从“文苑传”到“文学史”——钱基博与近现代“文学”学科的生成

20世纪二三十年代,钱基博在写作系列文学史论著时,首先思考的问题是,"文学史"书写关注的核心是什么;文学史、文学、文之间的关系如何。钱氏指出,近现代学科体系中的"文学史"与中国学术传统中的"文苑传"存在根本区别:传统的"文苑传"以生产文学作品的"人"为中心,"文学史"则以知识本身为核心,关注的是"文"这一类知识。钱基博还从理论上探讨了文学的本体、"文学史"的书写范式等问题。钱基博结合中国学术传统中的相关概念,将现代"文学"学科分为三个层面:文——零散的知识,"文学"——"文"这一类知识的谱系归属,"文学史"——"文"及"文学"等构建起来的知识统系。由此,钱基博清楚地厘定了"文学"学科的研究本体及"文学史"关注的主体,对现代"文学"学科的生成起到了重要的推动作用。

钱基博与近现代“文学”学科的生成与定型

钱基博力图在近代出现的'文学'学科与古代学术传统之间建立起一种对话关系。钱氏深入探讨了'文苑传'与'文学史'、'文史'与'文学史'的区别,确定了现代'文学'学科研究的本体是'文学'这一类知识,而非生产文学作品的'人'。钱基博的系列文学史以常态的方式关注诗、赋等主流文学样式,这正提醒学界,由传统的'辞章'到现代的'文学'这种概念与观念的转变、由'文苑传'到'文学史'这种书写方式的调整,并不意味着学术研究进程的断裂,'文学'学科有着'相对稳定的研究对象','并拥有足够清楚、自律和坚固的历史逻辑'。钱基博的系列文学史著作从理论上探讨了文学研究及文学的本体、'文学史'的书写范式等问题,对现代'文学'学科的生成和定型起到了重要的推动作用。

System theory, comparative literature and literature： Analysis on the interdisciplinary of comparative literature

System scientific method of comparative literature and literary methods are important tools for research, and has achieved great results. At the same time, there are also between the two great. However, the introduction of the system of science in the field of literature the time did not find this in-depth, more often, literary vision of the researchers brought in a gesture to the use of the traditional ＂three＂ for the general on the system from deep point of view, reflecting the natural sciences and humanities disciplines distinction, when compared with literature has developed to a certain extent, then look at the system theory and literature, as well as cross-discipline of comparative literature. The correlation between the internal, inter-for integration, the development of comparative literature has a certain degree of reflection.

简论马尔库塞关于当代西方社会革命力量的观点

马尔库塞通过对西方发达工业社会的工人阶级、青年学生、知识分子和一些亚阶级的分析,认为工人阶级由于被资本主义社会同化不再是当代资本主义社会革命的主力,而把革命的希望寄托在青年学生、知识分子和一些亚阶级身上。马尔库塞对当代资本主义社会的矛盾和革命力量的分析有失于偏颇和片面,但他的观点在一定程度上反映了发达工业社会革命的现实境况,有助于我们对现代社会革命的全面和深入认识。

基于小波消噪的EMD模型在GPS振动信号处理中的应用

经验模式分解和小波分解是当前有效处理非平稳信号的两种时频分析方法,它们各具有其优缺点,适用于不同的应用。从对GPS振动信号的预处理、时域和频域处理入手,结果分析表明,对GPS振动信号先进行小波滤波消除随机噪声的干扰,再应用经验模式分解更有利于变形特征信息的分离和提取,提取的信号与振动平台记录数据更加吻合。

Review and prospects: in celebration of the 20th anniversary of Journal of Southeast University (English Edition)

The twenty years history of Journal of Southeast University (English Edition) and its significant achievements are briefly reviewed. Based on the experiences accumulated over its twenty years, some suggestions for improving the quality of this English-language academic journal are proposed, including focusing on the report of the excellent disciplines of its sponsoring university, attracting high-level papers by giving the priority of publication, publishing special issues for experts and scholars at home and abroad, shortening publication period, and realizing the internationalization of the members of the editorial committee, etc.

English Forum on Medical Humanities of SMMU:An interdisciplinary innovative teaching practice

To conform to the college English teaching reform from English for General Purposes (EGP) to English for Academic Purposes (EAP) in the vital transfer era, the Foreign Language Department of Second Military Medical University (SMMU) launched an English for Medical Academic Purpose (EMAP) curriculum with English Forum on Medical Humanities (EFMH), a project-based teaching practice. Based on Rogers' learner-centered humanistic teaching approach which emphasizes students' involvement and experiences in learning, EFMH puts students and their practice in a central place. After four-year exploration and operation, the Forum has developed from a small-scaled embryo into an internationalized, standardized and professionalized event, having produced fruitful outcomes. It is expected that the success of EFMH will provide inspiring experiences and enlightenments for higher medical education in terms of academic English teaching and teachers' responsibilities to foster high-quality medical students.

Top-cited Articles in Chemical Engineering in Science Citation Index Expanded:A Bibliometric Analysis

This study aimed to identify and to analyze characteristics of top-cited articles published in the Web of Science chemical engineering subject category from 1899 to 2011.Articles that have been cited more than 100 times were assessed regarding publication outputs,and distribution of outputs in journals.Five bibliometric indicators were used to evaluate source countries,institution and authors.A new indicator,Y-index,was created to assess quantity and quality of contribution to articles.Results showed that 3828 articles,published between 1931 and 2010,had been cited at least 100 times.Among them 54% published before 1991,and 49% top-cited articles originated from US.The top eight productive institutions were all located in US.The top journals were Journal of Catalysis,AIChE Journal,Chemical Engineering Science and Journal of Membrane Science.Y-index was successfully applied to evaluate publication character of authors,institutions,and countries/regions.

Bakhtin＇s Ideas About Dialogue as a Research Method： An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Literature

Russian language and literature theorist Mikhail Bakhtin （1895-1975） is an expert of carnivalized literature. In Rabelais and His Worm （1984） and Problems of Dostoevsky＇s Poetics （1987）, Bakhtin has shown how Rabelais＇ and Dostoevsky＇s vision of the world is turned to the artistic way of seeing. The author of this paper has studied a novel and its connection to a writer＇s world view by using the theory of Bakhtin. The purpose of this paper is to show how the author has used Bakhtin＇s ideas and perspectives in her study. The subject of the author＇s doctoral dissertation is Finnish author Algot Untola （1868-1918）, who published whole his ambiguous production by using pen names. Main research data are Untola＇s early works which include novels and newspaper articles that are written in the years 1906-1909. The research problem has been whether Untola＇s first novel Harhama （1909） carnivalized literature or not. The study has revealed that Untola＇s carnivalesque writings opposed the Finnish nationalist official culture. In previous study it has not been seen, because has not been taken into account his world view and its close relationship with the folk＇s unofficial laughing culture.

Contribution of ecotourism to poverty alleviation in Nyanga,Zimbabwe

This paper assesses the contribution of ecotourism to local communities and the environment.Livelihoods of local communities are examined to understand the socioeconomic situation of people living in proximity to ecotourism areas and their participation in ecotourism activities. The impact of ecotourism on the environment in Nyanga is also examined. The paper employs both literature review(secondary data) and a field survey(primary data) to achieve these objectives. To gather socioeconomic data of households and tourist traits, questionnaires were administered to120 households and 30 tourists in the study area. Key informant interviews were held in the survey to gather expert knowledge about ecotourism trends and environmental data in the area.Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Descriptive and inferential analyses were used for quantitative data while content and structural-functional analyses were used for qualitative data. The research revealed that ecotourism offers the highest salaries when compared to other sources of formal employment. Ecotourism activities were shown to positively impact the environment through the protection, preservation, and management of natural resources. The study concludes that ecotourism is a useful and sustainable poverty alleviation strategy which has not yet been fully exploited in Zimbabwe.

The Terminal Value （TV） Performing in Firm Valuation： The Gap of Literature and Research Agenda

The uncertainty about the future of firms must be modeled and incorporated in the valuation of enterprises outside the explicit period of analysis, i.e., in the continuing or terminal value （TV）. There is a multiplicity of factors that influence the TV of firms which are not being considered within current evaluation models. This aspect leads to the incurring of unrecoverable errors, thus leading to values of goodwill or bad will far away from the substantial value of intrinsic assets. As a consequence, the evaluation results will be presented markedly different from market values. There is no consensus in the scientific community about the method of computation of the TV as a forecast in an infinite horizon. The size of the terminal, or non-explicit period, assumed as infinite, is never called into question by scientific literature, or the probability of business bankruptcy. This paper aims to promote a study of the existing literature on the TV, to highlight the fragility of the evaluation models of companies that have been used by the academic community and by financial analysts, and to point out lines for future research to minimize these errors.

Prospects for the Development of English and American Literature Teaching Humanistic Ideas under Development Context

College Students humanity is system engineering, the Anglo-American cultural programs alone cannot achieve their goals. China＇ s higher education in the humanities education not only just focuses on the shortcomings of professional knowledge but the bigger problem is ignored by expertise in spiritual and cultural aspects of education, the performance of neglect scientific spirit and scientific literacy education, professional education and social neglect. We should deal with the problem of natural, human self-development and other relations. However, if each subject can be human spirit through to professional education, then we move to improve college humanities goal with one-step further.

Ottoman Mathematicians and Astronomers

The article deals with the scientists in the Ottoman Empire. The readers will get interesting information about the life and practices of those who dedicated their whole life to the development of science, such as Ottoman mathematicians and astronomer Rumi Kadizade from Bursa, Ali Kushchu, Mirim Chalabi, Takiyuddin Bin Maruf-i, Gelenbevi Ismail Efendi, Hoca Ishak Efendi, and Huseyin Tevfik Pasha.

Nomenclature for lunar features at the Chang＇e-3 landing site

Nomenclatures for lunar features always accompany the progresses of human lunar exploration,which has an important dual meaning in culture and science. The naming of lunar features not only can commemorate the outstanding contributions of academics,masters in various fields, and popularize the traditional cultures of ethnic groups all over the world, but also have a critical function of providing accurate indicative information on features with special morphology, origin, nature and scientific value. However, nomenclature for features at the Chang'e-3 landing site, which has a more arbitrary form without many constrains posed by a uniformed system, is unlike the features for other morphological units.This paper originated from the actual needs for the description of scientific exploration activities, interpretation of scientific research and dissemination of scientific results. Some prominent morphological units with great scientific importance and identification purpose were chosen from the images taken by the terrain camera, panorama cameras and landing camera onboard the Chang'e lander and Yutu rover. A nomenclature system was established under the three enclosures, four quadrants and twenty-eight lunar lodges' system of the Chinese ancient sky division method. Finally, a standard feature names set waspublished after some necessary approval procedures by the International Astronomical Union.

Science and Sensibility： A Restudy of Snow＇s ＂The Two Cultures＂ in The Masters

Charles Percy Snow declared his influential Rede Lecture, ＂The Two Cultures＂, in 1959. In his famous lecture, he told us that the most powerful revolutionary force in the world today is science, science is essentially progressive, and the scientific culture is also a newer one. So Snow, after excluding scientific culture from the whole culture, calls the rest of the whole culture traditional culture. In his opinion, science is more important than humanities. All these ideas are faithfully reflected in his earlier literary work The Masters （1972b）. Snow＇s favor toward men of sciences in the novel is self-evident. ＂The Masters, therefore, may be considered as a political science novel rather than as a political novel＂. It was the Industrial Revolution which created our sensibility

Specificity and Semantic Horizon of the Human Sciences from the Viewpoint of Bakhtin＇s Metalinguistics

This article explores the potential resources of the Bakhtin＇s theory of dialogism and its core concepts for the development of the philosophy and methodology of the human sciences. Focusing on Bakhtin＇s late essays： ＂The Problem of the Text in Linguistics, Philology, and the Human Sciences; From Notes Made in 1970-71;＂ and ＂Toward a Methodology for the Human Sciences,＂ the author deals with such concepts as sense, semantic whole, superaddressee, the third, and outsideness. Metalinguistics is interpreted as a philosophical approach to the problems of humanities methodology. The specifics of the human sciences, which Bakhtin put to the question, are described in comparison and correlation with the natural sciences. The author elaborates the idea of the communicative three-part relationship or trilogue （as a development of the dialogue）. The role of the superaddressee as the third participant of the trilogue between the researcher （the subject） and the text （the object） is discussed. The notion semantic whole and its implementation in the process of the sense＇s becoming （development） are analyzed.

Human Rights and Nanotechnologies： Limits and Possibilities Between Technological Innovation and Rights of the Human

Nanotechnology currently represents one of the most fascinating human discoveries. With creativity, nanotechnology looks for increasingly smaller spaces in nature to meet the needs and interests of the individuals and of the society. Considering that the researches aim to create techniques to move and combine atoms and molecules, a question arises, how will these atoms and molecules behave in the new arrangement. This is the great challenge and this article attempts to bring some benefits to the subiect. It also intends to bring the human sciences, particularly law, to the scenery of this scientific revolution. The lack of regulatory frameworks does not allow humans to search and produce anything without limits. Thus, human rights should be considered an ethical foundation for nanotechnology discoveries, as they represent the ＂rights＂ that, at least, humans should have respected.

Offering English and American Literature Optional Courses to Enhance Humanistic Qualities of Students in Universities of Science and Technology

Recently, the universities of science and technology pay more attention to their own specialized subjects and tak, little notice of humanities. This phenomenon results in the weakness of college students＇ humanistic qualities, Therefore, cultivating and enhancing students＇ humanistic qualities in universities of science and technolog become the main issues that are viewed intensively by the current educational circles. This paper analyzes th, current situation of English and American literature optional courses in universities of science and technolog3, gives the importance of offering the optional courses of English and American literature, and analyzes the activ roles and important significance of optional courses of English and American literature in the course of humanisti qualities of students in universities of science and technology. This paper also gives the necessities and ne~ methods of giving the optional courses of English and American literature under the circumstances of colleg, English teaching reform

Advanced Research Projects in the Humanities： New Trends on Literature, Languages, and Linguistics Studies

Following the author＇s own experiencing in supervising Ph.D. theses in literature, languages, linguistics, and teacher education, the author will focus on new trends of advanced research projects that have been contributing to reinforce the importance of research in these areas in a time of crisis in the humanities. The organization and funding of science and scholarship in Europe has been promoting anything else but social sciences research, including educational areas. The author will follow the recent call from the Board of Trustees da Academia Europaea to redirect policies toward the organization of multidisciplinary research projects. Among these so-called ＂small subjects＂, we will find original, inspired, and valuable research projects in the humanities, It is worth mentioning that the crisis that has been diminishing this type of scholarship strangely cohabits with several policies promoted by the European Commission and the Council of Europe to develop programs for plurilingual education and linguistic diversity, new framework strategies for multilingualism, and the use of new technologies for language teaching and learning. A strong emphasis on research projects leading to interdisciplinary studies involving literature and pure sciences, plus the development of outreach research projects will be proposed.

Intercultural Dialogue in the Teaching of Pope Benedict XVI

This paper is devoted to intercultural dialogue from the point of view of Pope Benedict XVI （pontificate between 2005 and 2013）. It presents pontifical documents, statements, and speeches dedicated to this issue as well as the conclusions resulting from them. The aim of the paper is to prove that intercultural dialogue and interreligious dialogue are within the context of a new scientific discipline--political science of religion--which deals with the issues of relations between the sphere of religion and the sphere of politics. Intercultural dialogue is tightly connected to interreligious dialogue. Interreligious and intercultural dialogue allows to create the world based on brotherhood and reconciliation. They are the foundation of the future, an effective tool to build a civilization of love and they are born out of God＇s mercy.