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“旋转体”的探索教学
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作者 金来宝 《文理导航》 2020年第20期43-43,共1页
《义务教育数学课程标准》对学生在小学阶段的图形认识作出要求,"通过观察、操作,认识长方体、正方体、圆柱和圆锥,认识长方体、正方体和圆柱的展开图"等,小学阶段的学生对图形的认识经历了从点、到线、再到面、体的由易到难... 《义务教育数学课程标准》对学生在小学阶段的图形认识作出要求,"通过观察、操作,认识长方体、正方体、圆柱和圆锥,认识长方体、正方体和圆柱的展开图"等,小学阶段的学生对图形的认识经历了从点、到线、再到面、体的由易到难、循序渐进的过渡,"旋转体"是学生在对基本图形认识基础上的知识的进一步拓展和延伸,本文以"旋转体"的教学为例,谈谈如何在具体的教学实践中开展有效的教学。 展开更多
关键词 小学数学 “旋转体” 教学 分析
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微分思想与画板的牵手——用几何画板教学“旋转体的体积”实录
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作者 周传高 《信息技术教育》 2004年第2期52-54,共3页
关键词 数学教学 课程整合 几何画板 “旋转体的体积”教学 微积分 信息技术
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Numerical Simulations of Polymer Melt Conveying in Co-Rotating Twin Screw Extruder 被引量:7
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作者 彭炯 陈晋南 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 2002年第2期189-192,共4页
The 3 D non isothermal flow of non Newtonian viscous polymer melt in a co rotating twin screw extruder is modeled. The distributions of the velocity, temperature, pressure and the viscous dissipation in the fl... The 3 D non isothermal flow of non Newtonian viscous polymer melt in a co rotating twin screw extruder is modeled. The distributions of the velocity, temperature, pressure and the viscous dissipation in the flow domain are presented by using a fluid dynamics analysis package (Polyflow). The numerical results show that the temperatures are high in the intermeshing region and on the screw surface, the maximum pressure and the minimum pressure occur in the intermeshing region, and the flow rate is almost proportional to the screw speed. 展开更多
关键词 twin screw extruder non Newtonian fluid numerical simulation
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VOLUMETRIC-SWEPT DISPLAY SYSTEM BASED ON HELIX ROTATING SCREEN AND DMD
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作者 岳键 赵晓庚 +2 位作者 邢建芳 潘文平 沈春林 《Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics》 EI 2011年第4期367-371,共5页
Based on the helix rotating screen and the digital micro-mirror device (DMD), the former proto of volumetric-swept display system is improved. The 3-D display system adopting a helix rotating screen to construct an ... Based on the helix rotating screen and the digital micro-mirror device (DMD), the former proto of volumetric-swept display system is improved. The 3-D display system adopting a helix rotating screen to construct an imaging space meliorate the defects, such as the smaller image space, the fewer voxels and the severer voxel overlap dead zone caused by planar rotating screen. DMD with spatial light modular (SLM) technology increases the transmission bandwidth of 3-D data in the voxel activation subsystem and activate multi-voxel once time. The volumetric-swept system based on helix rotating screen and DMD is developed. The experimental results show that the image space, the vision dead zone, the voxels on slice, and the voxel activation capacity of the designed proto are superior to the plane rotating screen system. 展开更多
关键词 true 3-D display volumetric 3-D display volumetric-swept display helix rotating screen digital micro-mirror device (DMD)
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Mass transfer characteristics in a rotating packed bed with split packing 被引量:4
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作者 Youzhi Liu Deyin Gu +2 位作者 Chengcheng Xu Guisheng Qi Weizhou Jiao 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第5期868-872,共5页
The rotating packed bed (RPB) with split packing is a novel gas-liquid contactor, which intensifies the mass transfer processes controlled by gas-side resistance. To assess its efficacy, the mass transfer characteri... The rotating packed bed (RPB) with split packing is a novel gas-liquid contactor, which intensifies the mass transfer processes controlled by gas-side resistance. To assess its efficacy, the mass transfer characteristics with adjacent rings in counter-rotation and co-rotation modes in a split packing RPB were studied experimentally. The physical absorption system NH3-H2O was used for characterizing the gas volumetric mass transfer coeffi- cient (kyae) and the effective inteffacial area (ae) was determined by chemical absorption in the CO2-NaOH sys- tem. The variation in kyae and ae with the operating conditions is also investigated. The experimental results indicated that kyae and ae for counter-rotation of the adjacent packing rings in the split packing RPB were higher than those for co-rotation, and both counter-rotation and co-rotation of the split packing RPB were superior over conventional RPBs under the similar ooerating conditions. 展开更多
关键词 Rotating packed bed (RPB) Split packing Mass transfer Physical absorption Chemical absorption
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Experimental Study on Revolving Cross-flow Microfiltration of Highly Viscous Liquids 被引量:1
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作者 Sonil Ri 许振良 +2 位作者 周颖 陈桂娥 Yongguk Kim 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2008年第6期961-964,共4页
Experimental investigation of the microfiltration (MF) using a revolving cross-flow membrane filter was performed under the condition of constant pressure difference, and different flat membranes made of polyvinylid... Experimental investigation of the microfiltration (MF) using a revolving cross-flow membrane filter was performed under the condition of constant pressure difference, and different flat membranes made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF, 0.1 μm), cellulose acetate (CA, 0.22 μm), sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES, 0.22 μm) and polyamide (PA, 0.45 μm), respectively, were used in filtration experiments. The dependence of the filtrate mass of the cross-flow MF on time was measured on-line. The experimental results showed that the effect of the cross-flow on high viscosity medium was more significant than that on the low viscosity one. 展开更多
关键词 microfiltration membrane viscous liquid CROSS-FLOW
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Rotational nanofluids for oxytactic microorganisms with convective boundary conditions using bivariate spectral quasi-linearization method 被引量:1
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作者 Mlamuli DHLAMINI Hiranmoy MONDAL +1 位作者 Precious SIBANDA Sandile MOTSA 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2020年第3期824-841,共18页
In this study,we considered the three-dimensional flow of a rotating viscous,incompressible electrically conducting nanofluid with oxytactic microorganisms and an insulated plate floating in the fluid.Three scenarios ... In this study,we considered the three-dimensional flow of a rotating viscous,incompressible electrically conducting nanofluid with oxytactic microorganisms and an insulated plate floating in the fluid.Three scenarios were considered in this study.The first case is when the fluid drags the plate,the second is when the plate drags the fluid and the third is when the plate floats on the fluid at the same velocity.The denser microorganisms create the bioconvection as they swim to the top following an oxygen gradient within the fluid.The velocity ratio parameter plays a key role in the dynamics for this flow.Varying the parameter below and above a critical value alters the dynamics of the flow.The Hartmann number,buoyancy ratio and radiation parameter have a reverse effect on the secondary velocity for values of the velocity ratio above and below the critical value.The Hall parameter on the other hand has a reverse effect on the primary velocity for values of velocity ratio above and below the critical value.The bioconvection Rayleigh number decreases the primary velocity.The secondary velocity increases with increasing values of the bioconvection Rayleigh number and is positive for velocity ratio values below 0.5.For values of the velocity ratio parameter above 0.5,the secondary velocity is negative for small values of bioconvection Rayleigh number and as the values increase,the flow is reversed and becomes positive. 展开更多
关键词 BIOCONVECTION oxytactic microorganisms velocity ratio rotational nanofluid bivariate spectral quasilinearization method(BSQLM)
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Rotational Flow in a Narrow Annular Gap Based on Lattice Boltzmann Method 被引量:1
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作者 WANG Yimiao ZHANG Jingyang ZHU Guiping 《Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics》 EI CSCD 2021年第3期427-436,共10页
For comprehensive characteristics of flow in a gas bearing,lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)is applied for study of the two-dimensional flow between two eccentric cylinders with the inner one rotating at a high speed.The ... For comprehensive characteristics of flow in a gas bearing,lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)is applied for study of the two-dimensional flow between two eccentric cylinders with the inner one rotating at a high speed.The flow pattern and circumferential pressure distribution are discussed based on critical issues such as eccentricity ranging from 0.2 to 0.9,clearance ratio varying from 0.005 to 0.01 and rotating speed in the range of 3×104—1.8×105 r/min.The analysis and discussion on the circumferential pressure distribution affirmed the quasilinear relation between the extremum pressure and rotating speed.Furthermore,a high eccentricity and small clearance ratio contributes most to the fluctuation of the circumferential pressure distribution.The flow pattern inside the channel exhibits separation vortex under a large eccentricity.The conclusions drawn in this work give rise to prediction of the flow pattern in the gas bearing which is beneficial for evaluating the performance of as well as instructing the design and development. 展开更多
关键词 narrow annular eccentric rotating cylinders gas bearing lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)
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Disproportional exaggerated aspartate transaminase is a useful prognostic parameter in late leptospirosis 被引量:2
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作者 Ming-Ling Chang Chih-Wei Yang +4 位作者 Jeng-Chang Chen Yu-Pin Ho Ming-Jeng Pan Cheng-Hui Lin Deng-Yn Lin 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2005年第35期5553-5556,共4页
AIM: To evaluate the hepatic dysfunction in leptospirosis is usually mild and resolved eventually. However,sequential follow-up of liver biochemical data remained lacking..METHODS: The biochemistry data and clinical s... AIM: To evaluate the hepatic dysfunction in leptospirosis is usually mild and resolved eventually. However,sequential follow-up of liver biochemical data remained lacking..METHODS: The biochemistry data and clinical symptoms of 11 sporadic patients were collected and analyzed, focusing on the impacts of leptospirosis upon liver biochemistry tests.RESULTS: The results disclosed that of the 11 cases, 5 or 45% died. The liver biochemistry data in the beginning of the disease course were only mildly elevated.Nevertheless, late exaggerated aspartate transaminase (AST)elevations were noted in three cases who finally died when compared with the typical course. Besides, significant higher AST/alanine transaminase (ALT) ratios (AARs) of the peak levels for transaminase were also noted in the cases who eventually succumbed. The mean±SD of AARs for the survival group and dead group were 5.65±2.27 (n = 5)and 1.86±0.64 (n = 6) respectively (P= 0.006). The ratios of the cases who finally died were all more than 3.0.Conversely, the survival group's ratios were less than 3.0.CONCLUSION: Serial follow-up of transaminase might provide evidence to predict some rare evolutions in leptospirosis. If AST elevated progressively without a concomitant change of ALT, it might indicate an acute disease course with ensuing death. Additionally, AAR is another prognostic parameter for leptospirosis. Once the value was higher than 3.0, a grave prognosis is inevitable. 展开更多
关键词 LEPTOSPIROSIS LIVER Aspartate transaminase Alanine transaminase AST/ALT ratios
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Primary instabilities and bicriticality in fiber suspensions between rotating cylinders
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作者 WAN Zhan-hong SUN Zhi-lin YOU Zhen-jiang 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2007年第9期1435-1442,共8页
The linear stability of fiber suspensions between two concentric cylinders rotating independently is studied. The modified stability equation is obtained based on the fiber orientation model and Hinch-Leal closure app... The linear stability of fiber suspensions between two concentric cylinders rotating independently is studied. The modified stability equation is obtained based on the fiber orientation model and Hinch-Leal closure approximation. The primary instabilities and bicritical curves have been calculated numerically. The critical Reynolds number,wavenumber and wave speeds of fiber suspensions as functions of the aspect ratio,volume concentration of the fibers and the gap width of cylinders are obtained. 展开更多
关键词 Fiber suspensions Primary instability Non-axisymmetric disturbances
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Shape memory TiNi powders produced by plasma rotating electrode process for additive manufacturing 被引量:6
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作者 Gang CHEN Shao-yang ZHAO +6 位作者 Ping TAN Jing-ou YIN Quan ZHOU Yuan GE Zeng-feng LI Jian WANG Hui-ping TANG 《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第12期2647-2655,共9页
This study aimed to produce spherical TiNi powders suitable for additive manufacturing by plasma rotating electrode process(PREP).Scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry... This study aimed to produce spherical TiNi powders suitable for additive manufacturing by plasma rotating electrode process(PREP).Scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry were used to investigate the surface and inner micro-morphology,phase constituent and martensitic transformation temperature of the surface and inner of the atomized TiNi powders with different particle sizes.The results show that the powder surface becomes smoother and the grain becomes finer gradually with decreasing particle size.All the powders exhibit a main B2-TiNi phase,while large powders with the particle size≥178μm contain additional minor Ti2Ni and Ni3Ti secondary phases.These secondary phases are a result of the eutectoid decomposition during cooling.Particles with different particle sizes have experienced different cooling rates during atomization.Various cooling rates cause different martensitic transformation temperatures and routes of the TiNi powders;in particular,the transformation temperature decreases with decreasing particle size. 展开更多
关键词 ATOMIZATION plasma rotating electrode process TINI particle size martensitic transformation
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Robust Quantum Secure Direct Communication over Collective Rotating Channel
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作者 秦素娟 高飞 +1 位作者 温巧燕 朱甫臣 《Communications in Theoretical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2010年第4期645-647,共3页
A quantum secure direct communication protocol over a collective rotating channel is proposed. The protocol encodes logical bits in noiseless subspaces, and so it can function over a quantum channel subjected to an ar... A quantum secure direct communication protocol over a collective rotating channel is proposed. The protocol encodes logical bits in noiseless subspaces, and so it can function over a quantum channel subjected to an arbitrary degree of collective rotating noise. Although entangled states are used, both the sender and receiver are only required to perform single-particle product measurement or Pauli operations. The protocol is feasible with present-day technique. 展开更多
关键词 quantum secure direct communication collective rotating channel quantum cryptography
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TiO2 Nanoparticles Produced by Electric-Discharge-Nanofluid-Process as Photoelectrode of DSSC
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作者 陈希立 苏宏庭 +2 位作者 张合 卓清松 冯啸儒 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2010年第2期231-236,I0002,共7页
Self-made TiO2 nanoparticles were used as photoelectrode material of dye sensitized solar cell. The TiO2 thin film coats through spreading nanoparticles evenly onto the ITO glass via self-made spin-heat platform, and ... Self-made TiO2 nanoparticles were used as photoelectrode material of dye sensitized solar cell. The TiO2 thin film coats through spreading nanoparticles evenly onto the ITO glass via self-made spin-heat platform, and then TiO2 thin film is soaked in the dye N-719 more than 12 h to prepare the photoelectrode device. The TiO2 nanoparticles produced by electric-discharge-nanofluid-process have premium anatase crystal property, and its diameter can be controlled within a range of 20-50 nm. The surface energy zeta potential of nanofluid is from -22 mV to -28.8 mV, it is a stable particle suspension in the deionized water. A trace of surfactant Triton X-100 put upon the surface of ITO glass can produce a uniform and dense TiO2 thin film and heating up the spin platform to 200 oC is able to eliminate mixed surfac-tant. Self-made TiO2 film presents excellent dye absorption performance and even doesn't need heat treatment procedure to enhance essential property. Results of energy analysis show the thicker film structure will increase the short-circuit current density that causes higher conversion efficiency. But, as the film structure is large and thick, both the open-circuit voltage and fill factor will decline gradually to lead bad efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell. 展开更多
关键词 Electric-discharge-nanofluid-process Photoelectrode TiO2 film Anatase Energy conversion efficiency
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Influence of the instability of angular velocity of the rotating carrier itself on the stability of silicon micromachined gyroscope
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作者 Zhang Fuxue 《Engineering Sciences》 EI 2008年第3期27-30,共4页
In order to find out the influence of the instability of angular velocity of the rotating carrier itself on the stability of silicon micromachined gyroscope, the digital models for relative error of the high and low d... In order to find out the influence of the instability of angular velocity of the rotating carrier itself on the stability of silicon micromachined gyroscope, the digital models for relative error of the high and low damping gyroscope's output signal are given respectively, based on the motion equations of the silicon micromachined gyroscope. Theory proves that the output signal error of the silicon micromachined sensor is mainly caused by the instability of damping factor and the angular velocity of the rotating carrier itself. The experiment result indicates that the error of proportionality coefficient of output voltage which is caused by the instability of the angular velocity of the rotating carrier itself reaches to 4.1 %. Theoretical demonstration and experimental verification show that the instability of angular velocity of the rotating carrier itself has an important effect on the stability of low damping silicon micromachined gyroscope. 展开更多
关键词 GYROSCOPE micromachined angular velocity
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Series Solution for Rotating Flow of an Upper Convected Maxwell Fluid over a Stretching Sheet
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作者 M.Sajid Z.Iqbal +1 位作者 T.Hayat S.Obaidat 《Communications in Theoretical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2011年第10期740-744,共5页
The equations for two-dimensional flow of an upper convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid in a rotating frame are modeled. The resulting equations are first simplified by a boundary layer approach and then solved by a homoto... The equations for two-dimensional flow of an upper convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid in a rotating frame are modeled. The resulting equations are first simplified by a boundary layer approach and then solved by a homotopy analysis method (HAM). Convergence of series solution is discussed through residual error curves. The results of the influence of viscoelastic and rotation parameters are plotted and discussed. 展开更多
关键词 rotating flow stretching sheet UCM fluid HAM solution residual error
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Hydrodynamic Behavior in a Rotating Zigzag Bed 被引量:4
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作者 李育敏 计建炳 +2 位作者 俞云良 徐之超 李肖华 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2010年第1期34-38,共5页
As a high gravity(HIGEE)unit,the rotating packed bed(RPB)uses centrifugal force to intensify mass transfer.Zigzag rotating bed(RZB)is a new type of HIGEE unit.The rotor of RZB consists of stationary discs and rotating... As a high gravity(HIGEE)unit,the rotating packed bed(RPB)uses centrifugal force to intensify mass transfer.Zigzag rotating bed(RZB)is a new type of HIGEE unit.The rotor of RZB consists of stationary discs and rotating discs,forming zigzag channels for liquid-gas flow and mass transfer.As in RPBs,some hydrodynamic behavior in RZB is interesting but no satisfactory explanation.In this study,the experiments were carried on in a RZB unit with a rotor of 600 mm in diameter using air-water system.The gas pressure drop and power consumption were measured with two types of rotating baffle for RZB rotors,one with perforations and another with shutter openings. The circumferential velocities of gas were measured with a five-hole Pitot probe.The pressure drop decreased rapidly when the liquid was introduced to the rotor,because the circumferential velocity of the liquid droplets was lower than that of the gas,reducing the circumferential velocity of gas and the centrifugal pressure drop.The power consumption decreased first when the gas entered the RZB rotor,because the gas with higher circumferential velocity facilitates the rotation of baffles. 展开更多
关键词 zigzag rotating bed rotating packed bed gas pressure drop power consumption
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Theory of Electrorotation of Clustered Colloidal Particles
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作者 LIURen-Ming HUANGJi-Ping 《Communications in Theoretical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2005年第4期765-768,共4页
When a colloidal suspension is exposed to a strong rotating electric field, an aggregation of the suspended particles is induced to appear. In such clusters, the separation between the suspended particles is so close ... When a colloidal suspension is exposed to a strong rotating electric field, an aggregation of the suspended particles is induced to appear. In such clusters, the separation between the suspended particles is so close that one could not neglect the multiple image effect on the electrorotation (ER) spectrum. Since so far the exact multiple image method exists in two dimensions only, rather than in three dimensions, we investigate the ER spectrum of the clustered colloidal particles in two dimensions, in which many cylindrical particles are randomly distributed in a sheet cluster. We report the dependence of the ER spectrum on the materialparameters. It is shown that the multiple image method predicts two characteristic frequencies, at which the rotation speed reaches maximum. To this end, the multiple image method is numerically demonstrated to be in good agreement with the known Maxwell-Garnett approximation. 展开更多
关键词 ELECTROROTATION colloidal particles
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Imagery perspective among young athletes: Differentiation between external and internal visual imagery
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作者 Qiu-Hua Yu Amy S.N.Fu +3 位作者 Adeline Kho Jie Li Xiao-Hua Sun Chetwyn C.H.Chan 《Journal of Sport and Health Science》 SCIE 2016年第2期211-218,共8页
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the construct of external visual imagery (EVI) vs. internal visual imagery (IV/) by comparing the athletes' imagery ability with their levels of skill and types of sports... Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the construct of external visual imagery (EVI) vs. internal visual imagery (IV/) by comparing the athletes' imagery ability with their levels of skill and types of sports. Methods: Seventy-two young athletes in open (n = 45) or closed (n = 27) sports and with different skill levels completed 2 custom-designed tasks. The EVI task involved the subject generating and visualizing the rotated images of different body parts, whereas the IVI task involved the subject visualizing himself or herself performing specific movements. Results: The significant Skill-Level x Sport Type interactions for the EVI task revealed that participants who specialized in open sports and had higher skill-levels had a higher accuracy rate as compared to the other subgroups. For the IVI task, the differences between the groups were less clear: those with higher skill-levels or open sports had a higher accuracy rate than those with lower skill-levels or closed sports. Conclusion: EVI involves the visualization of others and the environment, and would be relevant to higher skill-level athletes who engage in open sports. IVI, in contrast, tends to be more self-oriented and would be relevant for utilization by higher skill-level athletes regardless of sport type. 展开更多
关键词 External visual imagery Internal visual imagery Open sports SKILLS YOUTH
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Liquid Flow Characteristics inside Impeller Rotational Region of an Unbaffled Vessel Agitated with an Unsteadily Angularly Oscillating Impeller
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作者 Masanori Yoshida Keisuke Mikazuki +1 位作者 Kazuaki Yamagiwa Shuichi Tezura 《Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering》 2011年第4期348-354,共7页
Characteristics of the liquid flow were studied in the impeller region for an unbaffied vessel agitated with an angularly oscillating impeller whose rotation proceeds while periodically reversing its direction at the ... Characteristics of the liquid flow were studied in the impeller region for an unbaffied vessel agitated with an angularly oscillating impeller whose rotation proceeds while periodically reversing its direction at the set angle, namely, rotating unsteadily with sinusoidal variation of the set amplitude. Measurement of the velocity of the liquid flow was performed, abreast of that of the torque of the shaft attached with the impeller. A disk turbine impeller with six flat blades was used in angular oscillation mode at the different amplitudes. The power characteristics were analyzed with the power number during one cycle of the angular oscillation consisting of a process for the impeller to stop and to reverse and that to rotate with a certain acceleration-deceleration in a uniform orientation. The power number in the process for the impeller to rotate exhibited slightly lower values compared with that of the identical design of impeller used in unidirectional rotation mode in a fully baffled vessel, being higher values in its process to stop and to reverse. Under such an operating condition in the amplitude, a time series of images was analyzed by particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) to characterize the fluctuation components of the velocities of the circumferential and radial flows inside the impeller rotational region. The impeller in its rotation process produced flows having a relatively large turbulence, independent of the amplitude condition. For the radial flow relating to the discharge flow, which contributes to transport of the turbulence throughout the vessel, operation at higher amplitude was clarified to be successful. 展开更多
关键词 Unbaffled agitated vessel unsteadily rotating impeller angular oscillation liquid flow impeller power
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Effect of Disclination Lines on Free Energy of Nematic Liquid Crystals
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作者 YANG Guo-Hong ZHANG Hui +2 位作者 TIAN Li-Jun WANG Yu-Sheng DUAN Yi-Shi 《Communications in Theoretical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2005年第2X期213-222,共10页
In the light of φ-mapping method-and topological current theory, the effect of disclination lines on the free energy density of nematic liquid crystals is studied. It is pointed out that the total Frank free energy d... In the light of φ-mapping method-and topological current theory, the effect of disclination lines on the free energy density of nematic liquid crystals is studied. It is pointed out that the total Frank free energy density can be divided into two parts. One is the distorted energy density of director field around the disclination lines. The other is the saddle-splay energy density, which is shown to be centralized at the disclination lines and to he topologically quantized in the unit of kπ/2 when the Jacobian determinant of the director field does not vanish at the singularities of the director field. The topological quantum numbers are determined by the Hopf indices and Brouwer degrees of the director field at the disclination lines, i.e., the disclination strengthes. When the Jacobian determinant vanishes, the generation, annihilation, intersection, splitting and merging processes of the saddle-splay energy density are detailed in the neighborhoods of the limit points and bifurcation points, respectively. It is shown that the disclination line with high topological quantum number is unstable and will evolve to the low topological quantum number states through the splitting process. 展开更多
关键词 director field disclination line free energy saddle-splay BIFURCATION
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