中国生态伦理思想及其在古徽州的实践

生态伦理思想是中国传统文化体系中的一个重要组成部分,源于"易"、"道"哲学及"阴阳五行"学说。它体现了古人对宇宙自然、人、天、地关系的感性体悟和辨证思考。核心成分是强调生态平衡、人与自然和谐共存。古徽州在传承、实践中国传统生态伦理思想,构建与天地、山水相融相谐的人居环境方面堪称典范。

Wear mechanism and serious wear position of casing pipe in vertical backfill drill-hole

Vertical backfill drill-hole is usually a key project in an underground mine with backfill method and can be easily damaged by impact of backfill slurry.Observation of the damaged vertical backfill drill-holes in Jinchuan Nonferrous Metal Corporation（JNMC）,Gansu Province,China,given by a digital drill-hole video camera,indicated that there usually exist serious wear zones in casing pipe in vertical backfill drill-hole（CVBH）.It was suggested that serious wear position of CVBH should be located at an interface between air and solid-liquid mixture within CVBH.Backfill slurry falls freely and impacts the wall of CVBH near the interface with great momentum and energy coming from high speed free fall of backfill slurry.The depth of serious wear position of CVBH,i.e.,free fall height of backfill slurry in CVBH,can be estimated by the height of vertical backfill drill-hole,the length of horizontal pipeline,the density of slurry and the hydraulic gradient of pipeline system.A case study indicated that the estimation equation of serious damage depth of CVBH was of enough accuracy and was helpful for daily maintenance and management of vertical backfill drill-hole.

A Review of Studies on Sino-Kazakhstan Trade under the Belt and Road

As a country with the strongest economic strength and the largest land area in Central Asia, Kazakhstan is also the advocacy and ＂core nation＂ of the SCO with China. Taking full advantage of the existing SCO economic cooperation mechanism and using Kazakhstan as the starting point to speed up the coordinated development of the Silk Road Economic Belt and regional trade is an important measure to speed up the implementation of the strategy of China＇s free trade agreement and to co-ordinate the overall new pattern of opening up. The strategic concept of ＂One Belt and One Road＂ is of great significance for promoting the development of trade liberalization in China and Central Asia and for enhancing China＇s strategic position in the global trade pattern.

Protocol for Trusted Channel Based on Portable Trusted Module

Web-based e-commerce applications need a trusted channel,which provides confidential communication,identity authentication and integrity assurance of endpoints,to guarantee the security of electronic transactions.A user-oriented trusted computing system based on Portable Trusted Module(PTM)is presented.Remote attestation is incorporated into Transport Layer Security(TLS)handshake protocol based on PTM so as to establish a trusted channel between two endpoints in network.This protocol can resist masquerading,trusted path and runtime attacks and propagate the trust in the computing system to the end user effectively.The test results of our proof-of-concept prototype show that our protocol for trusted channel is feasible for deployment in e-commerce applications on the Internet.

Leaky gut and the liver: A role for bacterial translocation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Gut flora and bacterial translocation (BT) play important roles in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and its complications. Intestinal bacterial overgrowth and increased bacterial translocation of gut flora from the intestinal lumen predispose patients to bacterial infections, major complications and also play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disorders. Levels of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, a component of gram-negative bacteria, are increased in the portal and/or systemic circulation in several types of chronic liver disease. Impaired gut epithelial integrity due to alterations in tight junction proteins may be the pathological mechanism underlying bacterial translocation. Preclinical and clinical studies over the last decade have suggested a role for BT in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Bacterial overgrowth, immune dysfunction, alteration of the luminal factors, and altered intestinal permeability are all involved in the pathogenesis of NASH and its complications. A better understanding of the cell-specific recognition and intracellular signaling events involved in sensing gut-derived microbes will help in the development of means to achieve an optimal balance in the gut-liver axis and ameliorate liver diseases. These may suggest new targets for potential therapeutic interventions for the treatment of NASH. Here, we review some of the mechanisms connecting BT and NASH and potential therapeutic developments.

Simulation of aerothermodynamics model on ballistic safety of fusible alloy fuze

In order to ensure the ballistic safety of fusible alloy fuze at reliable delay arming, melting point of fusible alloy needs to be calculated based on projectile velocity at safe time and distance. Taking shrapnel KZVD fuze of Switzerland oerlikon 2ZLa/353 35 mm double barrel self-propelled antiaircraft artillery as an example, based on the aerodynamics heating theory, the calculation of theory model and simulation of projectile head stagnation point temperature were done in initial stage of sim-plified exterior ballistic from engineering viewpoint when the initial projectile velocity was 1 175 m/s and the error was ±15 m/s. The melting point of fusible alloy in the safe distance was obtained by analyzing the temperature of projectile head stagnation point at corresponding projectile velocity. The simulated results indicate that the melting point of fusible alloy de-rived by theoretical calculation is identical with the result of simulation at the velocity range of 1 160 to 1 190 m/s. So the aero- thermodynamics model can be applied to design the fusible alloy fuze of corresponding melting point based on the requirement of safe distance. This method can be taken as the reference in studying the thermodynamic question of projectile flying at high speed.

Extended Moral Responsibility for Kantian Agents

When two Kantian agents engage in inter-dependent transactions with one another, each agent has the responsibility to assure the morality of the other＇s maxim of action and means to implement the maxim. This proposition is proven to be a logical consequence of Kant＇s moral system and stated formally as the K-Completeness theorem. Transactions that satisfy the theorem are called ＂K-Complete.＂ The theorem is generalized to cover transactions with many agents. The paper then models multi-agent K-Complete transactions using mathematical graph theory and shows that such transactions are distinguished from Kant＇s kingdom of ends. Finally, the paper shows that the extended morality provides Kant＇s moral system with the resources to define an ethical community in such as the one in Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason without the introduction of God and a church.

The Factors Affecting Financial Reporting Reliability： An Empirical Research of Public Listed Companies in Thailand

The objective of this research is to examine the antecedents of financial reporting reliability of Thai-listed companies. Accountant professional ethics, accounting information system （AIS） quality, audit committee effectiveness, and audit firm quality are assumed to be the antecedents of financial reporting reliability. The listed companies in the Stock Exchange of Thailand （SET） are samples of the research. A mail survey procedure via the questionnaire was used for data collection from chief accountant officer. The overall results indicate that accountant professional ethics, AIS quality, audit committee effectiveness, and audit firm quality have a positive significant effect on financial reporting reliability. The results reveal that firms should develop accountant professional ethics, AIS quality, audit committee effectiveness, and audit firm quality in order to build reliable financial reporting. Overall, the results of this research contribute to chief accounting officers, accounting practitioners, and firms to emphasize development and support the generation of financial reporting reliability for financial reporting users.

The Opportunities, Challenges and Countermeasures of Energy Cooperation between China and Kazakhstan under the Background of ＂One Belt and One Road＂

Relative to countries such as Russia, the United States, and Europe, China has only recently occupied a place in the energy sector in Kazakhstan. However, after 10 years of hard work, China has come to the fore and the fierce energy competition in Kazakhstan has become an important energy trading partner of Central Asian countries. Therefore, we can learn a lot of experience and lessons from our emphasis on cooperation with China＇s energy trade and research in Central Asian countries. Against the backdrop of fierce international energy competition and the deep implementation of the ＂One Belt and One Road＂ initiative, it is like a double-edged sword for energy trade cooperation between China and Central Asian countries, problem. How China seizes opportunities, resolves challenges, and further deepens pragmatic cooperation in the energy sector with Central Asian countries so as to better protect the country＇ s energy security is a very real issue.

Ethical Trading： The Implications of the Human Rights Watch Report on South African Fruit Exports

This paper presents an ex-ante assessment of the potential implications of the 2011 Human Rights Watch Report on the South African fruit industry. The report explicitly mentions the lack of compliance with ethical codes within the fruit industry, the prevalence of exploitative conditions for farm workers and diverse human rights abuses in farms. The report recommends import ban on culprits as well as engaging third party auditing to ensure compliance. The high vulnerability of the smallholder farmers justified the special interest in the implications on their reputation and hence their ability to access profitable export markets. Although large-scale commercial farmers are potentially at risk of reputational damage due to the Human Rights Watch Report, they are better able to cope owing to their stronger capital base. The opinions of knowledgeable industry insiders were therefore elicited through qualitative research that used a five-point Likert scale to assess perceptions about market access. On the basis of the results, it is probable that the report will lead to improved working conditions for farm workers, improved concern for consumers＇ health, and enforcement of legislation by the govemment. The negative implications involve increased competition, possibility of retailers＇ rationalising their supply base and increased evaluation that ends at the farm gate. There is also high probability of increased marginalisation of the already disadvantaged smallholder suppliers, and possible increase in costs of auditing and accreditation for the entire fruit industry. Thus, active collaboration among all stakeholders to ensure the competitiveness of the fruit industry is inevitable.

The trade network of the Belt and Road Initiative and its topological relationship to the global trade network

Unimpeded trade is one of the cooperation priorities in the Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China. On 15 May 2017, the Joint Communique of the Leaders Roundtable of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation reaffirmed the participants＇ shared commitment to build an open economy and ensure free and inclusive trade. The Belt and Road Initiative （BRI） is not only China＇s new action to drive its open and global develoPment, but also a platform for an increasing number of countries to explore free and inclusive trade and promote a universal, rule-based, open, non-discriminatory, and equitable multilateral trade system. It is therefore important to examine BRI and global trade networks. More specifically, the topological relationship between the this article first analyzes the community structure of trade networks using a community detection algorithm, and then estimates the topological relationship between different trade communities. The findings of this article are as follows. First, this research identified three trade communities and two sub-communities in the BRI trade network, in which China is the core, Russia is the sub-core of the biggest trade community, and India, United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia are cores of the second trade community （South Asia-West Asia）. Second, it identified five trade communities in the global trade network, centred on China, USA, Russia, India-United Arab Emirates, and Ger- many-Netherlands-France-Britain and other European developed countries. Third, the topo- logical analysis indicated that in the global trade network, most BRI countries are attracted by the core nodes of the BRI regions, such as the China, Russia and India-United Arab Emirates core nodes, and have strong trade contacts with BRI countries. Most Central-East European countries are mainly attracted by Germany-Netherlands-France-Britain and other developed European countries with a low penetration of BRI trade. Although some Southeast Asian countries are incorporated into the Asia-Australia-South Africa community with China as the core, they still need to strengthen trade linkages with BRI countries.

Non-ideal space division multiple access and its application

We study the performance of space division multiple access （SDMA） under a non-ideal engineering situation. When the SDMA channel is of high inter-layer correlation and the condition number is large, the multiple user multiple input and multiple output user equipment （MUMIMOUE） grouping should be optimized, and in some cases further dimension-reduction should be applied. As the channel measuring is always non-ideal, we use two methods, feedback mode and non-feedback mode, in terms of performance and overhead. It is proposed that the non-feedback mode is preferable even for some non-reciprocal channels. Prin- ciple analysis and test results are given.

The structure and evolution of trade relations between countries along the Belt and Road

Trade facilitation is one of the five main agendas of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI). Social network analysis has helped understand the complexity of trade networks, but existing studies tend to overlook the fact that not all bilateral trade relations are equally important to a country. To fill this gap in the literature, this paper focuses on the top 2 trade relations networks to illuminate the structure and evolution of B&R trade relations, the relative positions of different countries, and changes in the composition of trade communities(e.g., the community leaders) and the changing patterns of trade between them. We find rich dynamics over time both inter-and intra-communities. The overall international trade networks of B&R countries experienced a leadership change from Russia to China on one hand, some temporary communities experienced emergence, disappearance(e.g. the Kuwait-and Thailand-led communities) or reemergence(e.g. Poland-led community), and a community membership was generally consistent on the other hand. Since the future impacts of China's BRI will depend on the degree of integration of the connected regions, some countries with stable and high centrality indices(e.g. Russia, Singapore, Serbia, Greece, Turkey, Iran, Poland, Hungary and Romania) could be selected by China as strategic regional partners, and countries with a strategically important geographical position but weak trade links(e.g. Myanmar, Pakistan, and Belarus) should be prioritized.

Effect of Gubenfangxiao decoction on respiratory syncytial virus-induced asthma and expression of asthma susceptibility gene orosomucoid 1-like protein 3 in mice

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effect of Gubenfangxiao decoction （GBFXD） on respiratory-syncytial-virus （RSV） -induced asthma and the expression of asthma susceptibility gene, orosomucoid 1-1ike protein 3 （ORMDL3） in mice. METHODS： Seventy-two female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to normal, model, GBFXD high dose, GBFXD moderate dose, GBFXD low dose and montelukast groups. An asthma model was induced via intraperitoneal injection and aerosol inhalation of ovalbumin （OVA） and repeated intranasal instillation of RSV in all mice, except those in the normal group. All treatments were administered at the first onset of asthma （within 8 weeks of model establishment） and the mice were euthanized after 28 days of treatment. The levels of transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） of the mice were measured and the expression of asthma sus- ceptibility gene ORMDL3 in lung tissue was deter- mined using real-time polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and western blotting. RESULTS： Expression of ORMDL3 and levels of TGF-β and IL-6 were significantly higher in the mod- el group （P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01） compared with the normal mice. Levels of ORMDL3, TGF-β and IL-6 were significantly lower in all three GBFXD treated groups （P 〈 0.05） compared with the model group. However, the levels in the GBFXD treatment groups did not differ significantly from the montelukast group. CONCLUSION： GBFXD had a therapeutic effect in this experimental model. The functional mechanism of GBFXD may involve multiple factors, including alleviation of airway inflammation, down-regulation of asthma susceptibility gene ORMDL3 and inhibition of airway remodeling.

Visceral and somatic hypersensitivity, autonomic cardiovascular dysfunction and low-grade inflammation in a subset of irritable bowel syndrome patients

The pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome（IBS） is complex and not fully understood, so the aim of this study was to evaluate whether visceral and somatic hypersensitivity, autonomic cardiovascular dysfunction, and low-grade inflammation of the gut wall are associated with diarrhea-predominant IBS（D-IBS）. Sixty-two patients with D-IBS and 20 control subjects participated in the study. Using the ascending method of limits（AML） protocol, we demonstrated that D-IBS patients had significantly lower sensory thresholds compared with healthy controls（P〈0.001）. Using diverse methods, especially the ischemic sensitivity test, for the first time in China, we confirmed that D-IBS patients have somatic hypersensitivity. They had a significantly higher systolic blood pressure and heart rate after a cold stimulus, indicative of autonomic cardiovascular dysfunction. Compared with the control group, D-IBS patients had a significantly higher level of calprotectin（P〈0.001）. We also found significant correlations between visceral and somatic hypersensitivity, visceral hypersensitivity and autonomic cardiovascular dysfunction, and somatic hypersensitivity and autonomic cardiovascular dysfunction. Our findings may provide valuable suggestions for the treatment of D-IBS.