武亿与清代中原汉学的发展

武亿是清代中原汉学群体的核心人物。他的金石学研究是清代第一次商周文字研究高潮的重要组成部分。这些研究成果甚至与民国"新汉学"具有某种内在一致性,可谓开王国维"二重证据法",乃至历史语言研究所商周研究之先声。清儒传记是研究清代学术史的重要文献,各种官修和私撰的清儒传记可以直观地体现中原汉宋学术格局、汉学入中原的过程与流变,乃至全国汉学格局的变化。

Analysis on the Application of Campus Catchword Variation to Guiding the Teaching and Leaming of College English from the Perspective of Memetics

Along with the development of new media such as film and television, the phenomenon of language variation has sprung up in the world. The variation of campus catchwords not only meets the demand of college students, and also expands with a great influence to the development of the modern Chinese language. In this paper, the application of campus catchword variation to guiding the teaching and learning of college English from the perspective of memetics is discussed and also the related reasons are analyzed.

傅斯年、史语所与现代中国史学潮流的离合

20世纪上半期是西方史学从兰克式传统史学向新史学过渡的前夕,与此同时,中国史学也正面临着一场深刻变革,"新史学"与"新汉学"的消长起伏构成此时的一道重要景观。"新史学"以社会史、民众史为主体,以社会科学为辅助方法,梁启超的"新史学"思潮、唯物史观派史学以及后来的会通史学都是这一范式的代表;植根乾嘉、外接西学的"新汉学"则重客观实证,以史料为中心,以胡适倡导的整理国故运动为主体。"新史学"与年鉴派不谋而合,代表着一种富含生机的新潮流;"新汉学"与兰克史学同调,绝非现代新潮。傅斯年主持的史语所,揭橥科学的大旗,反对发扬国学、汉学,但在学术路向上,它侧重史料搜考,传导实证学风,实质上仍归属"新汉学"的谱系。由于知识背景、门户之见和派系利益诸方面的原因,以致史语所最终与现代史学的新潮流失之交臂。