Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a chronic condition with a pathogenic background that involves both genetic and environmental factors.Although important progress has been made regarding the former in the last decad...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a chronic condition with a pathogenic background that involves both genetic and environmental factors.Although important progress has been made regarding the former in the last decade,scarce knowledge is available for the latter.In this sense,smoking remains the most important environmental factor in IBD.Active smoking increases the risk of developing Crohn's disease(CD).Moreover,CD patients who start or continue smoking after disease diagnosis are at risk for poorer outcomes such as higher therapeutic requirements and disease-related complications,as compared to those patients who quit smoking or who never smoked.However,the harmful effect of active smoking is not uniform in all patients or in all clinical scenarios.Interventions designed to facilitate smoking cessation may impact the course of the disease.In this article,the available evidence of the deleterious effects of smoking on CD is reviewed in detail,and alternative therapeutic approaches to CD in smokers are proposed.展开更多
Ulsan port is the hugest industry-oriented port in South Korea. It has the third highest traffic volume of cargo, and also it has the most liquid bulk in Korea. However, on account of thoughtless development, there ar...Ulsan port is the hugest industry-oriented port in South Korea. It has the third highest traffic volume of cargo, and also it has the most liquid bulk in Korea. However, on account of thoughtless development, there are other cases like Ulsan port that liquid cargo and general cargo are simultaneously handled. The demurrage ratio takes up to 12.5% of probability on average. In 2010, it has less room at berths for liquid bulk than general cargo and it totally has 107% of processing ratio （throughput）. This indicates that Ulsan port concentrates on liquid cargo more than general cargo depending on the characteristics of the port. This research suggests the effects as alternatives for efficiency and effectivity at both ports, Ulsan port and Pohang port in the case that the general cargo handled in Ulsan port is relocated to Pohang port in terms of the characteristics of products which Pohang port and its hinterland the most focused on. Namely, we estimate volume of relocated volume suitable for relocation in assumption that volume handled in Ulsan port is relocated to Pohang port scenario by scenario, analyze the effects of relocated volume, and suggest alternatives for vitalizing Ulsan port.展开更多
as one of our country’s quintessence forms, Wushu is an important cultural inherit with rich connotation of national spirits. In recent years, there are more and more attentions people pay to the importance of spread...as one of our country’s quintessence forms, Wushu is an important cultural inherit with rich connotation of national spirits. In recent years, there are more and more attentions people pay to the importance of spreading national spirit, and it is also the vital part of Chinese dreams, the easy approach to Chinese dreams. Youth, an irreplaceable position and function in the country building, will be the important power to facilitate our country. Therefore, our country pays great attention to the physical constitution, and open up Wushu activity could be the important approach to improved physical constitution. This article will analyze the relationship between national spirits and Wushu spirits, and state the meanings and functions of launching Wushu activity among youth. In the end of the article, the article will come up with the approach about developing youth Wushu activity in the context of national spirits.展开更多
The exploitation of new methodologies and indicators is considered valuable in measuring a key macroeconomic indicator like the external debt. The recent Portuguese economic developments illustrate the need and useful...The exploitation of new methodologies and indicators is considered valuable in measuring a key macroeconomic indicator like the external debt. The recent Portuguese economic developments illustrate the need and usefulness of having a multidimensional approach of this indicator, with several balance of payment items, such as the current and the capital account balances, the foreign direct investment or the reserves assets being carefully analysed when reading the external conditions faced by the economy. Only such an approach can provide with a comprehensive measure of external debt consistent across the range of debt instruments, institutional sectors and valuation methods used. This paper develops an assessment of external debt measures and concludes about their potential advantages and disadvantages. Comparisons are made by focusing on alternatives like gross external debt against net external debt, external debt vis-h-vis international investment position, and external debt at nominal value against external debt at market value.展开更多
This paper presents the analytical results of substitution and complementary effect of fiscal changes, by applies the variance decomposition technique to totally isolate the growth effect of components in government＇...This paper presents the analytical results of substitution and complementary effect of fiscal changes, by applies the variance decomposition technique to totally isolate the growth effect of components in government＇s public expenditures on GDP. We concluded from the empirical analysis, that the government＇s purchase expenditure （Gc） has a significant explanatory power on the long-term economic growth. However, extra budget expenditure （YWZ） and the government＇s fundamental investment （TR） only have substitution effects with limited impact on the long-term economical growth.展开更多
基金Supported by CIBEREHD,funded by the Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ,from the Spanish Ministry of Health
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a chronic condition with a pathogenic background that involves both genetic and environmental factors.Although important progress has been made regarding the former in the last decade,scarce knowledge is available for the latter.In this sense,smoking remains the most important environmental factor in IBD.Active smoking increases the risk of developing Crohn's disease(CD).Moreover,CD patients who start or continue smoking after disease diagnosis are at risk for poorer outcomes such as higher therapeutic requirements and disease-related complications,as compared to those patients who quit smoking or who never smoked.However,the harmful effect of active smoking is not uniform in all patients or in all clinical scenarios.Interventions designed to facilitate smoking cessation may impact the course of the disease.In this article,the available evidence of the deleterious effects of smoking on CD is reviewed in detail,and alternative therapeutic approaches to CD in smokers are proposed.
文摘Ulsan port is the hugest industry-oriented port in South Korea. It has the third highest traffic volume of cargo, and also it has the most liquid bulk in Korea. However, on account of thoughtless development, there are other cases like Ulsan port that liquid cargo and general cargo are simultaneously handled. The demurrage ratio takes up to 12.5% of probability on average. In 2010, it has less room at berths for liquid bulk than general cargo and it totally has 107% of processing ratio （throughput）. This indicates that Ulsan port concentrates on liquid cargo more than general cargo depending on the characteristics of the port. This research suggests the effects as alternatives for efficiency and effectivity at both ports, Ulsan port and Pohang port in the case that the general cargo handled in Ulsan port is relocated to Pohang port in terms of the characteristics of products which Pohang port and its hinterland the most focused on. Namely, we estimate volume of relocated volume suitable for relocation in assumption that volume handled in Ulsan port is relocated to Pohang port scenario by scenario, analyze the effects of relocated volume, and suggest alternatives for vitalizing Ulsan port.
文摘as one of our country’s quintessence forms, Wushu is an important cultural inherit with rich connotation of national spirits. In recent years, there are more and more attentions people pay to the importance of spreading national spirit, and it is also the vital part of Chinese dreams, the easy approach to Chinese dreams. Youth, an irreplaceable position and function in the country building, will be the important power to facilitate our country. Therefore, our country pays great attention to the physical constitution, and open up Wushu activity could be the important approach to improved physical constitution. This article will analyze the relationship between national spirits and Wushu spirits, and state the meanings and functions of launching Wushu activity among youth. In the end of the article, the article will come up with the approach about developing youth Wushu activity in the context of national spirits.
文摘The exploitation of new methodologies and indicators is considered valuable in measuring a key macroeconomic indicator like the external debt. The recent Portuguese economic developments illustrate the need and usefulness of having a multidimensional approach of this indicator, with several balance of payment items, such as the current and the capital account balances, the foreign direct investment or the reserves assets being carefully analysed when reading the external conditions faced by the economy. Only such an approach can provide with a comprehensive measure of external debt consistent across the range of debt instruments, institutional sectors and valuation methods used. This paper develops an assessment of external debt measures and concludes about their potential advantages and disadvantages. Comparisons are made by focusing on alternatives like gross external debt against net external debt, external debt vis-h-vis international investment position, and external debt at nominal value against external debt at market value.
文摘This paper presents the analytical results of substitution and complementary effect of fiscal changes, by applies the variance decomposition technique to totally isolate the growth effect of components in government＇s public expenditures on GDP. We concluded from the empirical analysis, that the government＇s purchase expenditure （Gc） has a significant explanatory power on the long-term economic growth. However, extra budget expenditure （YWZ） and the government＇s fundamental investment （TR） only have substitution effects with limited impact on the long-term economical growth.
