花山岩画之“纹”与骆越“文身”关系辨析——“左江花山岩画研究”系列论文之四

花山岩画研究深化拓展的一个重要途径就是将其放置在特定时空语境下骆越文化多维构成系统中作整体观,骆越文身应该成为花山岩画研究不可或缺的重要一环,两者极有可能存在相辅相成、互为作用的双向同构关系。通过辨析画之"纹"与画之"文"逻辑,厘清"文"通"纹"关联,探溯基于图腾信仰与原始巫术而产生的文化符号意义,寻踪两者渊源缘起之彼此关系,旨在探究花山岩画与骆越文身的文化契合点与生长点。

请勿以误非正——“文身”与“纹身”辨正

贵刊2005年第12期发表的付绍文老师的《初中文言文注释商榷》中有这样一个自然段：

“被发文身”正义

“被发文身”指披散头发,身上刺花纹;“被”不可释为“剪断”、“截短”,《淮南子·原道训》“被发文身”高诱注“被,翦也”不足为据。

是"文身",还是"纹身"?

文身是一种很古老的流行于世界各地的习俗，如今，随着人们审美观念的多元化发展，又渐渐地在年轻人中流行起来。于是，“文身”一词频繁地在报刊上出现，但同时出现的还有“纹身”这种写法。请看下面的例子：

阴差阳错成为林蜜

林书豪在网络上晒出了自己新添的中文名“文身”．而他这么做竟是为了一名女球迷一个ID为StarlightSchematic的reddit女网友发帖称．大约两个月前她意外地在自己的脚踝上得到“林书豪”．然而当时他根本没有听过林书豪名字．甚至感觉自己被耍了。

Being Chinese in Lived Intercultural Experiences:A Discourse Analysis of Chinese Undergraduates’Perceptions of Chinese Culture

The current study investigates a group of Chinese undergraduates’perceptions of Chinese culture.It examines the discourses that the students drew on to assign meaning to Chinese culture and how the students used these discourses in constructing their Chinese cultural identity.A qualitative study was conducted collecting written self-reflective reports on critical intercultural incidents from 39 Chinese undergraduates at a university in Beijing.Questions designed to evoke reports from the students had them describe incidents in their past intercultural experiences that made them acutely aware of themselves“being Chinese”and specify aspects of Chinese culture that they felt such awareness could be attributed to.A discourse analysis reveals the multiplicity and contextuality of the students’notions of Chinese culture.The findings raise important considerations for contemporary Chinese undergraduates’cultural identity and their much debated“identity crisis.”

“Even I Can Do It”:Chinese Ethnolinguistic Minority Learners’Investment in Creative Writing and Its Impact

Although much is known about the benefits of providing creative writing courses to English learners, little research is available on Chinese ethnolinguistic minority learners’ creative writing in formal education. In response, this ethnographic study explored three ethnolinguistic minority learners’ engagement with a three-month elective English creative writing course at a Chinese university. Data(drafts, interviews, and reflection) were analyzed to reveal the three learners’ investment in creative writing and its impact. It was found that creative writing helped the learners to develop more confident writer identities, that they became more proficient in writing, and that their language proficiency also grew. The study suggests creative writing can serve as identity texts,which reflect back on their emergent creative writer identity, and can be a beneficial pedagogical option for ethnolinguistic minority learners.

“女性写作”的中国之旅——后女性主义关键词“écriture féminine”的译介研究

"écriture féminine"一词是后女性主义批评理论的关键词之一,自从1992年被译介到中国以来就拥有多种译名。学界就这些译名的讨论也非常热烈,其中最激烈的两场争论是"écriture féminine"这个具有西方理论背景的概念与"女性文学"这个中国文学传统中的概念的碰撞,其二是"écriture féminine"与90年代"躯体写作""身体写作"的争论。

Physical activity,sedentary behaviors,physical fitness,and their relation to health outcomes in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes:A review of the epidemiologic literature

Diabetes is a leading chronic disease of childhood and adolescence. In addition to the well-known auto-immune, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus （type 1 diabetes （T 1D））, the past two decades have witnessed the emergence of type 2 diabetes （T2D） in children and adolescents, which previously was only seen in middle-aged or older adults. One of the key components of diabetes management is physical activity （PA）. The beneficial effects of increased PA and decreased sedentary behavior are extremely important in youth with diabetes because of the markedly increased long-term risk of cardiovascular disease in this population compared to persons without diabetes. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the epidemiologic, observational research published and listed in PubMed between 1970 and 2012 on PA and sedentary behaviors, as well as physical fitness in children and adolescents with T1D and T2D. Additionally, we describe briefly the state of knowledge on perceived barriers of PA in persons with diabetes, with a focus on hypoglycemia. Finally, we provide an overview of the epidemiological literature pertaining to health benefits of increased PA in youth with TID and T2D and briefly discuss the topic of exercise-related hypoglycemia, Copyright ~ 2012, Shanghai University of Sport. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Ethics of Touch in Women Travellers＇ First Encounters With Foreign Ethnicities

This paper compares 18th and 19th century travelogues written by women and men travelling the cultural contact zones of the empire, as well as fictional recreations of such first encounters. A juxtaposition of the writers＇ reaction to the dynamics of gazing and the ethics of touch yields surprising results. Many women travellers have no problem to acknowledge the reciprocity of the gaze, accepting, as a matter of course, that the objects of their ethnological interest will gaze at them in return. In comparison, male travellers often exhibit unease at becoming an object of appraisal and observation. Even more interestingly, male travellers often shy away from haptic contact with members of the indigenous population, whereas many （though not all） women are more tolerant of touch and proximity. Regarded as ＂unwomanly＂ by their contemporaries, they carved out for themselves roles which allowed for a more intimate interaction with foreign ethnicities; also, they wrote in different genres--private memoirs instead of official reports. But even in their （semi） fictional writings male authors seem to imagine inter-cultural encounters in different terms from women and tend not let their protagonists enter into close bodily contact with the indigenous population.

Core Conceptions of the Theory of Self-cultivation in East Asian Confucian Philosophy

The present study examines the four core concepts that underpin the various theories of cultivation of East Asian Confucian philosophy： self （ji,已）, cultivation （xiu, 修）, transformation （hua, 化）, and nurture （yang,餋）. The discussion is divided into six sections. The first section, the introduction, explains the significance of the issue in question. The second section examines the substantial notion of ＂self＂ as expounded in the Confucian intellectual tradition and the corresponding concept of selthood or personhood. Confucianism stresses that （1） personal selthood is based on the freedom of subjectivity （subjective volition）, and （2） society＇s values and norms originate in this freedom of subjectivity. The third section discusses the functional concept of cultivation, focusing on the fact that in Confucian theories the terms ＂cultivation＂ and ＂body＂ are always combined to form the concept of ＂self-cultivation.＂ Moreover, Confucian thinkers tend to discuss the effort of self-cultivation in the context of a body-mind continuum. Indeed, they often use orientational metaphors in order to describe the efforts entailed by cultivation. The fourth section analyzes the linguistic setting and context of the functional concept of transformation within Confucian philosophy of the concrete self. The term ＂transformation＂ indicates clearly that Confucian philosophy is a transformative philosophy. The fifth section analyzes the functional concept of nurture, stressing that Confucius＇ two greatest followers, Mencius and Xunzi, represent two opposed approaches to nurturing. Meneius stresses that one should undertake the effort of ＂nurturing qi,＂ that is, produce culture through natural cultivation, while Xunzi advocates artificially instilling culture in order to discipline, tame, and order nature. Mencius and Xunzi both turn to the container metaphor in their discussions of self-cultivation. The article concludes that the various cultivation activities advocated by these two disparate Confucians are based on two assumptions： （1） the self coincides with the physical body, and （2） the physical self is steeped in and interactive with the cultural values of society. In sum, the functional concept of self-cultivation is an important pillar of Confucian theories of self-cultivation.

Korean Wave： Towards Regional Cultural Diffusion？

The aim of this paper is firstly to determine if the Korean television drama Winter Sonata and its spinoffs are contributing to contemporary cross-cultural diffusion in Japan. Secondly, if cross-cultural diffusion is occurring, is it contributing to a loss of local identity？ Winter Sonata is a small but significant part of the Korean Wave and in the vanguard of Korean television drama content viewed in Japan. There have been macro political changes in East Asia, largely driven by Korea, resulting in an easing of restrictions on cross-border media trade. These in turn have progressively created a new dynamic in content and volume. The methodology used for the study is triangulation including document analysis, audience analysis, and commercial outcomes. The convergent validation derived from the three parameters advances the proposition that Winter Sonata has contributed to cultural diffusion from a Japanese perspective but not to a loss of local identity. Arguably, the process is an enriching one in East Asia reinforced by multi-lateral media trade.

Philosophy and Fiction Tattoo of the Counter-culture Crossing the Brazilian Dictatorship

This paper seeks to explore connections between some philosophical concepts and the movie Tattoo （Brazil, 2013）, directed by Hilton Lacerda. This movie approaches the Slash movies, a kind of Brazilian movies that use the humor and the mockery as ways of resistance to interrogate political, philosophical, and moral questions. The concepts of fabulation and the potency of the false will be thought in its connections with the Arts to think the force of this movie with its experimental characteristics （sound, image, performance...） in touching ethics, political, and social problems of the past and update them to think the Brazilian contemporary society. We also want to point out the possibilities of this movie operating a micro-political resistance, using the humor and irony as tools to cause effects in the reality. In Tattoo, the violence （and, the oppression itself） is fought by the tasting and experimentation of another culture providing other ways of life, enabling other effectuations and desires, even if the sanction was going to repress.

Primary Sjgren's Syndrome Accompanied by Intestinal Obstruction: a Case Report and Literature Review

SJOGREN＇S syndrome （SS） is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by the infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells in exocrine glands, especially salivary and lacrimal gland interstitium. The clinical manifestations of SS are complex. When the digestive system is involved,

Research on The Effects of The Mass Media on The Promotion of The National Fitness Campaign

This article is based on the functions and characteristics of mass media. It explores the related role of the mass media on the implementation of the national fitness program Combined with a specific case by the literature material law, expert interview law.On this basis, it puts forward the constructive path, so as to better promote the development of national fitness campaign.

Culture, Violence, and the Female Body： The Practice of Nholowemwizana Custom as a Form of Cultural Violence Amongst the Kalanga Women of Mpalawali Area in Zimbabwe

This paper is based on the interviews that the author carried out between 2005 and 2006 on the Nholowemwizana custom in Plumtree, Zimbabwe. Here the author deploys the concept of cultural violence following the peace researcher Johan Galtung, who suggested speaking of cultural violence as aspects of culture that can be used to justify or legitimize direct or structural violence, and may be exemplified by religion and ideology, language and art, empirical science and formal science （Galtung, 1969, pp. 167-191）. Using the example of the Nholowemwizana custom among the Kalanga people, the paper will highlight the extent to which women in this society have been exposed to cultural, gender based violence and direct sexual violence. However literature on Nholowemwizana is scarce in Zimbabwe. As such the paper will borrow from literature on cultural violence in general. The paper also acknowledges the fact that not all culture is violent, and that in some certain aspects of culture that permit gender based violence especially in African societies. The starting point for this paper is the question of what role cultural arguments have played in the abuse of women through the Nholowemwizana custom.

The Effects of Facilitating Vocational University＇s Web-Based Language Portfolio in Taiwan

Nowadays, language education has become increasingly focusing on the potential roles that portfolios play in language learning and teaching. However, most of the literature review tackled the implementation issues of portfolios in the language classroom and lacked of information about the ELP （European Language Portfolio） Project. In Europe, the CE （Council of Europe） promoted a series of projects for the coming of lifelong learning era. Among these projects, the CEFR （Common European Framework of Reference） and ELP projects, are two most prominent language projects in facilitating lifelong learning language. As a matter of fact, the language scholars in Taiwan are much familiar with CEFR than ELP. It is because that Taiwan Residents Ministry of Education used the CEFR as a reference framework of English proficient assessment in Taiwan. Howev experience of language learning that is founded on the principles of enhancing er, life the ELP Project provides an long learning, flexibility, and learner autonomy. This research includes two stages. During the first stage, this research aims to incorporate ELP to construct the WLP （Web-Based Language Portfolio） in Taiwan. The second stage research used the action research to examine the effects and challenges faced in the authentic Taiwan Residents EFL settings. Three teachers and 220 students participated in this research and practiced this WLP constructed from the first stage research. As a result, the research results can help to understand the process of practicing the WLP in Taiwan, and will fill the gaps by providing the outcomes for international comparison

＂Everything About You Is Vampiric＂： Vampirism as a Metaphor for Adolescent Maturation in M. T. Anderson＇s Thirsty

Over the past few years, vampire genre has populated young adult （YA） literature. YA literature can be defined as narratives about the individual growth and maturation of adolescent protagonist. Adolescence is the bridging process of growing from childhood to adulthood. Furthermore, it is a turbulent time of rapid physical growth and sexual development. It also creates a critical phase in the formation of identity. In this paper, the author shall identify the ways in which representation of adolescence in an American contemporary young adult novel, Anderson＇s Thirsty （2008）, reflects and shapes the maturation of its young protagonist. The author argues that the transformation of vampire in the novel works as a metaphor for the various changes and maturation process experienced by the protagonist in the novel. Furthermore, the author＇s discussion will be preceded by a short history of vampire narrative. The author＇s analysis is supported by psychological theories of adolescence and socio-cultural approach which focuses on the ambiguities of adolescents＇ identity. Moreover, this paper alludes a psychoanalytic reading of the symbolism of the vampire which refers to Freud＇s notions of libido and death drive The conclusion of this paper is that Anderson＇s Thirsty is a paranormal novel which positions the implied readers to understand the trials of an adolescent protagonist during his difficult time of transition from childhood to adulthood.

Research on the Effects of the Mass Media on the Promotion of the National Fitness Campaign

This article is based on the functions and characteristics of mass media. It explores the related role of the mass media on the implementation of the national fitness program Combined with a specific case by the literature material law, expert interview law.On this basis, it puts forward the constructive path, so as to better promote the development of national fitness campaign.

Jade Huang and Chinese Culture Identity： Focus on the Myth of＂Huang of Xiahoushi＂

This paper focus on the myth of ＂Huang of Xiahoushi＂ （~）：~ ~2_t~）, focusing on the distribution of Jade Huang （夏后氏之璜） since the early neolithic and its process of pluralistic integration. The paper explores the story of ethnic group, cultural identification and the significance of Jade Huang in the discourse construction of etiquette civilization behind the mythic narrative based on multi-evidence method and the local meaning of literature in ancient Chinese context.