Breeding and Cultivation Technique of New Watermelon Variety Jingang No.2 Heimeiren

Jingang No. 2 Heimeiren is a new early-maturing watermelon vadety in small to middle size with strong disease resistance bred with ZK09 as female par- ant and ZS05 as male parent. As to whole growth period, the spring crop grows for 90-110 d, the autumn crop grows for 70-80 d, and the fruit development period is 27-29 d. The fruit is oblong with a fruit shape index of 1.5, the average single fruit weight is 3.18 kg, and the fruit surface is smooth in deep green color with dark green netted stripes. The fruit flesh is bright red, crisp, with a soluble solid content in the center of 11.5%. The fruit has a peel thickness of 1.0 cm with high storage tolerance, good appearance and good commodity. The variety is suitable for Guangxi, Guangdong and Halnan.

Health beliefs toward lung cancer screening among Chinese American high-risk smokers:Interviews based on Health Belief Model

Objective This study aims to explore health beliefs toward lung cancer screening with low dose computed tomography among Chinese American high-risk smokers.Methods Guided by the Health Belief Model,semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with Chinese American high-risk smokers via phone.Additional questionnaires on demographic information,history of smoking and lung cancer screening were collected via email or phone before the interview,depending on participants’preference.Content analysis was used to extract meaningful and significant themes in the dataset.Constant comparison analysis and process coding were used to categorize and code data.Results Data saturation was reached after interviewing 12 participants.Chinese American high-risk smokers perceived a low susceptibility to lung cancer,since they believed various protective factors of lung cancer(e.g.,doing exercise,healthy diet,etc.)reduced their risk of getting lung cancer.All the participants perceived a high severity of lung cancer.They acknowledged lung cancer would have a huge impact on their life.Perceived benefits of lung cancer screening were accurate in most aspects although minor confusions were still noticed among this population.Perceived barriers varied on participants’,physicians’,and institutional levels.High-risk Chinese American smokers had little confidence to screening for lung cancer.Cues to action for them to screening for lung cancer included recommendations from health care providers,support from family members and friends,and information shared on Chinese-based social media.Conclusions Misconceptions and barriers to screening for lung cancer existed widely among Chinese American high-risk smokers.Intervention programs and targeted health education should be implemented to promote lung cancer screening among this population.

Anatomical Structures of " Lepidodendron " pulchrum Zhang in Coal-balls from the Taiyuan Formation (Lower Lower Permian) in Shandong Province, North China

This study reports the anatomical structures of a kind of lepidodendralean stem in coal balls from the early Early Permian Taiyuan Formation in Yanzhou Mining District, southwestern Shandong Province, North China. The leaf cushion is slightly rhomboid in outline with a height of 9 - 10 mm and a width of 7.5 9.0 mm and its lower sides are slightly longer than the upper ones. The top and basic angles of the leaf cushion are truncate and the basic angle is slightly elongate. The upper part of the leaf cushion is strongly high-rising. The leaf sear is large and lenticular in shape. The leaf trace is wide and V-shaped in the leaf scar, and horizontally elongate within the leaf cushion. The leaf trace and lateral parichnos strand extend at a nearly horizontal course outward within the leaf cushion. The ligular pit is deep and extends outward at an oblique course and its aperture is located near the top angle of the leaf scar. No infrafoliar parichnos strands are present. The stem is probably siphonostelic and its pith is probably parenchymatous. The primary xylem is exarch with a nearly smooth outer margin. Only the outer cortex is present and it consists of alternately-arranged radial cell bands and gaps within which the are-shaped or V-shaped leaf traces can be seen. The concave side of the leaf trace is toward the center of the stem. No bundle sheath is developed. Periderm is well-developed and consists of phelloderm and phellem in nearly equal thickness. Compared with the lepidodendralean stems of the Cathaysian and Euramerican Floras, the present specimens are most close to an impression-compression species Lepidodendron pulchrum Zhang in morphology of the leaf cushion and they are put into this species temporarily. Whether the present specimens or the type specimens of L. pulchrum are very different from Lepidodendron Sternburg sensu DiMichele, thus the correct nomenclature and classification of L. pulchrum needs to be reconsidered based on the study of better- and anatomically-preserved stems and fertile organs in the future. Because 'L'. pulchrum possesses the mixed features of several genera of Euramerican lepidodendralean stems, it bears significance to study the origin and evolution of the Cathaysian lepidodendralean lycopods.

Developmental ecology of the American horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus

During spawning events, horseshoe crab eggs are released from the female＇s oviducts, and fertilized by one or more males. Eggs are shaped by the female into discrete clutches deposited in nests at depths of 10-20 cm on intertidal estuarine beaches. Distinguishing between fxesh eggs and the early developmental stages is obfuscated by the large amount of dense, opaque yolk. The first unambiguous confirmation of development is the formation of the rudimentary prosomatie appendages at the ＂limb bud＂ stage. Several days thereafter, the outer chorion is shed and the developing embryo expands and undergoes a series of molts within the clear inner egg membrane. The trilobite （first iustar） stage thus attained may remain within the beach sedi- ments for several more weeks, until hatching is facilitated by environmental factors such as hydration, agitation, and osmotic shock that accompany the infiltration of seawater into the nests. Trilobites exhibit endogenous eirgatidal swimming rhythms that are entrained by mechanical agitation, suggesting that peaks in larval swimming are timed to coincide with periods of high water and the inundation of the nests. Larval swimming is limited and does not appear to result in long-distance dispersal. The limited dispersal of the larvae has important implications for the population dynamics of relatively isolated populations. The rate of larval development is highly plastic and is influenced by temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and the presence of pollutants. The broad environmental tolerances of horseshoe crab embryos and larvae are important in understanding their current geographic distribution and their evolutionary persistence

On the Realism Style of Langston Hughes＇ Early Autumn

The paper makes a brief introduction of Langston Hughes and his works, and takes one of his short stories—Early Autumn, as an example to illustrate his writing style of realism—to show Hughes is an excellent and versatile writer.

Charles Sheeler＇s Paragone： Literary Influence and the Shaping of a Hierarchy

This study is concerned with the literary and aesthetic influences that led to Charles Sheeler＇s formation of a paragone in his early 20th century work. This painter, photographer, printmaker, and experimental filmmaker had very specific ideas concerning the hierarchy of the visual arts. While he is known for embracing a wide range of media and materials, by 1919 his aesthetic thought reveals a desire to elevate the painting over all other media. This formation of a visual paragone was initially influenced by his involvement in the interdisciplinary circles which surrounded both Alfred Stieglitz and Walter and Louise Arensberg in New York City. In particular, his lifelong friendship with the poet and writer William Carlos Williams would shape his aesthetic thought leading to his elevation of painting over all other media. Sheeler＇s paragone would begin to form during his stays at the rural Doylestown House in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. This rural home, which he first rented with fellow painter Morton Schamberg in 1916, would become an artistic refuge for both artists. While commercial photography was beginning to take up more if his time in Philadelphia, it was the retreats to the Doylestown house that enabled Sheeler to continue experiments in painting and begin to think of the photograph as something other than a document of architectural work. At this early stage in his artistic career, Sheeler was beginning to form his own hierarchy and contribute to the continuing argument of painting versus photography.