“显示”理论:一个新的解释思路

"显示"理论是维特根斯坦为解决划界问题而提出的一种语言分析思想,它在维特根斯坦《逻辑哲学论》中占有重要地位。学界对这种思想进行了不同的解释,从总体上看,主要有三种观点:一是对"显示"理论进行分类;二是对"显示"理论进行宗教解释;三是类型论的解释。在分析了这三种观点的基础上,我们认为这三种解释都存在一定的问题,因此,我们提出了一个基于"显示"理论的新的解释思路。

我国丝绸出口贸易的经济分析

我国丝绸出口贸易的“显示”比较优势指数呈逐年下降的趋势 ,但其数值一直保持在 1 7以上 ,说明我国的丝绸出口与其他出口商品相比仍具有很大的竞争优势 ;我国丝绸出口的相对价格弹性系数为 -0 .3 82 5 ,属于低弹性的商品。降低丝绸出口价格 ,不但无益于丝绸出口量的增加 ,反而会引起出口创汇额的明显下降 ,引起丝绸“出口贫困”现象的产生。稳定我国丝绸出口价格 。

比较优势与青海省农牧业结构调整

本文利用“显示”比较优势法 (RCA)对青海省具有代表性的豆类、食用植物油、活畜禽 (主要为活牛 )、肉食 (主要为冻牛肉 )、蔬菜、中药材、畜产品等几类农畜产品进行定量分析 ,表明青海省农畜品中中药材、豆类、畜产品、活畜禽、肉食具有比较优势 ,而蔬菜、食用植物油不具备比较优势 ,在此基础上对豆类、蔬菜、中药材、畜产品进行了细分及比较优势分析 ,提出了青海省农牧业结构调整的对策建议。

论《世说新语》的视角及其叙事方式

《世说新语》作为"丛残小语"式文言笔记小说,其叙事视角具有同类作品所缺的统一性,在记录后汉至东晋近三百年士人"众生相"时,始终采取相对客观的限知视角,叙事方式呈现重显示、轻讲述的特点,这大大拓展了文本的审美空间,丰富了读者的阅读感受。

Differential Gene Expression Between Wheat Hybrids and Their Parental Inbreds in Primary Roots

To provide an insight into the molecular basis of heterosis, differential display of mRNA was used to analyze the difference of gene expression between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) heterotic hybrid A, nonheterotic hybrid B and their parental inbreds in the primary roots. By using 5′ end random primers in combination with three one-base-anchored primers, it was found that 22.5% and 22.9% of 877 total displayed cDNAs were differentially expressed between hybrid A, B and their parents, respectively. Both quantitative and qualitative differences in gene expression between hybrids and their parental inbreds were obvious, indicating that the patterns of gene expression in hybrids alter significantly as compared to their corresponding parents. On the other hand, by using MADS-box gene specific 5′ end primer for DDRT-PCR, we found that nearly all of the displayed cDNA fragments were polymorphic between hybrids and their parents, and major difference occurred in qualitative level, in which hybrid specific-expressed and silenced genes are the major two patterns, suggesting that MADS-box gene may be important for manifestation of differential gene expression and wheat heterosis. In comparison with our previous results by using seedling leaves, it is indicated that differential gene expression between hybrids and parents is dependent on the tissues tested, and more differentially expressed genes were observed in the primary roots than in the seedling leaves. Therefore, it is concluded that the expressions of both randomly displayed cDNAs and transcription factor genes, such as MADS-box, alter significantly between hybrids and their parents, which might be responsible for the observed heterosis.

HARDWARE-BASED VOXELIZATION FOR TRUE 3-D DISPLAY

An efficient voxelization algorithm is presented for polygonal models by using the hardware support for the 2 D rasterization algorithm and the GPU programmable function to satisfy the volumetric display system. The volume is sampled into slices by the rendering hardware and then slices are rasterated into a series of voxels. A composed buffer is used to record encoded voxels of the target volume to reduce the graphic memory requirement. In the algorithm, dynamic vertexes and index buffers are used to improve the voxelization efficiency. Experimental results show that the algorithm is efficient for a true 3-D display system.

Identification of a Lectin Gene Induced in Rice in Response to Magnaporthe grisea Infection

By mRNA differential display, eight induced cDNAs were obtained from rice leaves infected with an incompatible race 131 of Magnaporthe grisea, and one of these cDNAs was highly similar to salt-induced mannose-binding lectin gene. Using this fragment as a probe, a full length cDNA was isolated from a nice cDNA library, which was constructed using mRNA from the incompatible race-infected leaves. Sequence analysis indicates that the cDNA encodes a protein of 15 kD with 145 amino, acids and shares 96% identity at nucleotide level with MRL and salT, but is identical to MRL at amino acid level. Genomic Southern blotting shows that there are two mannose-binding lectin genes in rice genome. Northern blotting analysis indicates that the gene was strongly and specifically induced in rice leaves infected with the incompatible race, suggesting that the lectin induction be involved in the defense of rice to M. grisea.

NOVEL VOLUMETRIC THREE-DIMENSIONAL DISPLAY SYSTEM

A novel volumetric three-dimensional（3-D） display system is developed based on the human eye persistence and the system fuses a time-series of image slices into a single hologram like 3-D aerial image. The system design is introduced and key components are described. Experimental results show that the 3-D system can guide people freely walk around the display to inspect the true 3-D image without goggles.

Inducible Expression of Translation Elongation Factor 1A Gene in Rice Seedlings in Response to Environmental Stresses

Differences of gene expression between salinity_stressed and control rice ( Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica ) cultivar “Zhaiyeqing 8' were compared using differential display PCR (DD_PCR) technique. Sequence analysis of one salt_inducible cDNA clone revealed that this clone represented a new member of rice translation elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) gene family and was tentatively named REF1A. Northern blot hybridization using REF1A fragment as a probe was performed to investigate the expression of rice translation elongation factor 1A gene in response to various environmental factors. It was observed that expression of the eEF1A gene in rice shoots was dramatically induced by salinity stress or exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA). The induction of this gene by ABA stress occurred more quickly than that by salinity stress. In addition, expression of rice translation elongation factor 1A gene was also induced by drought (15% PEG6000), cold (4 ℃) or heat_shock (37 ℃) stresses. The results suggested that the induction of translation elongation factor 1A gene expression by environmental stresses might reflect the general adaptive response of rice plants to the adverse circumstances.

Seismic data analysis based on spatial subsets

There are some limitations when we apply conventional methods to analyze the massive amounts of seismic data acquired with high-density spatial sampling since processors usually obtain the properties of raw data from common shot gathers or other datasets located at certain points or along lines. We propose a novel method in this paper to observe seismic data on time slices from spatial subsets. The composition of a spatial subset and the unique character of orthogonal or oblique subsets are described and pre-stack subsets are shown by 3D visualization. In seismic data processing, spatial subsets can be used for the following aspects： （1） to check the trace distribution uniformity and regularity; （2） to observe the main features of ground-roll and linear noise; （3） to find abnormal traces from slices of datasets; and （4） to QC the results of pre-stack noise attenuation. The field data application shows that seismic data analysis in spatial subsets is an effective method that may lead to a better discrimination among various wavefields and help us obtain more information.

A Bioactive Diterpene from the Chinese Herb Aster souliei

Aster souliei Franch, (Compositae) is a. herbaceous plant distributed innorth China. It has been used in folk medicine as antipyretic, detoxicant, expectorant andantitussive. In an effort to find biologically active components from Chinese medicinal plants ' ,we have examined the aerial parts of this herb, leading to the isolation of a clerodane-typediterpene, 18, 19-dihydroxy-5α, 10β-neo-cleroda-3, 13 (l4)-dien-16, 15-butenolide (1). In thispaper we report the structural elucidation, and the antitumor and antibacterial activities of thiscompound. It was found that 1 possesses moderate cytotoxicity against human leukemia cells (HL-60)and activity against microorganisms.

RESEARCH OF VOXELIZATION PROCESS IN SWEPT-VOLUME TECHNIQUE

Now the image display techniques have made great progress. The planar display and a fully new true 3-D volumetric display technique are rapidly researched and come into the application. A method based on the voxel makes the observer able to get a true 3-D effect freely without any additional facilities. This paper introduces the basic form of the swept-volume display technique and discusses its voxelization process. By the translational motion prototype, this paper emphasizes how to get the voxel mapping matrix. The translated image data are the data of the beam source deflections. Finally the voxel ordering and the optimizing are also discussed.

Life prediction for vacuum fluorescent display using maximum likelihood estimation

In order to obtain the life information of the vacuum fluorescent display （VFD） in a short time, a model of constant stress accelerated life tests （CSALT） is established with its filament temperature increased, and four constant stress tests are conducted. The Weibull function is applied to describe the life distribution of the VFD, and the maximum likelihood estimation （MLE） and its iterative flow chart are used to calculate the shape parameters and the scale parameters. Furthermore, the accelerated life equation is determined by the least square method, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is performed to verify whether the VFD life meets the Weibull distribution or not, and selfdeveloped software is employed to predict the average life and the reliable life. Statistical data analysis results demonstrate that the test plans are feasible and versatile, that the VFD life follows the Weibull distribution, and that the VFD accelerated model satisfies the linear Arrhenius equation. The proposed method and the estimated life information of the VFD can provide some significant guideline to its manufacturers and customers.

Continuous Pseudocolor Encoding of Thermal Image Display

The visual features of continuous pseudocolor encoding is discussed and the optimiz- ing design algorithm of continuous pseudocolor scale is derived.The algorithm is restricting the varying range and direction of lightness,hue and saturation according to correlation and naturalness,automatically calculating the chromaticity coordinates of nodes in uniform color space to get the longest length of scale path,then interpolating points between nodes in equal color differences to obtain continuous pseudocolor scale with visual uniformity.When it was applied to the pseudocolor encoding of thermal image displays,the results showed that the correlation and the naturalness of original images and cognitive characteristics of target pattern were reserved well;the dynamic range of visual perception and the amount of visual information increased obviously;the contrast sensitivity of target identification improved;and the blindness of scale design were avoided.

Colchicine-induced Melilotus Research

[Objective] The aim was to identify the ploidy of sweet clover induced by colchicine. [Method] The sweet clover germinating seeds and colchicine solution were used for materials to research colchicine-induced Melilotus. [Result] The results showed that the concentration of 0.2% colchicine solution could induced double sweet clover which showed corresponding features of polyploidy plants as a whole showed great features. [Conclusion] Sweet clover induced by colchicine was polyploidy.

MEASUREMENT AND VISUALIZATION OF FLOW FIELD IN AXIAL FLOW FAN

An experimental investigation associated with the basic fluid mechanics in an axial flow fan is described in this paper. The flow field in the tip region has been studied by laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) and flow visualization technique. Some experimental data and images are interpreted to understand the complex interactions between the annulus wall boundary layer and the leakage flow. It shows that the vortex inside the blade passage is produced by the separation of annulus wall boundary layer rather than the rolling up of leakage flow.

VOLUMETRIC-SWEPT DISPLAY SYSTEM BASED ON HELIX ROTATING SCREEN AND DMD

Based on the helix rotating screen and the digital micro-mirror device （DMD）, the former proto of volumetric-swept display system is improved. The 3-D display system adopting a helix rotating screen to construct an imaging space meliorate the defects, such as the smaller image space, the fewer voxels and the severer voxel overlap dead zone caused by planar rotating screen. DMD with spatial light modular （SLM） technology increases the transmission bandwidth of 3-D data in the voxel activation subsystem and activate multi-voxel once time. The volumetric-swept system based on helix rotating screen and DMD is developed. The experimental results show that the image space, the vision dead zone, the voxels on slice, and the voxel activation capacity of the designed proto are superior to the plane rotating screen system.

Identification of differentially expressed genes in dorsal root ganglion in early diabetic rats

Objective To screen and identify differentially expressed genes in the dorsal root ganglion （DRG） in early experimental diabetic rats. Methods Diabetic model rats were induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin （STZ）. At the second week after STZ injection, the sensory nerve conduction velocities （SNCV） of sciatic nerve were measured as an indicator of neuropathy. The technique of silver-staining mRNA differential display polymerase chain reaction （DD-PCR） was used to detect the levels of differentially expressed genes in rat DRG. The cDNA fragments that displayed differentially were identified by reverse-hybridization, cloned and sequenced subsequently, and then confirmed by Northern blot. Results The SNCV in the diabetic model group [n = 9, （45.25±10.38） m/s] reduced obviously compared with the control group [n = 8, （60.10± 11.92） m/s] （P 〈 0.05）. Seven distinct cDNA clones, one was up-regulated gene and the others were downregulated ones, were isolated by silver-staining mRNA differential display method and confirmed by Northern blot. According to the results of sequence alignment with GenBank data, majority of the clones had no significant sequence similarity to previously reported genes except only one that showed high homology to 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase mRNA （accession No., BC059140）, which had not been reported to relate to diabetic neuropathy. Conclusion These differentially expressed genes in the diabetic DRG may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.