展成为一个复杂的活动目标或者形成一种新的实践形式"。拓展性学习的本质与内涵揭示了概念形成及演化与拓展性学习活动及实践之间的关系。这种关系体现在拓展性学习的过程中,即拓展性学习总是要经历从"质疑→分析→建模→检验→实施→反思→固化"的循环。作为拓展性学习理论的进一步发展,从行动与反思两个维度,拓展性学习中的概念转化可以划分为直觉感知、解释说明、归纳整合、制度化四个阶段。这对于我们深入认识拓展性学习理论和丰富现代学习理论具有一定的启示。

“工作-学习”理论的创新与发展——第四代“文化—历史”活动理论及应用价值

近年来,作为一种研究人类实践活动的方法论——“文化—历史”活动理论(CHAT)与“工作—学习”实践相结合,成为一个具有前瞻性及开拓性的研究领域。基于此,从分析人类生产方式、生活方式、工作类型、知识类型以及学习模式的变革入手,阐述“工作—学习”与“文化—历史”活动理论之间的关系;进而再从“分析单元”入手,探讨前后四代“文化—历史”活动理论内涵及外延的创新及拓展,并强调“文化—历史”活动理论面临的最主要挑战,在于人类活动对象发生了根本性转变。其中,第四代“文化—历史”活动理论的最核心任务,在于创造一个新的分析单元——活动联盟。这种动态的活动联盟,既需要承载不同利益者的“共享客体”,又需要成为“工作—学习”活动变革与创新的航标,从而将“文化—历史”活动理论从强调结构关系转向强调过程关系,从强调横向拓展转向强调跨界、跨层的拓展。

甘肃永登连城鲁土司历史文化资源在当代旅游发展中的重大意义

甘肃永登连城鲁土司统治连城长达五百六十多年,留下了弥足珍贵的历史文化资源,是当地发展旅游业的宝贵财富。作者根据鲁土司历史文化资源的特点,把它作为一种宝贵的人文历史旅游资源来挖掘,并对其提出旅游开发的战略构想。

“文化-历史”活动理论视角下科学家精神与企业家精神融合研究

随着我国进入新发展阶段,科学家精神与企业家精神融合比任何时期都重要和迫切。依据“文化-历史”活动理论,科学家精神与企业家精神作为客体,分别是科学家、企业家等主体社会实践活动系统输出的一部分,二者具有共享目标,跨界、融合符合文化历史活动发展规律。由世界青年科学家峰会案例得出,创设科学家和企业家交流平台,构建异质性活动系统联盟,加快共享目标迭代创新,有助于科学家精神与企业家精神融合,形成个体层次、组织层次和社会层次三位一体的精神内涵。

丹尼列夫斯基的文明形态史观理论及其价值

19世纪中期的俄国,不但政治、经济、军事等领域落后于西方,而且各种社会矛盾激进,这种现状催生了俄国思想界对国家未来发展道路问题的哲学思考。针对西方以黑格尔为代表的进步史观丹尼列夫斯基提出了"文化—历史类型"说,他吸收了斯拉夫派的思想精髓,以文明为出发点提出了各个"文化—历史类型"在不同时空维度内的共同发展的世界历史思想,继而为俄国选择走自己独特的历史发展道路提供理论支撑。丹尼列夫斯基的"文化—历史类型"说开创了从文明角度研究历史理论的先河,其理论价值不但伴随着斯宾格勒和汤因比对文明形态史理论的丰富而日益凸显,而且在亨廷顿和森格哈斯等文明冲突论思想中也得到了进一步的体现。

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阳光明媚的春天，正是郊游踏青，放飞心情的好时节。如能再放放风筝，放松下那疲惫的筋骨，必定能给你的郊游带来另一番的享受，虽然大家都见过风筝，但是对风筝真正了解的朋友一定不多吧，那么就在这风和日丽的春季，跟着笔者来一次风筝之旅吧。

Exploration in Beautiful Village Construction from the Perspective of Cultural Inheritance——A Case Study of Xuwan Town

Culture is an integral of historical deposits and considered cradle of eco- civilization. Culture is China＇s spiritual handholds. In building beautiful villages, envi- ronment, public service facilities and infrastructure are so important. But the re- search stressed cultural inheritance ad spiritual civilization to make sure village beauty outside and inside. The aim is to explore cultural inheritance models in ec- onomy, living and eco-tourism, with a case study of Xuwan town.

Review on the Development of Western and Eastern Garment Pattern Design Technique

Due to different cultural and historical background, the technology in Western and Eastern pattern design is inherently different. Along with the development of technology, garment pattern design technique is making progress towards high effectiveness and accuracy. Many researchers proposed different alternative methodologies to improve the current pattern making processes. This article examines the development of Western and Eastern garment pattern design technique. The main objective of this article is to provide a thorough review and hence a better understanding to those researchers who made contribution on developing pattern design technique and continue their work in the future.

Distribution Characteristics of Provincial Traditional Villages and Their Reasons

In this paper, a total of 723 traditional villages in Hunan were selected for research. With the aid of spatial analysis of GIS, the number equilibrium and spatial autocorrelation of the traditional villages were analyzed quantitatively, watershed distribution characteristics and ethnic distribution characteristics of the traditional villages were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively, and the influence factors of distribution of the traditional village were explored in terms of three aspects of agricultural production and population migration, history and culture, and economic activities.

Historical Memory and Cultural Nostalgia of Longtang＇s Rebuilt in Shanghai

Most cities in China have experienced dramatic changes during the systematic progress of modernization and commercialization. Rebuilding residential space into heritage preservation is popular in Chinese urban planning. Yearning for modernity generates a policy of cultural protection which is transformed by the public spaces within which people carry out daily lives. However, heritage preservation in these cities is in a dilemma. On side, with the opening up, Chinese society toward modernization has been accompanied by large-scale urbanization, rapid commercialization and a booming consumerism. The Chinese capital has forced people to face the challenge of urban environment management and adaptation to a new city. The traditional streets in big cities are destroyed first and then rebuilt to turn the capital into an international metropolis. On the other side, heritage protection needs its historical roots as the authentic cultural features. To some extent, the process of urban landscaping stimulates people＇s nostalgia tie. Although it seems to be individual, it is also a link of one＇s historical memory of sentiment with the development of social construction. Hence, collective urban nostalgia that emerged through the rebuilding of heritage in urban China can promote nationalism from the governmental perspective. Further, it can also lead people face the life itself but neglect the social tensions around them. Meanwhile, rebuilding mode of Longtang also elaborates the power structure existing among state, capital, intellectuals.

Sustainability of Touristic Potential of the Old Van City and Castle of Van in Terms of Cultural, Historical and Natural Values

Tourism has become the world＇s fastest growing sector due to acceleration of technology and information flow in the globalized world of today, development of the modem mass transport system and increase in people＇s disposable income. Upon tourism＇s being considered as a serious development strategy in the developments of the countries, all the countries of the world have begun to accelerate their investments in this area through utilizing the natural and cultural assets of their countries （heritage） with a view to provide revenue to their economy as well as creation of jobs. This situation, which has emerged as a result of the globalization of supply and demand in tourism, has created certain problems in terms of environmental balance and the living conditions of local people as a result of poor management of the utilization of natural and cultural resources. The objective of this paper is to examine the concepts and principles germane to sustainable tourism which has significant contribution to the development of the countries, made at the macro level both in the world and in Turkey. The aim of this paper, at the micro level, is to create awareness incident to the tourism resources of the Van Region and the Old Van province and ensure the utilization of these resources through protection thereof. At the end of the study, the importance of the protection of heritage resources as well as fair use thereof in terms of increasing the competitiveness of Turkey on a global scale in tourism is addressed in the light of the overall evaluations.

Water Conservancy and the Historical Evolvement of Lingnan Regional Culture

The history of the formation and development of Chinese civilization is also a civilization history of water conservancy. Water not only gives birth to Chinese civilization but also gives birth to the unique regional culture in Lingnan. In the past thousands of year, from the ancient myths and legends of Lingnan water conservancy culture to the digging of efficacious Canal＇s integration of the nationalities in Lingnan, to the blending of water and culture of the Xijiang River and the North River of the Zhujiang water system and the formation of urban river culture, development of its generation, deduction and inheritance has the mutual penetration with the formation of water system and the variation of water conservancy which mutually influence the historical evolvement of Lingnan regional culture.

An Imaginary Taiwan From a Composer in China A Case Study of Taiwan Bangzi Opera

Taiwan Bangzi Opera is a branch of Henan Bangzi Opera in Henan, which was transmitted from China to Taiwan within the armies under a political and historical circumstance around 1947. As the trend of localisation in these ten years becomes obvious, several localised performances are created; however, the composers in China do not understand the music culture in Taiwan, so some interesting phenomenon can be found between an imaginary Taiwan from their viewpoints and the real culture in Taiwan. The Sorceress Bride is a performance which adapted so-called the aboriginal tune in 2012, and it arises several issues for further discussion.

The Relevance of Vygotsky＇s Developmental Perspective to the Debate on Methodology in Psychological Science

Throughout his work, Lev S. Vygotsky （1896-1934） pursued the objective of reformulating psychological theory. His historical-cultural analysis of the ＂crisis in psychology＂ showed that, beyond contradictions between the two main methodological currents---＂objective/explanatory＂ and ＂subjective/intuitive＂--psychology is primarily influenced by its empirical-sensory foundations. This influence is actually at the origin of the disagreement since it maintains the obligation for the two currents to make reference to empirical-sensory data. Only a general model of the developing human being, assessed by its usefulness, will allow reorienting psychology towards a broader science. This would lead to a general theory of psychology, which could then facilitate the search for tools for an indirect method enabling it to go beyond empiricism.

How Can China Introduce Itself to the World？

There are three principles guiding translation for international publicity in China. These priciples have widespread influence all over China, therefore, further study is necessary. This paper analyzes the complementary and interdependent relationships between the three principles in order to point out relevant problems and possible solutions. With the theoretical framework of＂translation and formation of cultural identities＂, ＂interactive relations between language and identities＂, the paper takes international translation theories and cases as reference and rethinks the principles from a historical and cultural perspective. The paper concludes that it is necessary and feasible to communicate with other cultures while introducing Chinese culture to the world

Culture Survivance and Religion Healing： On Ojibwe Spirituality in Healing Trauma in LaRose

As of French, German and Ojibwe mixed-blood origin, Louise Erdrich, a well-known and prolific American writer, has always been dealing with the theme of the relationship between Catholicism and Ojibwe spirituality in her fictional world. Her attitude towards Catholicism and Ojibwe spirituality has sparked a heated discussion among scholars and researchers in recent years. Under such academic atmosphere, therefore, LaRose is discussed in this paper. It is shown inLaRose that when white and tribal history come together, where Catholic and traditional spirit worlds intersect, and when Western legal justice cannot solve an ethical problem, Ojibwe spirituality can be used for healing trauma, which is represented through the tradition of adoption as a spiritual reparation, the acquisition of power through naming and biological inheritance and the practice of rituals and ceremonies, from all of which the healing power is derived. Rather than being a syncretism with Catholic, Ojibwe spirituality should preserve its own traditions and cultures to survive generational as well as individual trauma and maintain a culture survivance

Madama Butterfly or M. Butterfly？ An Analysis on Imperfection of Deconstruction in M. Butterfly

Chinese American literature hasn＇t developed into a visible power until 1970＇s in the American literary world. David Henry Hwang is a dazzling star among Chinese-American writers. He is the first to perform his own works on Broadway as well as the first to get Tony Award. He is the most successful and reputable Asian American playwright in the history of American Drama. Hwang＇s masterpiece M. Butterfly inverts orientalism＇s constructing the relationship between the east and the west, subverts stereotypes of the oriental in the westerners＇ eyes, and cries out a distinctive voice of＂the other＂ to western hegemony culture. However~ as a Chinese-American writer of the second generation that receives white mainstream cultural education, Hwang＇s deconstructing the orientalism and subverting the fixed relationship between the east and west has its imperfection, which results from social and historical environment the author lives in, personal experiences as well as national culture identity. In addition, Hwang＇s M.Butterfly aims at appealing for the eastern and western cultures＇ learning from each other, communicating with each other in order to achieve the goal of cultural co-prosperity with a broader mind in a harmonious atmosphere.

The Impact of the African Culture on World Civilization

Although much has been written about African contributions to world civilization, the authors would like to discuss in this paper the reasons why Africa is considered the cradle of civilizations and some specific elements of African culture found in other parts of the world. The dominant view is that the history of humankind began in Africa, particularly in East Africa （Ethiopia and Tanzania）. Human history in Africa is immensely long. In fact, both archaeological research and genetic studies strongly support the theory that the evolution of the modern human species （Homo sapiens） occurred in Africa. Thereafter, these early human beings spread rapidly from East Africa throughout Africa and the rest of the world. As they spread across the globe, the early human beings adapted to very different environments by developing the slight genetic variations which produce differences in skin color, hair, body type, and facial features. From Africa some people migrated into Asia before continuing to other parts of the world. The idea that the first Africans chose Asia when they decided to migrate provides the first link between Africans and Asians. Early Asians must be the closest cousins of the early Africans. Although there are historical, cultural, and linguistic connections between the African and Eastern Cultures, the authors will only discuss four major cultural elements. These include religious beliefs, concept of history and time, social structures, and the human body.

Inheritance and Development of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Su fan

intangible cultural heritage is an important part of the mankind cultural heritage, which carries the national historical heritage and national identity, and it is the lifeblood of the national culture, it has important cultural value, historical and spiritual values. From the international perspective, heritage and development of intangible cultural heritage has a very important significance for the protection of human cultural diversity.

Historic Environment and Cultural Sensitivity： Ottoman Neighborhood in Macedonia

The territory of the Republic of Macedonia is divided to geographical regions, in which different types of monuments and houses from Ottoman character can be found. The monuments and regions presented through this paper do not cover all the regions of Macedonia but only the territories of Skopje, the capital of Macedonia and Ohrid. This paper involves a research of Ottoman housing and settlements in Macedonia according to the architectural characteristics and settlement textures using old-new photographs, related literature, internet sources and site investigation. The rich vernacular traditions we inherited from Ottoman ancestors would be a source for inspiring the architects in establishing the guiding principles for new buildings in Macedonia. Finally, this study concludes with some ways forward on how to attain cultural continuity for achieving sustainable development in the long run.