美国“星座”号航空母舰火劫

1960年12月19日,美国“星座”号航空母舰的85％已经完成。当船还停在布鲁克林海军造船厂的船台时,一场大火在船舷上烧了起来,熊熊大火烧了4个小时,烧伤154人,烧死50人。1959年10月8日命名的“星座”号是当时美国最大的航空母舰之一(福莱斯特级),它是1957年11月14日在布鲁克林海军造船厂首次安装龙骨的。它的排水量为8万吨,耗资两亿七千五百万美元,是当时世界上最大的船,自从安上龙骨以后,“星座”号高度升到25层,如果全部建成,它将由四个发动机驱动,总功率超过30万马力,时速达31海里,能停放100架携带导弹的喷气式飞机,它的名字可以追溯到18世纪晚期。在和平时期,船上水兵有3412人。

美国航空母舰之五十二 CV-64“星座”号

CV-64“星座”号航母是美国海军“小鹰”级超级航母的第二艘，也是美海军第三艘以此名字命名的舰艇，1957年9月14日在纽约海军造船厂开工建造，1960年10月8日下水，1961年10月27日正式入役，首任舰长为沃克海军上校。

承先启后的美国航空母舰——“星座”与“里根”

2003年6月12日，“尼米兹”(Nimitz)级航空母舰的第9号舰艇CVN-76“里根”(Ronald Reagan)号在纽波纽斯造船厂正式开始服役，此舰艇将接替CV-64“星座”（Constellation)号部署在圣迭哥军港为美国海军太平洋舰队注入新血。除了新服役的里根号之外，美国海军还在积极建构新型航母，建造中的“尼米兹”级第10号舰艇CVN-77“布什”(George Bush)号的建造工程已完成23％,而对于研发中的新世代CVN-21航母,美国海军已经与诺格公司签订价值1076亿美元的合同，进行这艘航母的初步系统研发与设计工作。

Mapping Design of a Four-Dimensional 32-ary Signal Constellation over an AWGN Channel

In the bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding,it is desired that any two Hamming neighbors,i.e..signal constellation points whose binary labels are at unit Hamming distance,be separated by a large Euclidean distance.This paper determines the mappings for the 32-ary fourdimensional generalized cross constellation（32-4D-GCC） so that the minimum squared Euclidean distance d_（min）~2 between Hamming neighbors is maximized.Among such mappings,those with minimum multiplicity N（d_（min）~2） are selected.To reduce the large search space,a set of ＂mapping templates,＂ each producing a collection of mappings with the same set partitions of binary labels,is introduced.Via enumeration of mapping templates,it is shown that the optimum d_（min）~2=16and the optimum N（d_（min）~2）=16.Among thousands optimum mappings found by computer search,two of the best performance are presented.

Cooperative DVB-SH Satellite Broadcasting Systems with Rotated Signal Constellations

In this paper,we study the advantages of cooperation in broadcasting systems from a geosynchronous earth orbit(GEO)satellite to mobile terminals(MTs),achieved through a terrestrial complementary ground station(CGS) with fixed installment,which acts as a relay.Moreover and in the context of the digital video broadcasting-satellite-to-handheld(DVB-SH) standard,the performance improvements offered by the rotated constellations method are investigated,where prior transmission,a phase rotation of the transmitted symbols by a fixed angle is applied followed by a random component interleaver.Turbo codes with soft decision decoding and appropriate random channel interleavers are also considered.We present analytical expressions for the bit log-likelihood ratios(LLRs)that are needed for soft decision decoding at the MT turbo decoder,while the code combining technique is adapted to improve the end-to-end(E2E) performance.Then,we obtain through extensive computer simulations the average bit error probability(ABEP) of quadrature phase-shift keying(QPSK) signals received over pure land-mobile satellite(LMS)and pure CGS links for coding rates 1/3 and6/7.Moreover,the optimal rotation angles are obtained for both links.E2 E ABEP results are then presented assuming cooperation between GEO and CGS,while the power allocation issue is investigated under fixed total transmission power.Our performance evaluation results show that by using the constellation rotation technique,a performance gain can be achieved for high coding rates.

The Labors of the Months and the Zodiac Signs in the Cathedral of Otranto： An Iconographical Interpretation of the Symbols of Labor and Time

In 1163, Archbishop Gionata, Abbot of the Monastery of San Nicola of Casole in Puglia （Apulia）, commissioned Pantaleone, a learned monk and artist from the monastery, to decorate the pavement of the cathedral of Otranto with mosaics. This Italian Romanesque cathedral was dedicated to Santa Maria Annunziata or Saint Mary of The Annunciation. In the interior, the floor design in the shape of a tree contains an elaborate biblical program. The encyclopedic narrative of the mosaic symbolically unveils the meaning of the Tree of Life. The ieonography of the pavement＇s program combines biblical and pagan narratives evolving from a natural realm into a heavenly realm. The natural realm begins at the church＇s entrance with the symbolism of the earth-the roots of a tree-expanding through the nave and transept via the tree＇s trunk and its branches, culminating in the apse, at the end of the church, with the foliage oftbe top of the tree. This natural realm meets with the heavenly realm in two ways： at the crossing of the church or at the sacrificial altar, and at the apse of the church. Before reaching the altar or holy area, between the natural realm and the heavenly realm, the zodiac signs with the labors of the months are depicted.

MP-WFRFT and Constellation Scrambling Based Physical Layer Security System

In this paper, a multiple parameters weighted fractional Fourier transform(MPWFRFT) and constellation scrambling(CS) method based physical layer(PHY) security system is proposed. The proposed scheme is executed by two steps. In the first step, MPWFRFT, implemented as the constellation beguiling(CB) method, is applied to change the signal's identity. In the second step the additional pseudo random phase information, regarded as the encryption key, is attached to the original signal to enhance the security. Typically, the pseudo random phase information can be removed effectively by the legitimate receiver. In contrast to the cryptography based encryption algorithms and the conventional PHY secrecy techniques, the main contribution of the proposed scheme is concentrated on the variation in signal's characteristics. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can prevent the exchanging signal from eavesdroppers' classifi cation or inception. Moreover, the proposed scheme can guarantee the BER performance at a tolerate increasing in computational complexity for the legitimate receivers.

我是北京小伙儿 也是美国大兵——访首位在美军航母上服役的华人罗雪

一位北京小伙儿、一位美国大兵，你可曾想过，他们可以是同一个人。 1999年6月18日，这位北京小伙儿任美国“星座”号航空母舰上出现，他不是观光的游客，也不是来探亲访友，从这一人开始，他即将成为任这艘航母上服役的美国大兵。要知道，他许非美国公民，只是持有美国绿卡，

“公爵”的座驾 F-4J“鬼怪”战斗机模型制作

1972年4月，美国发动了针对越南的“后卫I”行动。5月10日，“星座”号航母搭载的第96战斗机中队对河内和海防之间的铁路设施发动空袭。外号“公爵”的兰迪·科宁汉姆和他的伙伴德里斯科尔在上午11：30弹射升空。此前，他已经击落了两架越军飞机，这次驾驶F-4为A-6“入侵者”和A-7“海盗”攻击机护航。当美军机群飞抵目标上空时，遭遇到北越22架米格战斗机的拦截。

机炮战斗机的最后的绝唱美国海军F-8型舰载战斗机的越战历程(下)

首次击落米格-21随着美军轰炸的进一步强化,北越空军也开始提高反击的力度。1966年8月16日,美军首次发现部署在海防机场的米格机在其传统活动空域之外飞行,这些米格机正试图在海防以南上空攻击从“星座”号航母上起飞的A-4攻击机。经过一番混战,双方均无损失,各自撤退。

巡弋世界大洋的现役航母

航空母舰是以舰载机为主要作战工具的大型军舰，实际上它是一座载有一支强大攻击航空部队的高速机动的海上机场。通常，它与护航舰艇组成一个航母战斗群，可将强大的攻击力、高度机动性和很强的生存力融为一体。这种集制空、制海、制电磁能力于一身的，功能全面、攻防兼备的武器装备，其作用是其他舰艇和武器系统不能取代的，是最具生命力的海上作战体系的核心。