Modeling commuters' route choice behavior under pre-trip information system

Research about the auto commuter＇s pre-trip route choice behavior ignores the combined influence of the real-time information and all respondents＇ historical information in the existing documents.To overcome this shortcoming,an approach to describing the pre-trip route choice behavior with the incorporation of the real-time and historical information is proposed.Two types of real-time information are investigated,which are quantitative information and prescriptive information.By using the bounded rationality theory,the influence of historical information on the real-time information reference process is examined first.Estimation results show that the historical information has a significant influence on the quantitative information reference process,but not on the prescriptive information reference process.Then the route choice behavior is modeled.A comparison is also made among three route choice models,one of which does not incorporate the real-time information reference process,while the others do.Estimation results show that the route choice behavior is better described with the consideration of the reference process of both quantitative and prescriptive information.

Fluid solid coupling model based on endochronic damage for roller compacted concrete dam

According to the characteristics of thin-layer rolling and pouting construction technology and the complicated mechanical behavior of the roller compacted concrete dam （RCCD） construction interface, a constitutive model of endochronic damage was established based on the endochronic theory and damage mechanics. The proposed model abandons the traditional concept of elastic-plastic yield surface and can better reflect the real behavior of rolled control concrete. Basic equations were proposed for the fluid-solid coupling analysis, and the relationships among the corresponding key physical parameters were also put forward. One three-dimensional finite element method （FEM） program was obtained by studying the FEM type of the seepage-stress coupling intersection of the RCCD. The method was applied to an actual project, and the results show that the fluid-solid interaction influences dam deformation and dam abutment stability, which is in accordance with practice. Therefore, this model provides a new method for revealing the mechanical behavior of RCCD under the coupling field.

Numerical Simulation of Two-dimensional Nonlinear Sloshing Problems

Numerical simulation of a two-dimensional nonlinear sloshing problem is preceded by the finite element method. Two theories are used. One is fully nonlinear theory; the other is time domain second order theory. A liquid sloshing in a rectangular container subjected to a horizontal excitation is simulated using these two theories. Numerical results are obtained and comparisons are made. It is found that a good agreement is obtained for the case of small amplitude oscillation. For the situation of large amplitude excitation, although the differences between using the two theories are obvious the second order solution can still exhibit typical nonlinear features of nonlinear wave.

“时限”：情节剧电影的一种创作手段

在情节剧电影中,"时限"的设定既能使剧中任务更为迫切和艰难,悬念更为具体和强烈,也能让故事的矛盾冲突更加尖锐,剧作结构更加紧凑,并使人物为完成这个最高任务而积极行动,从而有效推动故事情节的发展,这就是结构情节剧电影的最基本方式。因此,"时限"是情节剧电影的一种重要创作手段。

Modeling and performance analysis of energy selective electron (ESE) engine with heat leakage and transmission probability

A model of an energy selective electron (ESE) engine with linear heat leakage and Lorentzian transmission probability is established in this paper.The expressions for the main performance parameters of the ESE engine operating as a heat engine or a refrigerator are derived by using the theory of finite time thermodynamics.The optimum performances of the ESE engine are explored and the influences of the heat leakage,the central energy level of the resonance,and the width of the resonance on the performance of the ESE engine are analyzed by using detailed numerical examples.The optimal operation regions of power output and efficiency (or cooling load and coefficient of performance (COP)) are also discussed.Moreover,the performances of the ESE engine with Lorentzian transmission probability are compared with those with rectangular transmission probability.It is shown that the power output versus efficiency (or cooling load versus COP) characteristic curves with and without heat leakage are all closed loop-shaped ones.The efficiency (or COP) of the ESE engine decreases as the heat leakage increases.It is found that as the resonance width increases,the power output and efficiency (or cooling load and COP) increase to a maximum and then decrease due to the finite range of energies which contribute positively to the power generation or refrigeration in the electron system.Especially,when heat leakage is taken into account,the characteristic curves of maximum efficiency (or maximum COP) versus half resonance width are parabolic-like ones,which are quite different from the monotonic decreasing characteristic curves obtained in previous analyses without considering heat leakage.The results obtained in this paper can provide some theoretical guidelines for the design and operation of practical electron energy conversion devices such as solid-state thermionic refrigerators.

Observability of Boolean Control Networks with Time-Variant Delays in States

This paper gives an equivalent condition for the observability of Boolean control networks（BCNs） with time-variant delays in states under a mild assumption by using the graph-theoretic method under the framework of the semi-tensor product of matrices. First, the BCN under consideration is split into a finite number of subsystems with no time delays. Second, the observability of the BCN is verified by testing the observability of the so-called observability constructed path（a special subsystem without time delays） based on graph theory. These results extend the recent related results on the observability of BCNs. Examples are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the results.

Power output analyses and optimizations of the Stirling cycle

Based on the finite time thermodynamics theory,the entransy theory and the entropy theory,the Stirling cycles under different conditions are analyzed and optimized with the maximum output power as the target in this paper.The applicability of entransy loss(EL),entransy dissipation(ED),entropy generation(EG),entropy generation number(EGN) and modified entropy generation number(MEGN) to the system optimization is investigated.The results show that the maximum EL rate corresponds to the maximum power output of the cycle working under the infinite heat reservoirs whose temperatures are prescribed,while the minimum EG rate and the extremum ED rate do not.For the Stirling cycle working under the finite heat reservoirs provided by the hot and cold streams whose inlet temperatures and the heat capacity flow rates are prescribed,the maximum EL rate,the minimum EG rate,the minimum EGN and the minimum MEGN all correspond to the maximum power output,but the extremum ED rate does not.When the heat capacity flow rate of the hot stream increases,the power output,the EL rate,the EG rate and the ED rate increase monotonously,while the EGN and the MEGN decrease first and then increase.The EL has best consistency in the power output optimizations of the Stirling cycles discussed in this paper.

Progress in optimization of mass transfer processes based on mass entransy dissipation extremum principle

The mass entransy and its dissipation extremum principle have opened up a new direction for the mass transfer optimization. Firstly, the emergence and development process of both the mass entransy and its dissipalion extremum principle are reviewed. Secondly, the combination of the mass entransy dissipation extremum principle and the finite-time thermodynamics for opti- mizing the mass transfer processes of one-way isothermal mass transfer, two-way isothermal equimolar mass transfer, and iso- thermal throttling and isothermal crystallization are summarized. Thirdly, the combination of the mass entransy dissipation ex- tremum principle and the constructal theory for optimizing the mass transfer processes of disc-to-point and volume-to-point problems are summarized. The scientific features of the mass entransy dissipation extremam principle are emphasized.

Finite dimensional global and exponential attractors for a class of coupled time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations

We study a coupled nonlinear evolution system arising from the Ginzburg-Landau theory for atomic Fermi gases near the BCS (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer)-BEC (Bose-Einstein condensation) crossover.First,we prove that the initial boundary value problem generates a strongly continuous semigroup on a suitable phase-space which possesses a global attractor.Then we establish the existence of an exponential attractor.As a consequence,we show that the global attractor is of finite fractal dimension.