China’s Economy in the Advanced Stage of Industrialization:Tendencies and Risks

In 2010, China entered the advanced stage of industrialization, which coincided with the country＇s entry into a new stage of economic growth. However, this transition is associated with major risks, including adapting to decelerating economic growth. While recognizing the move toward a service-based economy, China must seek to prevent the risk of ＂manufacturing hollowing out. ＂＇ It must also avoid the ＂technology upgrade trap＂ while taking advantage of increasingly sophisticated industrial structures. Efforts must also be made to： （1） promote the integration of lT tools and meet risks arising from the New Industrial Revolution; （2） resolve liability risks arising from capacity reduction; and （3） expedite the transition to a functional industrial policy and prevent the failure of a functional industrial policy. In climbing up the global value chain, China must confront the competitive pressures from advanced and emerging economies on both high- and low-end processes of the global value chain.

奏鸣曲式的音乐进程及其潜在的结构——杜鸣心《小提琴协奏曲》第一乐章之曲式解

杜鸣心《小提琴协奏曲》第一乐章是奏鸣曲式。在其音乐进程中,核心动机的发展在本乐章中具有特殊的结构意义和内涵,以及呈示部和展开部通过F宫系统的内在联系,提升c羽调式的层次,再现部d羽调式循环表达,将三部性结构与回旋性原则的结构力相互作用,构成了作品矛盾对立又统一的结构本身。本文从核心动机的“独角戏”、调性安排内部孕育的“新趋势”两个方面,解读本乐章奏鸣曲式超越于一般的结构构成规则。

Innovative trend analysis of annual and seasonal precipitation in Ningxia,China

Based on daily rainfall data from 26 station records,spatial and temporal variations in annual and seasonal precipitation of different rainfall intensities from 1961 to 2018 in Ningxia,China are investigated using the innovative trend analysis(ITA)method.The results show that annual precipitation increases on the northern plain but decreases in the southern mountainous area.The increase in regional annual precipitation is mainly due to an increase in weak precipitation,while the decrease in regional annual rainfall is a result of a reduction in heavy precipitation.Lowintensity precipitation shows an upward trend,while high-intensity precipitation shows a downward trend.The variation trend of extreme precipitation is more obvious.The contributions of different types of extreme precipitation vary by season.During spring,the increase in regional rainfall is mainly caused by the increase in heavy precipitation,while the decrease in regional precipitation is mainly caused by the decrease in weak precipitation.During summer and autumn,the increase in regional precipitation is caused by the increase in light precipitation,while the reduction in regional rainfall is caused by the decrease in heavy precipitation.This study provides support for water resources planning and addressing droughts and floods.

Climate Change and Its Effects on Runoff of Kaidu River, Xinjiang, China:A Multiple Time-scale Analysis

This paper applied an integrated method combining grey relation analysis, wavelet analysis and statistical analysis to study climate change and its effects on runoff of the Kaidu River at multi-time scales. Major findings are as follows: 1) Climatic factors were ranked in the order of importance to annual runoff as average annual temperature, average temperature in autumn, average temperature in winter, annual precipitation, precipitation in flood season, average temperature in summer, and average temperature in spring. The average annual temperature and annual precipi- tation were selected as the two representative factors that impact the annual runoff. 2) From the 32-year time scale, the annual runoff and the average annual temperature presented a significantly rising trend, whereas the annual precipita- tion showed little increase over the period of 1957-2002. By changing the time scale from 32-year to 4-year, we ob- served nonlinear trends with increasingly obvious oscillations for annual runoff, average annual temperature, and annual precipitation. 3) The changes of the runoff and the regional climate are closely related, indicating that the runoff change is the result of the regional climate changes. With time scales ranging from 32-year, 16-year, 8-year and to 4-year, there are highly significant linear correlations between the annual runoff and the average annual temperature and the annual precipitation.

Vertical patterns in plant diversity and their relations with environmental factors on the southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains(middle section)in Xinjiang(China)

The investigation of distribution patterns of species diversity is significant for successful biodiversity conservation. The spatial patterns of vegetation and different life-forms species diversity along an elevation gradient in the middle section of the southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China were explored, using the detrended canonical correspondence analysis （DCCA） and the generalized additive model （GAM） methods based on a field survey of 53 sampling plots. In this work 158 species of seed plants were recorded, including 141 herbaceous, 14 shrub, and 2 tree species, in which the woody plants are very limited. 53 sampling plots were classified into 9 major plant communities. The results indicate that the herb communities were the most sensitive to changes in elevation gradient. The diversity indices of the community as a whole presented bimodal patterns. The peak values for the species diversities were found in the transition region between mountain steppe desert and mountain desert steppe （2,200-2,300m）, and in the alpine grassland region （2,900-3,100m）, while maximum species diversities were in the areas of intermediate environmental gradient. The main environmental factors on the distribution patterns in plant diversity were the elevation, soft water, total nitroeen, available nitrogen, organic matter, and total salt. The response tendency of the four diversity indices for the whole community to the soil environment was the same as that of the herb layers.

New Thoughts on Standardization and Its Developmental Trend

The standardization community need to recognize the nature of standards. In the 199os, I put forward that standards are restraints by nature. First of all, those restraints are imposed by humans to create order and obtain benefits rather than being formed naturally. Secondly, they are good for development; otherwise, there is no necessity for its existence. Furthermore, they can bring both economical and social benefits. Finally, those restraints are characterized by specific methods, such as simplification （including serialization and universalization）, unification, modularization, routinization and comprehensive standardization. Standardization is how such restraints are implemented.

Linear trends in mean and extreme temperature in Xiongan New Area, China

On 1 April 2017 China established Xiongan New Area in Hebei Province, which was described as ‘a strategy crucial for a millennium to come＇. A point of interest for the public is to be aware of the historical climate change in this new area; however, results from previous global-scale or largerregional-scale averages provide relatively limited information because of the distinct regional differences in climate change. This study analyzes the changes in mean and extreme temperature in this area, based on homogenized daily temperature data for the period 1960–2016. The results show a significant warming in the indices of annual, summer, and winter mean temperature（Tmean）, maximum temperature（Tmax）, and minimum temperature（Tmin）. The linear rate of annual Tmean is 0.34 °C/decade. Temperatures on the hottest day, the warmest night, the coldest day, and the coldest night, every year, all show increasing trends, with the trends in the two nighttime-related indices being significant. An increasing occurrence of warm days, warm nights, hot days, and tropical nights, but a decreasing occurrence of cold days, cold nights, icing days, and frost days, are found, all of which are significant, except for the occurrences of hot days and icing days. A significant extension of the length of the thermal growing season is also found. The magnitudes of change in most of the temperature indices in Xiongan New Area are larger than those of the adjacent Jing-Jin-Ji and North China regional mean. These results could provide valuable information for policymakers, city planners, engineers, and migrants to this new area.

The Status Quo and Developing Trend Analysis of Global Carbon Finance

This paper gives a systematic view of the new trends of global carbon finance innovation under the challenge of global climate change and in the process of transition to achieve economic growth from "high carbon" to 'low carbon",covering the following aspects:the structure,status quo and developing trend of global carbon market.The paper discusses the innovation in financial organization and service systems and governments' overall guidance and policy support,and draws the conclusion that the world is undergoing massive changes with governments actively responding to carbon finance to embrace the tremendous opportunities for clean energy and climate change in financial industry.To seize the opportunity,a complete and overall carbon finance system of China should be put in the top of the agenda.Given the current tasks of energy conservation and pollution reduction and the growing demand for capital input,China needs to construct an clear of policy guidance,a diversified financia service system,and a multi-approach carbon finance system to intensify and widen the participation of financial industry,to expand financing channels for sustainable economy and spread risks,and finally,work out an inexpensive solution to the realization of China's low carbon target.

An Entire View on Research Trends in the Technology Evolution of Mobile Telecommunications

＂Without an appropriate research setting, a study cannot be qualified as a reasonable piece＂, this notion is manifested in the methodological polices. In this research, we attempt to examine previous studies within the scope of technology evolution and market perception in telecommunication industry through extracting research structures, methodologies, corresponding variables, and processing methods. A general process of social scientific research is adopted to analyze eighty-four selected papers; and simultaneously, the framework for doing this analysis is established, as well. In this manner, we inspect the subjects and the issues in these papers according to product types, academic domains, and divisions of technological evolution （from 1G to 4G）. Then, their research designs are anatomized into the key dimensions of general research conventions. This research eventually provides an entire picture of a research scenario for mobile telecommunication industry; and apparently, this framewbrk can help scholars to establish specific tendencies for academic scenarios in future research plans. Also, we propose the main streams and emerging issues can be expected to engage in the future within both theacademic and the operational fields.

The innovation research about garment fabrics design

This article is focused on the importance and market trend of the redesign in fabrics in the process of fashion design. Analysis will be made in the aspects of thinking methods and ways to show the ideas of design and practical solutions will be put out.

Analysis of Art Education Innovation Strategy in Colleges and Universities in We Media Era

the education in colleges and universities is influenced with the coming of we media era and the art education in colleges and universities is presenting diversifled development trend. Therefore, under the background of we media, it is of great significance to strengthen the innovation strength of art education in colleges and universities and create a group of innovative art talents. Problems existed in art education in colleges and universities have been analyzed briefly and solutions for the problems have been proposed, in this way, the innovation level of art education in colleges and universities can be improved and the innovation ability of students can be cultivated.

Research on the Developmental Trend of Data Journalism under the Background and Time of Big Data

In this paper, we conduct research on the developmental trend of the data journalism under the current background and the time of big data. Big data is not only a concept, but also a description of a state of society： in the era of the big data, data become important social resources and production data, the news media is no exception. In the time of the data had not been so seriously, the core of the news resources is a reporter on the scene to get first-hand material, is based on the reporter can see, smell, feel the fact description, data is often only a supplementary role. However, in today＇ s era of big data, although the scene is also very important, but based on the various aspects of data mining and analysis and the depth of the formation of information has become more and more important. Our research proposes the novel paradigm for the issues that is meaningful.

New technology opens the door for deepwater development

The paper provided an updated status of technology for deepwater field development, demonstrated the importance of its application through actual project example, and discussed some future technical development trends. The focus was on the floating structures. By reviewing some of the engineering aspects of the project, the technology advancement, innovations and challenges in offshore engineering were discussed and demonstrated. The author’s view of technical challenges facing deepwater forwarding was discussed, which covered water depth limitations, new material application, installation methods, riser development and operational issues. An overview of technologies that will enable deepwater projects to be extended into new frontiers was presented.

Development Prospect of the Commercialization for Aerospace Services

In recent years, with the rapid growth in demand for commercial launches, space institutions like NASA have been succeeded in the commercialization of aerospace services. According to the latest development trends on international commercial aerospace services and the current development status of domestic commercial aerospace services, suggestions on the development of China's commercial aerospace services based on policies, development modes and technical innovation are given.

BED-CEIA估计HIV-1新近感染率的有效性及其影响因素的评价

在艾滋病流行病学研究中,衡量艾滋病流行趋势最常用的指标是HIV累积感染率和新近感染率.与累积感染率相比,新近感染率对艾滋病流行趋势预测、干预效果评价以及防制策略的制定等能提供更直接的信息.在获取新近感染率的方法中,除了经典的流行病学队列随访方法,目前普遍使用的血清学方法之一是IgG捕获BED酶联免疫法（BED-CEIA）.2001年,美国疾病预防控制中心（CDC）艾滋病免疫和诊断室评估了16种基于不同抗体和原理的HIV-1新近感染检测方法,发现新近感染者与既往感染者相比,各种抗体滴度均较低;其中gp41抗体滴度在新近感染者和既往感染者中的差别最大,两者的滴度区间几乎没有重叠,新近感染者的gp41抗体亲和力低于既往感染者,从而认为gp41抗体能够区分新近感染者和既往感染者,并且酶联免疫实验操作相对简单、效果也较理想,因此该室着手开发基于gp41抗体的HIV-1新近感染检测的酶联免疫方法[1].