小学“无土栽培”劳动教育课程的开发与实施途径——以重庆科学城树人思贤小学为例

无土栽培是一个意义重大的"项目",关乎孩子们的全面发展。为构建综合性、实践性、开放性的劳动教育课程体系,积极践行重庆高新区"科创高新、智慧教育"发展理念,落实我校"以劳增智,以劳育美,以劳健体,以劳育德"的劳动教育课程理念,重庆科学城树人思贤小学校自2021年春季开始,就开设了校园无土栽培劳动教育课程。本文从课程的开发、实施途径、实践成效三个方面具体介绍了我校无土栽培劳动教育课程的开展情况。

基于“无土栽培技术”课程教学开展教学改革的探索与实践——以青岛农业大学为例

“无土栽培技术”是青岛农业大学面向林学专业二年级学生开设的一门兼具理论性和实践性的专业选修课程,该课程包含理论教学和实践操作两部分内容。为了加深学生对“无土栽培技术”理论知识的理解,提升学生灵活应用无土栽培技术的能力,针对“无土栽培技术”课程教学过程中存在的实践教学效果不佳、教学内容重点不突出等问题,文章探讨“无土栽培技术”课程开展研究型实践教学改革的方式和途径:首先,合理调整“无土栽培技术”课程开设时间和教学课时安排;其次,优化课程教学内容与授课方式;最后加强实验实践,完善考核评价体系。这一系列改革为提高“无土栽培技术”课程教学质量、增强实践教学的效果、培养学生实际动手操作能力及提升学生综合素质奠定了坚实的基础。

谈“无土栽培学”实践教学的改革与实践

"无土栽培技术"是一种新型的农业种植技术,农业种植脱离了土壤的制约,而是使用基质来培育植物。这种技术不仅仅可以实现作物高产,更能达到优质高产的地步,满足人们对于优质食物的要求。最重要的是,"无土栽培技术"打破了土地不足对于粮食产量的制约,人们不需要被土地的面积、土壤的肥力以及灌溉水源等问题困扰,农作物使用营养液种植使农作物的种植数量显著增加,甚至四季都可以生长,减轻了我国的人口压力。本文对"无土栽培学"当前的实践教学方式进行了总结,并且制定了一些实践方式,期望对教学实践的进步作出贡献。

Advances in Soilless Culture Research

Soilless culture refers to the technique by which crops are grown using nutrient solution or solid substrate along with nutrient solution without natural soil. This technique has developed for more than 150 years, and plays an essential role in promoting the development of horticultural, agricultural and forestal production, as well as agricultural modernization. Substrate and nutrient solution formulae and their application are the core of soilless culture technique. Based on the classification system of soilless culture, the types, advantages and scope of application of substrate formulae for growing vegetables and flowers in soilless culture, as well as the types, advantages and scope of application of nutrient solution formulae, and the regulation of nutrient solution ingredients are first systematically summarized in this paper; then, the advantages and disadvantages of the inorganic energy-intensive soilless culture and eco-organic soilless culture, and their scopes of application are analyzed; finally, research directions for further perfecting soilless culture technique are presented, and the outlook for the application of soilless culture is also provided.

Study on Soilless Culture of Facility Strawberry

[Objective] The aim was to establish a set of soilless cultivation and management method of facility strawberry cultivation in the south of China.[Method] In the research,strawberry species,substrate formulae,cultivation modes and nutri ent solutions were selected and optimized.[Result] Three-dimensional strawberry cultivation was much suitable for Frandy,Hongbao and Gumei No.1; substrate with coconut shred-mushroom residue-peat soil ratio at 2∶2∶1 was the optimal; the treatment C3,containing Ca（NO3）2·4H2O,KNO3,（NH4）2HPO4,MgSO4·7H2O,and NH4NO3 at 280,303,62,246 and 80 mg/L,promoted strawberry growth,and the cultivated strawberry was large and thick in leaves,thick in stem,dark green in leaf color,with best fruit yield and quality.Among three cultivation modes,the density,space use ratio and yield in the treatment with PVC pipes in A-shape were all higher and the strawberry was easier and more convenient for picking.[Conclusion] The research provides references for soilless cultivation of strawberry in the south of China.

Mixed Substrate Soilless Cultivation Techniques for Mini Watermelon in Spring Greenhouse of Beijing Area

Watermelon, as a traditional dominant crop in Beijing, has obvious indus- trial advantages. The mixed substrate soilless cultivation techniques developed by the Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station for mini watermelon in spring greenhouse can effectively solve the problem of continuous cropping in facility wa- termelon, and they are conducive to green, safe and efficient development of water- melon industry for fixed nutrient solution formula, automatic water and fertilizer irri- gation, stable product quality and facilitating large-scale and standardized production.

Effects of Substrates before and after Fermenting Treatment on the Growth,Development and Cut Flower Quality of Lily

[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the effects of substrates before and after fermenting treatment on the growth,development and cut flower quality of lily.[Method] Oriental lily cultivar ＇Siberia＇ was taken as material to study the effect of using fermentative and unfermented agricultural waste as substrates on the growth,development and cut flower quality of lily.And the physical and chemical properties of substrates before and after fermenting treatment were studied.[Result] The full decomposition of agricultural waste would greatly improve the physical and chemical properties of substrates,such as the fermentative substrates changed to stabilization,the ratio of carbon nitrogen had dropped drastically,the total porosity was increase,the ratio of gas and water was better,and the nutrition elements was increased.Moreover,it could significantly increased the plant height,stem diameter,leaf number,leaf area,leaf fresh weight and so on,as well as expanded the lily roots and significantly improved the rate of cut flower and cut flower quality.[Conclusion] This study had provided theoretically basis for the cultivation of cut lily.

Experiment on Organic Ecotype Soilless Culture of Vegetables

A suitable substrate formula for vegetable cultivation was selected through experimenting on the culture substrate for organic ecotype soilless culture of vegetables, and organic matter content of the substrate was 294% as name that of soil, while the content of N, P and K were 328%, 279% and 192% that of the soil, respectively. Vegetable yield with this substrate was 157%-228% that with the soil.

Development of Organic Ecological Soilless Cultivation

This paper reviewed the development of organic ecotype soilless cultivation, the characteristics and advantages and development prospects, and the sources, types and nutritional characteristics of main cultivation. Compared with other cultivation methods, the research analyzed development prospects of soilless cultivation technology.

Substrate Type Affects Growth, Yield and Mineral Composition of Cucumber and Zucchini Squash

The expansion of hydroponics in many countries of the world in the last few decades may be ascribed to the ability of soilless growing systems to avoid various problems arising from the use of the soil. Cucumber （Cucurnis sativus L.） and zucchini （Cucurbita pepo L.） plants were grown in closed-soilless culture under unheated-greenhouse conditions at the experimental farm of University of Tuscia, Central Italy to evaluate the effects of four substrates （rockwool, pumice, perlite, and cocofiber） on growth, yield and plant mineral composition. For both cultures, plants grown in cocofiber, perlite and pumice yielded more than those grown in rockwool. The better temperature regime in cocofiber, perlite and pumice was due to the greater thermal inertia compared to rockwool slabs. Thc concentration of N in zucchini and cucumber leaves was significantly higher in cocofiber, perlite and pumice in comparison to the rockwool treatment. The concentration of K was significantly affected by the substrate only for the zucchini squash with the highest value recorded on the organic substrate （cocofiber）, whereas the Ca concentration was significantly influenced by the growing media only for cucumber with the highest value observed on pumice. Finally, the lowest Mg concentration in leaf tissue was observed on plants grown with the rockwool substrate for both zucchini squash and cucumber. We can conclude that cocofiber, perlite and pumice are suitable for zucchini and cucumber production in closed soilless system, whereas the use of rockwool is more suitable for crops grown under heated greenhouse conditions.

Systems of Soilless Culture in China

Soilless culture in China has developed rapidly in recent years. The area of soilless culture in China was about 0.1 ha in 1985, 117 ha in 1995, but in 2002 the area reached to 865 ha. This paper introduced the brief history of soilless culture in China, and the main soilless culture systems. The present situation and problems are also discussed in this paper.

Cool装大揭秘

如何进行无土栽培 植物的根系通过成长杯底部的许多小孔生长。