肠道微生物“暗物质”与膳食营养对人体健康的影响研究进展

肠道微生物“暗物质”是指在人体肠道中以低丰度或稀有丰度形式存在并影响人体健康,但其作用及其机制有待揭示的肠道微生物。目前对于膳食、肠道微生物群、宿主健康三者之间关系的研究大多集中于人体肠道中高丰度微生物群,而往往忽视了肠道微生物“暗物质”的作用。因此,本文综述了膳食营养、肠道微生物“暗物质”、宿主健康三者之间的相互作用关系以及微生物组学技术的新进展;讨论了探索微生物“暗物质”与人体健康之间作用机制的重要性,为今后通过饮食干预影响肠道微生物,从而预防甚至改善疾病提供新的思路。

“暗物质”:科幻世界与现实隐喻——特蕾西·史密斯《火星生活》书写策略探析

美国非裔诗人特蕾西·史密斯的诗集《火星生活》是一部科幻作品,实则反映美国社会中隐藏的现实问题。史密斯以天文学术语“暗物质”的概念为基础,将关于“暗物质”的启发、描述、隐喻组合成为“暗物质”书写策略。史密斯使用“暗物质”书写策略塑造出作品中的科幻世界进行现实隐喻,以揭示美国暗藏的衰落与“后种族”时代隐蔽的种族问题,展现出不俗的艺术功效。

基因组“暗物质”摭谈

基因组是一个高度结构化的蛋白质—RNA基因机器,非编码区以基因演化和基因表达的组织者或调控分子的身份参与几乎所有的细胞活动。本文介绍了基因组中非编码区在基因演化以及基因表达调控中的作用。

用逻辑探寻言语“暗物质”

所谓言语"暗物质",可以理解为言说者未曾直接说出,但又对直接所说之事起着重要支撑甚或比所说之事更为重要的内容。用逻辑的办法探寻言语"暗物质"是深度阅读的重要途径,具体做法有:挖掘隐含前提;捕捉隐含信息;探寻隐藏假设。

人体微生物“暗物质”:勘探、培养及应用

微生物广泛存在于自然界,其代谢活动对环境和人类健康有重要影响。定植于人体表面和内部的微生物无论从细胞还是基因数量上都远超人体,而90%以上的微生物是未培养的,这严重限制了对人体共生微生物功能的研究。因此,鉴定和分离未知或以前无法培养的微生物的必要性是显而易见的。随着各种技术的进步,可培养的微生物数量不断增加,但仍存在不足。本文论述了利用基因组测序探索微生物"暗物质"的效果,以及分离培养未培养微生物和对其进行开发利用的重要性;综述了当前有效的微生物鉴定和培养技术,如基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)、基因组信息抗体工程等;阐述了微生物与人体健康的相互作用,揭示了人体微生物"暗物质"的潜力,对人体微生物"暗物质"未来的研究和发展进行了讨论。

Dark Matter and Other Phenomena in the Framework of Banded Speed Cosmology

The descriptive capabilities of the banded speed cosmological model are shown. In particular, an in-depth analysis related to the actual physical meaning of Planck＇s unit is given in the framework of the banded distribution of physical quantities. From this analysis the richness and flexibility of the model＇s description capabilities is derived, with particular attention devoted to the ability of using the same relationships for describing both microcosm and macrocosm and also young and old universe. Finally the cited descriptive capabilities are used for deriving a very simple and intuitive explanation of the ＂darkness＂ of dark matter.

Unification of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in a Modified Entropic Force Model

In Verlinde＇s entropic force scenario of gravity, Newton＇s laws and Einstein equations can be obtained from the first principles and general assumptions. However, the equipartition law of energy is invalid at very low temperatures. We show clearly that the threshold of the equipartition law of energy is related with horizon of the universe. Thus, a one-dimensional Debye （ODD） model in the direction of radius of the modified entropic force （MEF） may be suitable in description of the accelerated expanding universe. We present a Friedmann cosmic dynamical model in the ODD-MEF framework. We examine carefully constraints on the ODD-MEF model from the Union2 compilation of the Supernova Cosmology Project （SCP） collaboration, the data from the observation of the large-scale structure （LSS） and the cosmic microwave background （CMB）, i.e. SNe Ia＋LSS＋CMB. The combined numerical analysis gives the best-fit value of the model parameters （ -10^-9 and Ωm0= 0.224, with 2 = Xmin= 591.156. The corresponding age of the universe agrees with the result of D. Spergel et al. [J.M. Bardeen, B. Carter, and S.W. Hawking, Commun. Math. Phys. 31 （1973） 161] at 95% confidence level. The numerical result also yields an accelerated expanding universe without invoking any kind of dark energy. Taking ζ（= 2πωD/ H0 ） as a running parameter associated with the structure scale r, we obtain a possible unified scenario of the asymptotic flatness of the radial velocity dispersion of spiral galaxies, the accelerated expanding universe and the Pioneer 10/11 anomaly in the entropic force framework of Verlinde.

A Two-Dimensional Brans—Dicke Star Model with Exotic Matter and Dark Energy

A two-dimensional Brans-Dicke star model with exotic matter and dark energy is studied in this paper,the field equation and balance equation are derived at finite temperature,the analytic solutions of these equations canbe used to calculate the mass of star.In addition,we find that star's mass has a minimum when matter state parameterγ→0.

Gauge Model with massive Gravitons

Gauge theory of gravity is formulated based on principle of local gauge invariance. Because the model hasstrict local gravitational gauge symmetry, and gauge theory of gravity is a perturbatively renormalizable quantum model.However, in the original model, all gauge gravitons are massless. We want to ask whether there exist massive gravitonsin Nature. In this paper, we will propose a gauge model with massive gravitons. The mass term of gravitational gaugefield is introduced into the theory without violating the strict local gravitational gauge symmetry. Massive gravitons canbe considered to be possible origin of dark energy and dark matter in the Universe.

Large Number,Dark Matter,Dark Energy,and Superstructures in the Universe

Since there may exist dark matter particles ν and δ with mass - 10^-1 e V in the universe, the superstructures with a scale of 10^19 solar masses （large number A - 10^19） appeared during the era near and before the hydrogen recombination. Since there are superstructures in the universe, there may be no necessity for the existence of dark energy. For checking the superstructure in the universe by CMB anisotropy, we need to measure CMB angular power spectrum especially around ten degrees across the sky- in more details, While neutrino u is related to electroweak unification, the fourth stable elementary particle 6 may be related to strong-gravity unification, which suggests p ＋ p^- → n ＋ δ^- and that some new baryons appeared in the TeV region.

Determining Nuclear Form factor for Detection of Dark Matter in Relativistic Mean Field Theory

In this work, we derive the nuclear form factor for the spin-independent collision between the WIMPs and nucleus in terms of the relativistic mean field （RMF） theory. Comparison with the traditional form factors which are commonly used in literature is given and it is found that our results are slightly above that of the 2PF model by 4% to 8%, but deviate from the Helm form factor by 15% to 25% for the whole recoil energy spectrum of 0 -100 keV. Moreover, taking Xe and Ge as examples, we show the dependence of the form Factor on the recoil energy.

Reconstructing Equation of State for Dark Energy in Double Complex Symmetric Gravitational Theory

We propose to study the accelerating expansion of the universe in the double complex symmetric gravitational theory （DCSGT）. The universe we live in is taken as the real part of the whole spacetime MC^4（J）, which is double complex. By introducing the spatially flat FRW metric, not only the double Friedmann equations but also the two constraint conditions py = 0 and J^2 = 1 are obtained. Farthermore, using parametric DL（z） ansatz, we reconstruct the ω/（z） and V（Ф） for dark energy from real observational data. We find that in the two cases of J = i, pJ = 0, and J = ε, pJ≠0, the corresponding equations of state ω＇（z） remain close to -1 at present （z = 0） and change from below -1 to above -1. The results illustrate that the whole spacetime, i.e. the double complex spacetime MC^4（J）, may be either ordinary complex （J = i, pJ = 0） or hyperbolic complex （J = ε, pJ≠ 0）. And the fate of the universe would be Big Rip in the future.

Restudy on Dark Matter Time-Evolution in the Littlest Higgs Model with T-Parity

Following previous study, in the littlest Higgs model （LHM）, the heavy photon is supposed to be a possiL dark matter candidate and its relic abundance of the heavy photon is estimated in terms of the Boltzman- Lee-Weinba time-evolution equation. The effect of the T-parity violation is also considered. Our calculations show that when Higmass MH taken to be 300 GeV and do not considering T-parity violation, only two narrow ranges 133 〈 MAH 〈 135 Ge and 167 〈 MAH〈 169 GeV are tolerable with the current astrophysical observation and if 135 〈 MAH 〈 167 GeV there must at least exist another species of heavy particle contributing to the cold dark matter. As long as the T-pari; can be violated, the heavy photon can decay into regular standard model particles and would affect the dark matt abundance in the universe, we discuss the constraint on the T-parity violation parameter based on the present dat Direct detection prospects are also discussed in some detail.

Dark Matter from Our Probabilistic Gravity

Existence of dark stuff （dark matter ＋ dark energy） is overwhelming. The WIMPs （Weakly interacting massive particles） hypnotized for the existence of dark stuffhave not been detected. We are exploring the linkage of our quantum mechanical probabilistic and gravity to the issue of dark stuff in the universe. Our new horizon gives us a deeper insight, pointing to small black holes as candidates of dark stuff. We invoke the spooky nature of quantum physics which gets spookier to hold the universe together.

Solution of Modern Thermo Physical Problems of Applied External and Internal Aerodynamics with Dark Matter-Energy Simulation

The paper is devoted to new, experimentally registered thermo physical problems of high temperature applied external and internal aerodynamics which is defined first of all by intensive interaction of the gaseous media and thermal radiation. The first report section analyses basic complexities of designing high temperature air breathing engines related to origin of so-called ＂unexpected＂ heat of working process. The next parts of the report consider physical, chemical and plasma features of aerodynamics of reentry space blunt bodies and meteors with specified account of thermal radiation influence. Our solutions are based on the classical Dark Matter-Energy simulation. We present special experimental data for Dark Matter pressure registration on the earth conditions.

Dark Matter Particle Explorer, the First Satellite of China Space Science Pilot Project

The Dark Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE) is the first high energy detector satellite in China,whose physics goal is to find evidence of the existence of dark matter particles by investigating the composition and energy spectra of primary cosmic rays,especially those for electrons,positrons and gamma rays,over the dynamic range from 5 Ge V to 10 Te V.DAMPE is a satellite launched by China with the largest payload ratio,where the payload is composed of a BGO(Bismuth Germanate Oxide) Calorimeter,a Plastic Scintillator Detector,a Silicon Tungsten Tracker and a Neutron Detector.This paper introduces the technical scheme of DAMPE,including requirement analysis,composition,technical innovation,on-orbit status and prospect of development for the future.

Tracking the Voice of Dark Matter in Space

On the early morning of Dec 17,2015,China successfully sent"Wukong",its first dark matter particle detector satellite into the preset orbit(page 209).Independently designed and developed by CAS,this satellite unveiled a new era of space science for China.In an interview with BCAS,Prof.Roger-Maurice Bonnet,former Science Director of ESA made comments on CAS'science satellite program and space science(page 211).

Achieving Ambitions in Space Science:Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches——An Interview with Prof.Roger-Maurice Bonnet

At the time when Chinese scientists are hailing the successful launch of the DAMPE,a satellite to detect possible dark matter particles in space,and meanwhile expecting the launch of further space missions,we have the honor to invite Prof.Roger-Maurice Bonnet,former Science Director of ESA(the European Space Agency)to glve comments and advice on project management in the field of space science.

未/难培养微生物可培养策略研究:机遇与挑战

微生物分布广泛、种类众多、功能多样,虽体积微小但功能强大,关乎人类的安全健康和生态的稳定发展,在整个地球生命系统中起着举足轻重的作用。17世纪以来,研究者们一直努力获得、了解和利用这些微生物,然而目前分离方法的局限性使得环境中绝大部分微生物仍不能被纯培养,严重阻碍了我们对微生物生命活动规律的认知。因此,如何分离获得这些仍未被培养出来的“暗物质”是微生物研究面临的严峻挑战和重大机遇。本文分析了环境中制约微生物分离培养的因素,综述未/难培养微生物可培养研究的最新进展,着重论述优化的传统培养方法及网络导向培养、膜扩散培养、微流控分选培养和细胞分选培养等新型技术的应用,并对未来研究进行展望,探索多技术联合使用策略,为未/难微生物资源的挖掘及开发利用提供借鉴。