“文协”:中国现代文学史上最大的文学社团

"文协"是抗战时期中国作家和艺术家为了团结抗敌和宣传抗战精神而组织成立的社团。长期以来,人们从社会历史的角度对之加以研究甚至"误读",忽视了"文协"作为文学社团的本质特征。本文在梳理史实的基础上认为:"文协"是非政党领导的文学组织,进而从构成主体、文学主张和社团特征等方面论证了"文协"是中国现代文学史上规模最大的文学社团。

在文学大众化的道路上执着探索——延安“文协”初期的文学大众化实践论析

延安"文协"初期对文学大众化的探索主要采取两种形式:新瓶装新酒和旧瓶装新酒,前者积极利用现代文学新形式来表现新内容;后者充分挖掘旧形式来表现新内容。从文学大众化的实际效果看,旧瓶装新酒要好于新瓶装新酒。

从新见档案看国民党对“文协”的管控机制和矛盾态度

笔者新近在中国第二历史档案馆馆藏档案中发现了一批有关“文协”的档案材料,其中包括“文协”与政府机关的关系机制及其演变,“文协”拟在各地成立分会的申报材料及各地党政部门的反馈电文,以及“文协”向国民党中央社会部申请经费补助的相关材料等。在结合相关报刊材料等既有研究成果的前提下,这批此前大多未曾公开的档案文献对于了解“文协”成立初期的活动计划和国民党不同时期对于“文协”的管理部门、方式及效果,有着重要的补遗作用。一直以来,对于“文协”的“左”“右”属性或者说“文协”同国民党的关系问题都存在争论。而这批官方档案文献的特殊意义在于,其自身的政府视角可以直观反映出抗战时期国民党官方对待“文协”的态度,尤其是其对“文协”管控有余而支持不足的矛盾心理,这也是“文协”此后对国民党政府逐渐疏离、失望继而转向的原因之一。

Context-driven reconciliation in ontology integration

In order to solve the semantic irreconcilable problems caused by contextual differences during the process of ontology integration, a context-driven reconciliation mechanism is proposed. The mechanism is based on the previous work about a context-based formalism-Context-SHOIQ （D ＋ ） DL, which is used for explicitly representing context of ontology by adopting the description logic and the category theory. The formalism is extended by adding four migration rules （InclusionRule, SelectionRule, PreferenceRule, and MappingRule）, that are used to specify what should be imported into the IntegrativeContext, and three related contextual integration operations of increasing interoperability （import, partial reconciliation, and full reconciliation）. While not exhaustive, the mechanism is sufficient for solving the five types of semantic irreconcilable problems that are discussed, and favors integration of ontologies from one context to another.

台湾作家许地山抗日爱国思想与活动述论

许地山是无论在大陆和台湾都享有盛誉的作家、学者。抗战期间,他的小说、散文、杂文等作品,表现出强烈的抗日爱国精神;他积极参加抗日救亡活动,为推动香港抗战文艺运动、保护赴港人士、保存珍贵文物作出了重要贡献;其爱国精神深深植根于台南抗日世家的熏陶、五四新文化运动的沐浴和悠久的中国文化传统的滋养。

Experimental Evaluation of TCP and ICMP in Network Measurement

Network measurement is an important approach to understand network behaviors, which has been widely studied. Both Transfer Control Protocol （TCP） and Interact Control Messages Protocol （ICMP） are applied in network measurement, while investigating the differences between the measured results of these two protocols is an important topic that has been less investigated. In this paper, to compare the differences between TCP and ICMP when they are used in measuring host connectivity, RTT, and packet loss rate, two groups of comparison programs have been designed, and after careful evaluation of the program parameters, a lot of comparison experiments are executed on the Internet. The experimental results show that, there are significant differences between the host connectivity measured using TCP or ICMP; in general, the accuracy of connectivity measured using TCP is 20%- 30% higher than that measured using ICMP. The case of RTT and packet loss rate is complicated, which are related to path loads and destination host loads. While commonly, the RTF and packet loss rate＂ measured using TCP or ICMP are very close. According to the experimental results, some advices are also given on protocol selection for conducting accurate connectivity, RTF and packet loss rate measurements.

FPGA BASED REAL-TIME VIDEO IMAGE ACQUISITION AND STORAGE SYSTEM

To overcome the traditional disadvantages, an improved FPGA-core based real-time video image acqui- sition and storage system is designed. The modular designed by Verilog programming is used for video decoding of A/D configuration, video image capturing logic control and image storage logic control modules. And IDE in- terface bard disk as storage medium and FAT32 file system as record form are used for real-time image storage. Experimental results show that the system has the advantages of strong real-time capability, high integration, powerful storage, easy expansibility and so on.

HAS Dynamic Buffer-Driven Resource Management to Enhance QoE in Mobile Network

Hypertext transfer protocol(HTTP) adaptive streaming(HAS) plays a key role in mobile video transmission. Considering the multi-segment and multi-rate features of HAS, this paper proposes a buffer-driven resource management(BDRM) method to enhance HAS quality of experience(QoE) in mobile network. Different from the traditional methods only focusing on base station side without considering the buffer, the proposed method takes both station and client sides into account and end user's buffer plays as the drive of whole schedule process. The proposed HAS QoE influencing factors are composed of initial delay, rebuffering and quality level. The BDRM method decomposes the HAS QoE maximization problem into client and base station sides separately to solve it in multicell and multi-user video playing scene in mobile network. In client side, the decision is made based on buffer probe and rate request algorithm by each user separately. It guarantees the less rebuffering events and decides which HAS segment rate to fetch. While, in the base station side, the schedule of wireless resource is made to maximize the quality level of all access clients and decides the final rate pulled from HAS server. The drive of buffer and twice rate request schemes make BDRMtake full advantage of HAS's multi-segment and multi-rate features. As to the simulation results, compared with proportional fair(PF), Max C/I and traditional HAS schedule(THS) methods, the proposed BDRM method decreases rebuffering percent to 1.96% from 11.1% with PF and from 7.01% with THS and increases the mean MOS of all users to 3.94 from 3.42 with PF method and from 2.15 with Max C/I method. It also guarantees a high fairness with 0.98 from the view of objective and subjective assessment metrics.

The development of an evidence-informed Convergent Care Theory:Working together to achieve optimal health outcomes

Background Healthcare is a complex and divergent system with uncertainty,unpredictability,and multi-layered stakeholders.The relationships among the stakeholders are multifaceted and dynamic,requiring continual interpersonal connections,networks,and co-evolution.It is pivotal to have an evidence-informed theory to explain the phenomenon,uniting the multifaceted stakeholders’efforts.Purpose To describe the development of an evidence-informed theory,the Convergent Care Theory,assembling healthcare stakeholders to work together and achieve optimal health outcomes.Methods The Convergent Care Theory was developed using a theory synthesis approach based on empirical research and literature reviews published by the theory-proposing author.The empirical evidence was categorized into:patients and families,healthcare providers,healthcare organizations,and patients’and healthcare providers’self-care.Results The Convergent Care Theory includes four concepts:all-inclusive organizational care,healthcare professional collaborative care,person-centered precision care,and patients’and healthcare providers’self-care.Achieving convergent care is a process requiring all stakeholders to work together.Six major facilitators emerged from the research evidence:competence,compassion,accountability,trusting,sharing,and engaging.Conclusion This article introduced the development process of the evidence-informed Convergent Care Theory.Healthcare systems are complex,with multiple stakeholders’needs to meet.The Convergent Care Theory strives to unite healthcare stakeholders,bond resources,and join forces to achieve optimal healthcare outcomes.The underpinning of the theory is a caring culture,which is an underlying code for organizational and team behaviors and the foundation of optimal health outcomes.

Confucius Institute to Be Opened in Argentina

Lalo Classic Opera The King Duration:April 3rd-April 6th,2008 Avenue:National Grand Theater-Opera House Ticket Price:R MB 180/380/580/880/1080/1380 Performer:Theatre National de Toulouse of France Composer:Edouard Lalo(French) Conductor:Michel Plasson(French) Edouard Lalo composed for a wide variety of forms, including stage,symphony orchestra,and chamber music. Unfortunately,his stature outside his homeland rests almost entirely on one spectacular violin showpiece,the Symphonie Espagnole.Within France,however,he is noted for his other works as well,including a single operatic masterpiece'Le Roi D'Ys'(the King of the legendary city of Ys).Lalo himself considered this work to be his greatest work.

The Argumentation for Contemporary Peacemaking Efforts According to Jewish Tradition

Peace is a key concept in the Jewish tradition; it has a long history. It is also an extremely broad concept. The present article takes on the subject of contemporary peace between Israel and her neighbors, addressing the issue from the vantage point of Judaism. While opinions on many issues are divided in Judaism today, all streams within the Jewish tradition uphold the concept of peace. Even so, each stream supports a somewhat different version of this ideal, subject to different limitations or reservations. One of the most serious challenges which Judaism today faces in connection with the State of Israel is the issue of exchanging territories for peace. The goal of the present paper is to show that while most approaches rooted in traditional Judaism have opposed such an exchange, Israel＇s religious political parties have endorsed it, advancing different arguments in support of their view. The method followed in the present paper is to study the arguments which have been used in support of peace agreements based on return or exchange of land. In light of the arguments put forth in the paper, to be counted among the accomplishments is a greater degree of openness--even on the part of the religious sector in Israel--toward the effort to achieve peace between Israel and her neighbors.

Context-Oriented Multi-RAT User Association and Resource Allocation with Triple Decision in 5G Heterogeneous Networks

In the upcoming 5 G heterogeneous networks, leveraging multiple radio access technologies(RATs) shows to be a crucial issue in achieving RAT multiplexing gain to meet the explosive traffic demand. For always best connection(ABC), users tend to activate parallel transmission across all available RATs. However from a system-wide perspective, this might not be optimal given the context of network load, interference and diverse service requirements. To intelligently determine how to use these multi-RAT access resources concurrently, this paper proposes a joint multi-RAT user association and resource allocation strategy with triple decision and integrated context awareness of users and networks. A dynamic game based ant colony algorithm(GACA) is designed to simultaneously maximize the system utility and the fairness of resource allocation. Simulation results show that it's more reasonable to make multi-RAT association decision from a system-wide viewpoint than from an individual one. Compared to max-SNR based and ABC based strategies, the proposed method alleviates network congestion and optimizes resource allocation. It obtains 39%~70% performance improvement.

Sharing Culture and Belonging Through Cross-Cultural Collaborative Painting

The topic of this paper is animals in painting and the investigative process undertaken by the artist Vanessa Barbay during her practice--led Ph.D.. Her aim was to discover a way to present deceased animals that retained their agency as individuals by challenging the objectifying nature of representation. The foundation of this method was the collaboration between artist and dead animal subjects through harnessing the natural decomposition of the subject in order to generate their image. A related stream of Barbay＇s research was learning about the art and culture of Kunwinjku speaking artists living in Kunbarlanja Western Amhem Land where artists have painted images of animals on rock shelters and on bark from ancient through to contemporary times. The significance of their form of animal representation is a mythopoeic relationship between locally found pigments and animal bodies. Paintings are considered as collaboration between matter, subject, and artist, which Barbay extends in her current work centred on collaborative painting involving more than one artist.

Multicultural Women＇s Views on the First World War in Virginia Woolf＇ s Mrs. Dalloway

This year highlights the centenary of the outbreak of World War I and this paper aims at comparing and contrasting multicultural views on the First World War in Virginia Woolf＇s Mrs. Dalloway （1925）. The views on the First War are portrayed by a plurality of voices, most of which are women＇s, and they allow readers to think of the war experience in a more subjective but also more plural way. In this novel, voices from both sides of the First War resonate, i.e., the hegemonic side of the war--the Allies--is compared and contrasted to the subjectivity of the voices of the ＂others＂--the Axis, although they do not necessarily work in harmony. Such innovation in point of view has, in great part, contributed to converging story and history, allowing this literary work to partake in the production of historical knowledge and cultural memory of the War.

Measuring Social Capital Linkage： The Role of the State-Based Voluntary Professional Association

This paper discusses the nature of the Australian bus and coach representative environment and the role of the state-based voluntary professional association （SBVPA）. A literature review associated with memberships to which businesses subscribe for representation and linking social capital is presented, as well as a discussion on agency theory that possibly explains the member/association dynamic. The results of an Australia-wide survey of bus operators, which measures the extent of linking social capital between themselves and their SBVPA, are revealed. It is found that one state with consistently higher results may possess a competitive advantage in the form of a partnership agreement with the State Government Authority--an agreement that rests on co-operation and facilitates social capital. This evidence could contribute to the global narrative on how non-profit associations can be a mechanism for institutionalising social capital, sustain a firm＇s operation and encourage governments to increase their use of non-profit associations, as agents of government, to achieve public policy outcomes.

Key Account： The Negotiating Process

This research plans to evaluate the changes and evolutions from the real world of key account management compared to literature review： How decisions are taken, what processes help to be successful on tenders, how to cooperate on a world basis, what methods facilitate conclusions. This work looks for a measure of evolution and changes during a negotiation process by KAM compared to existing literature research. Key account negotiators take strategic dimensions into account when starting a negotiation process. They measure the cost of negotiations, help their clients to position themselves properly, and develop partnerships. In general, researchers are more interested in organization and clients than in integrated processes. The process analysis is built on an in-depth analysis of Key Account Management （KAM） on three matters： an in-depth interview of 20 Key Account Managers from such companies as Air Liquide, Matra, Alcatel, GEC Alstom, Bull, EADS, PPG, an advertising agency and Omnicom on prospecting, partnerships, client’s effectiveness optimization, client’s qualification, lobbies, networks, international accounts. This research shows how KAM faces complex situations, how training and monitoring bring solutions to difficult situations, how information is managed through transparency relationships, TV shows, press media, information from shows and fairs, competitors evaluation. This work conceptualizes the KAM negotiation process and permits to managers to identify the different negotiation steps from their numerous mutual professional witnesses. The number of companies could have been larger, but we interviewed each salesperson in depth. Future work on key account salespeople should consider the following subjects： influence of KAM on tenders. Which ethical steps KAM can take with client companies to improve results. Innovation perception by clients is as a tool for success.

抗战时期文艺奖助与作家救济见微——从新见档案看文艺奖助金管理委员会的机制、成效与局限

在“文协”等文艺界人士的呼吁之下,同时也为凝聚文艺作家力量以利抗战宣传,国民党政府将保障战时作家生活、写作和抗战权利事宜纳入了战时救助机制。在此背景下,文艺奖助金管理委员会成为战时保障作家生活运动的重要一环,并在老舍等“文协”人士的参与下在奖助、救济文艺作家方面取得了一定的成效。但伴随着“文奖会”的改制改隶及经费投入不足,最终未能避免虎头蛇尾的结局。文艺界出于团结抗战建立起来的对于国民政府的信任和期望也在此过程中逐渐减损。

Status quo, problems and suggestions on the self built database in the domestic library consortia

Through the online survey of 100 samples of the domestic library consortia, this paper analyzes and compares the number of the self-built databases of the library consortia, the standards and specifications of building the databases, the contents of the databases, the sharing principles, the management mechanisms and the effectiveness of the result displaying, and points out the problems existing in the self-built databases of the domestic library consortia and puts forward the countermeasures.

Major Function Oriented Zone: New Method of Spatial Regulation for Reshaping Regional Development Pattern in China

Newest planning methods implemented by Chinese government are promoting a coordinated regional development and shaping an orderly spatial structure by applying the regulation of territorial function. This article analyzes the problems of spatial planning and regional strategy caused by the wrongly-set primary goal of economic development; it states that the three-fold objective of competitiveness, sustainability, and welfare fairness shall be the principal for China to implement the spatial regulation in the new era; it discusses about theoretical thoughts and technology framework of conducting the ′Major Function Oriented Zone′ based on their different major functions that each region plays in urbanization and industrialization, ecological constructions, grain productions, and protection of natural and cultural heritages; it introduces the new concept of ′Major Function Oriented Zone′ that include the major functions category, the stereo regional equilibrium mode, the two-level zoning specification, and the territorial development intensity; it offers a zoning scheme that defines development-optimized and development-prioritized zones as regions with massive urbanization and industrialization, development-restricted zones as ecological constructing or grain producing regions, development-prohibited zones as natural and cultural heritage protecting regions; and finally it addresses the main obstacle for implementing ′Major Function Oriented Zone′, which is the institutional arrangement of the supreme goal of high GDP growth rate that is currently being implemented.

A Humanist God？ On the troubled Relationship Between Humanism and Religion Today

The relationship between humanism and religion has always been difficult, since the Renaissance. If we look at the Humanist Associations active today in the world, we find that the relationship has become almost a declared war. Religion appears to be the greatest enemy of humanism, i.e., of the humanity. Authentic humanism seems to be exclusively secular and atheistic： you can do good only if there is no God. In this contribution I look at some programmatic documents of Humanist Associations to understand the reasons for this contrast, in the background of secularization. The result is that some criticisms of religion -- its potential for violence and obscurantism -- are historically and theoretically justifiable but partial. Indeed, they show a poor and narrow vision of religion that leads to a narrow view of the human experience. A more complex vision of man requires a more complex vision of religion. A complex vision of man includes the most ＂irrational＂ and enigmatic aspects of our being, as love, death, pain, desire, imagination and even freedom and creativity. On this basis we can appropriately understand the historical and existential role of religion. Otherwise, if God is the one painted by humanists, God would not be good, let alone a good humanist.