从“曲论”到“剧评”——戏曲批评的一种流变与生成路径

在以"曲"为本的中国古典戏曲理论及批评中,隐藏着可喜的潜流,即对戏曲"戏剧性"及"综合性"的关照。当"戏剧性"作为评价标准置换"音乐性"这一评价标准,并对戏曲艺术作出"整体性"审视时,戏曲评论亦由"曲论"嬗变为"剧评"。

Nonholonomic Theory of Principal-direction Orthonormal Basis for a Layer of Surfaces

In order to carry out tensor analysis in a neighborhood of a reference surface,the principal-direction orthogonal basis accompanying with Lame s coefficients or general curvilinear coordinate systems are widely used.A novel kind of field theory termed as the nonholonomic theory of the Principal-Direction Orthonormal Basis(PDOB)is presented systematically in the present paper,in which the formal Christoffel symbols are related directly to the principal and geodesic curvatures with respect to the principal directions of the surface.Furthermore,a systematic and simple way to determine the curvatures of the surface are presented with some examples.It provides a way to recognize qualitatively the bending property of a surface.

BUCKLING ANALYSIS OF WOVEN FABRIC UNDER SIMPLE SHEAR IN WARP DIRECTION

Buckling of a woven fabric is analyzed in this paper when it is subjected to a simple shear in warp direction.The equation to determine the buckling direction (buckling wave direction) is obtained and it is found that the buckling direction is related to the critical amount of shear.It is shown that the out-of-plane buckling of fabric is possible and only a flexural buckling mode can exist.The buckling condition for flexural mode is obtained and the curve for that is illustrated.

Correlation between the Change in the Number of Apis mellifera Worker Bees and Nectar Secretion of Nectariferous Plants

[Objective] This study aimed to clarify the correlation between changes of Apis mel ifera and the nectar secretion characteristics of nectariferous plants. [Method] Considering the nectar secretion characteristics of major and auxiliary nec-tariferous plants, six Apis mel ifera colonies were selected for measure the number of eggs, larvae, pupae and adult bees from Jan. to Dec. in 2012; based on that, their annual change curves were also plotted. [Result] The results showed that there were three peaks of the total number of A. mel ifera workers throughout the year：the first occurred on May 15th, with bees developed into an ideal population for col-lecting pomegranate nectar, and the second and third peaks occurred on July 15th and Oct. 15th, respectively, with bees developed into an ideal population for col ect-ing E. ciliate （Thuab） Hyland. [Conclusion] Prevention of Varroa jacobsoni should be carried out with two or more types of acaricides at the late nectar flow stages of the two nectariferous plants（pomegranate and E. ciliate （Thuab） Hyland） when there was a nectar deficiency. Prevention of Tropilaelaps clareae should be timely per-formed with sublimed sulfur in conjunction with acaricides. This study provides a theoretical basis for the high-quality and high-yielding production of honey, as wel as for the product safety.

APPROXIMATION OF INTERVAL BEZIER SURFACES

Based on the conception of perturbation, an approach to the interval Bezier surfaces approximating ra- tional surfaces is presented using the energy minimization method. The method places more restrictions on the perturbation surfaces than the original surfaces. The applications of the approach are also presented. Experimen- tal result is combined with the subdivision method to obtain a piecewise interval polynomial approximation for a rational surface.

KG_2 over Rings with Division Rings of Quotients

A presentation of hyperbolic unitary group is an important part in the unitary group. The group KG 2,n (R) plays an elementary role in presentation of unitary group. It is proved that KG 2,n(R)=1 for n≥2 over a ring R with division ring of quotients, using a new method, and a presentation of GE n(R) is given.

Development of a New Index for Integrating Landscape Patterns with Ecological Processes at Watershed Scale

Understanding the relationship between landscape pattems and ecological processes has been a central yet challenging research theme in landscape ecology. Over the past decades, many landscape metrics have been proposed but few directly incorporated ecological processes. In this paper, we developed a landscape index, namely, location-weighted landscape index （LWLI） to highlight the role of landscape type in ecological processes, such as nutrient losses and soil erosion. Within the framework of the Lorenz curve theory, we develop this index by integrating land- scape pattern and point-based measurements at a watershed scale. The index can be used to characterize the contribution of landscape pattern to ecological processes （e.g. nutrient losses） with respect to a specific monitoring point in a watershed. Through a case study on nutrient losses in an agricultural area in northeastern China, we found that nutrient losses tended to be higher for a watershed with a higher LWLI value, and vice versa. It implied that LWLI can be used to evaluate the potential risk of nutrient losses or soil erosion by comparing their values across watersheds. In addition, this index can be extended to characterize ecological processes, such as the effect of landscape pattern on wildlife inhabitation and urban heat island effect. Finally, we discuss several problems that should be paid attention to when applying this index to a heterogeneous landscape site.

Exact Solutions for Einstein＇s Hyperbolic Geometric Flow

In this paper we investigate the Einstein＇s hyperbolic geometric flow and obtain some interesting exact solutions for this kind of flow. Many interesting properties of these exact solutions have also been analyzed and we believe that these properties of Einstein＇s hyperbolic geometric flow are very helpful to understanding the Einstein equations and the hyperbolic geometric flow.

Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering of Aflatoxin B1 on Silver by DFT Method

The structure, electrostatic properties, and Raman spectra of aflatoxin B1 （AFB1） and AFB1-Ag complex are studied by density functional theory with B3LYP/6- 311G（d,p）/Lan12dz basis set. The results show that the surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） and pre-resonance Raman spectra of AFB1-Ag complex strongly depend on the adsorption site and the excitation wavelength found to enhance 102-103 order compared to of the incident light. The SERS factors are normal Raman spectrum of AFB1 molecule due to the larger static polarizabilities of the AFB1-Ag complex, which directly results in the stronger chemical enhancement in SERS spectra. The pre-resonance Raman spectra of AFB1-Ag complex are explored at 266, 482, 785, and 1064 nm incident light wavelength, in which the enhancement factors are about 10^2-10^4, mainly caused by the charge-transfer excitation resonance. The vibrational modes are analyzed to explain the relationship between the vibrational direction and the enhanced Raman intensities.

Restricted Edge Connectivity of Binary Undirected Kautz Graphs

A restricted edge cut is an edge cut of a connected graph whose removal resultsin a disconnected graph without isolated vertices. The size of a minimum restricted edge cutof a graph G is called its restricted edge connectivity, and is denoted by λ′(G). Let ξ(G) bethe minimum edge degree of graph G. It is known that λ′(G) ≤ξ(G) if G contains restrictededge cuts. Graph G is called maximal restricted edge connected if the equality holds in thethe preceding inequality. In this paper, undirected Kautz graph UK(2, n) is proved to bemaximal restricted edge connected if n ≥ 2.

Vertical Upheaval Buckling of Submarine Buried Heated Pipelines with Initial Imperfection

In this paper,a theoretical solution of vertical buckling is proposed with regard to the typical initial imperfection cases of submarine pipelines.Analytical tools are applied to predicting the occurrence and consequence of inservice buckling of a buried heated pipeline in Bohai Gulf.An evaluation is performed to ensure the pipeline structural integrity during operation under loading conditions.Different protection measures are proposed and their validities are analyzed.Analyses show that for the same magnitude of initial imperfection,the upheaval buckling of pipeline with isolated prop model is the most likely to occur.The empathetic model represents a special sub-case of continuous prop model,and the calculated buckle temperature is between the first stage and the second stage of post-upheaval buckling of continuous prop model.And the larger the initial imperfection,the less the axial force required for the upheaval buckling.Meanwhile,it can be seen that a peak point appears on the curves of temperature difference against buckling amplitude for small initial imperfection.Besides,trenching-burial is one kind of protection measures preventing the pipeline from thermal upheaval.The covered depth-to-diameter ratio depends on the design conditions and subsoil properties.For the given pipeline in this paper,the covered depth-to-diameter ratio is recommended to be 5.

Influence of deflection angles on flow behaviours in openchannel bends

The deflection angle of a river bend plays an important role on behaviours of the flow within it, and a clear understanding of the angle's influence is significant in both theoretical study and engineering application. This paper presents a systematic numerical investigation on effects of deflection angles(30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, and 180°) on flow phenomena and their evolution in open-channel bends using a Re-Normalization Group(RNG) κ-ε model and a volume of fluid(VOF) method. The numerical results indicate that the deflection angle is a key factor for flows in bends. It is shown that the maximum transverse slope of water surface occurs at the middle cross section of a bend, and it increases with the deflection angle. Besides a major vortex, or, the primary circulation cell near the channel bottom, a secondary vortex, or, an outer bank cell, may also appear above the former and near the outer bank when the deflection angle is sufficiently large, and it will gradually migrate towards the inner bank and evolve into an inner bank cell. The strength of the secondary circulations increases with the deflection angle. The simulation demonstrates that there is alow-stress zone on the bed near the outer bank and a high-stress zone on the bed near the inner bank, and both of them increase in size with the deflection angle. The maximum of shear stress on the inner bank increases nonlinearly with the angle, and its maximums on the outer bank and on the bed take place when the deflection angle becomes 120°.

Novel Solutions of KdV Equation

Some novel solutions of the KdV equation are obtained through the modified bilinear B?cklund transformation.

ON THE DESIGN OF A NEW HUMAN COMFORT INDEX

In designing the human comfort index (CI) used in Guangzhou, a Gaussian curve was adopted as the fundamental profile to develop a traw hat?model of comfort index. The model projects low or high temperatures into low index values and the moderate temperatures into high index values. Air temperature was chosen as a basic factor in the model. Other factors such as humidity, sunshine and wind speed were introduced by considering them as temperature departures to an equivalent apparent temperature (EAT). Since the index is a relative index, 25C was chosen as an ideal apparent temperature (the most comfortable state) and a maximum CI value of 100 was assigned at this temperature. While in other circumstances, the index would be lower than 100. By utilizing this model, the daily comfort index values had been calculated for Guangzhou city for 1998-1999, using mean temperature, mean humidity, mean wind speed and total hours of sunshine. Results show that the new model was reasonable and practicable. Not only could it reflect the monthly variation of human comfort in Guangzhou, but also was sensitive to short-term changes of weather conditions.

Singularity Theory on Buckling of Compressible Slender Rods with Deformation of Cross Section

The crucial effect of compressibility of rods on their instability is novelly demonstrated via singularity theory. It is shown that the critical load of compressible rod is always greater than the one of the Euler rod, and a subcritical pitchfork bifurcation, which cannot occur for the Euler rod, may occur for a compressible rod. A whole bifurcation diagram of compressible rods is as follows ： when the original slenderness ratio of a compressible rod, $o is smaller than （1 ＋ v/3 √3π/2,, the rod does not buckle; when So∈ [1＋ v/3）3√3π/2 ,（1＋v/5）5 5√5π/4）,the rod may undergo a subcritical pitchfork bifurcation and a collapse may occur; when So ∈ [1＋ v/5）5√5π/4 ＋ ∞）, the rod may undergo a supercritical pitchfork bifurcation. The deformation of cross section of rods causes a little shift of bifurcation points towards to the one corresponding to larger slenderness ratio.

Study on size-dependent bending behavior of axially functionally graded microbeams via nonlocal strain gradient theory

Based on the nonlocal strain gradient theory(NSGT),the static bending behaviors of an axially functionally graded(AFG)Bernoulli-Euler microbeam subjected to concentrated and distributed loads are studied.The material property of the AFG microbeam changes continuously along the longitudinal direction.On the basis of the minimum potential energy principle,the equations of motion and associated classical and non-classical boundary conditions are derived.Then,Galerkin’s weighted residual method in conjunction with the normalization technique are utilized to solve the governing differential equations.The transverse deformations of the AFG microbeam suffering the sinusoidal distributed load within the framework of NSGT,nonlocal elasticity theory(NET),strain gradient theory(SGT)and classical elasticity theory(CET)are compared.It is observed that the bending flexibility of the microbeam decreases with the increase in the ratio of the material length scale parameter to the beam height.However,the bending flexibility increases with the increase in the material nonlocal parameter.The functionally graded parameter plays an important role in controlling the transverse deformation.This study provides a theoretical basis and a technical reference for the design and analysis of AFG micro-beams in the related regions.

Two-Flux Colliding Plane Waves in String Theory

We construct the two-flux colliding plane wave solutions in higher-dimensional gravity theory with dilaton,and two complementary fluxes. Two kinds of solutions have been obtained: Bell-Szekeres (BS) type and homogeneous type. After imposing the junction condition, we find that only the BS type solution is physically well-defined. Furthermore, we show that the future curvature singularity is always developed for our solutions.

Locating the cocktail and scaling-relation breaking effects of high-entropy alloy catalysts on the electrocatalytic volcano plot

High entropy alloys(HEAs)have been the star materials in electrocatalysis research in recent years.One of their key features is the greatly increased multiplicity of active sites compared to conventional catalytic materials.This increased multiplicity stimulates a cocktail effect and a scaling-relation breaking effect,and results in improved activity.However,the multiplicity of active sites in HEAs also poses new problems for mechanistic studies.One apparent problem is the inapplicability to HEA catalysts of the currently most popular mechanistic study method,which uses the electrocatalytic theoretical framework(ETF)based on the computational hydrogen electrode(CHE).The ETF uses a single adsorption energy to represent the catalyst,i.e.,a catalyst is represented by a'point'in the volcanic relationship.It naturally does not involve the multiplicity of active sites of a catalyst,and hence loses brevity in expressing the cocktail effect and scaling-relation breaking effect in HEA catalysis.This paper attempts to solve this inapplicability.Based on the fact that the adsorption energy distribution of HEAs is close to a normal distribution,the mean and variance of the adsorption energy distribution are introduced as descriptors of the ETF,replacing the original single adsorption energy.A quantitative relationship between the variance and the cocktail and scaling-relation braking effects is established.We believe the method described in this work will make the ETF more effective in mechanistic studies of HEA electrocatalysis.

On Growth and Covering Theorem for a Kind of Spiral-like Mappings

In this paper, we deduce growth and covering theorem for f（x） by the othermeans where f（x） is strongly spiral-like mapping of type β with order α defined on UnitBall B of complex Banach space and still give growth upper bound and distortionbound for subordinate mapping.

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE BASED ON TWO SURFACE ELASTOPLASTIC MODEL

This paper presents finite element formulas based on two Surface elastoplastic yielding model. The study also discusses the numerical procedures and develops the corresponding software. These formulas have provided accurate elastoplastic method for analysing concrete, rock and soil like materials.