“很+有+名词”及相关句式结构与语义分析

现代汉语中"很+有+名词"及相关句式,如"很+有+数量词+名词"、"大+有+名词"这样的结构较为常见。问题的焦点集中在此类结构中名词的性质,并据此对"很+有+名词"不同的否定形式进行了分析探讨。以期对母语不是汉语的学习者有所帮助,在日常交流和写作中减少误用、滥用的现象发生。

A(k,n) Threshold Nominative Proxy Signature Scheme for Electronic Commerce

By using the Lagrange interpolation formula and the technology of signature of equality, a (k, n) threshold nominative proxy signature scheme is proposed, where an original signer delegates his (her) signing power to a proxy, who generates a nominative signature on behalf of the original signer and only k or more active verifiers in the n nominees (verifiers) nominated by the proxy signer can verify the signature signed by the proxy. If necessary, these (k or more) active nominees (verifiers) can prove its validity to a third party. In this scheme, the secret shares are generated and en- crypted by the original signer. At the same time, the ciphertexts of the secret shares are used as parts of the signature. Then, the secret shares need not be sent to the nominees (verifiers) secretly. The ordinary nominative proxy signature can be viewed as a (1, 1) threshold nominative proxy signature. The ordinary nominative proxy signature can be viewed as a special case of a (k, n) threshold nominative proxy signature. According to the security analysis of this paper, it is found that our scheme is secure against a proxy signing key forgery attack and existential forgery on an adaptive chosen message attack.

Alliance-Authentication Protocol in Clouds Computing Environment

Security has been regarded as one of the hardest problems in the development of cloud computing. This paper proposes an AllianceAuthentication protocol among Hybrid Clouds that include multiple private clouds and/or public clouds. Mu tual authentication protocol among entities in the IntraCloud and InterCloud is proposed. Blind signature and bilinear mapping of automorphism groups are adopted to achieve the InterCloud Alli anceAuthentication, which overcome the complexi ty of certificate transmission and the problem of communication bottlenecks that happen in tradi tional certificatebased scheme. Blind key, instead of private key, is adopted for register, which avoids

Compare Differences Between Different Bible Translations in the View of Globalization： Illustrated by the Case of “ψυχη” in the New Testament

The purpose of Bible translation is to enable readers to fully understand what the Bible says in their own context. The different Bible translations use different translation principles, therefore, they show different translated results from each other. In general, translators will make translation choices between the “word-for-word translation” and “sense-for-sense translation”. A good translation usually has two translation choices and the difference is just which kind of choice to use more. In addition to this, whether the same word can be translated consistently is also worthy of being discussed, especially in the case of a proper noun or vocabulary with special meaning. If a vocabulary with special meaning in the Bible is translated into different words, it is not only impossible to clarify the conceptual connection or logical relationship between certain words in the Bible, but also makes it possible for readers who read different Bible translations to have the different understanding of the vocabulary. Under the influence of globalization, Christian communication has become more frequent. After different readers read different Bible translations, the problem of inconsistent understanding of the same word or paragraph will be gradually revealed. This article uses the Greek word “ψυχη” to explore the above issues. “ψυχη” is a vocabulary with special meaning in the New Testament and it is mostly discussed in the anthropology of Christian theology. This article compares three English Bible translations and six Chinese Bible translations on the Greek word “ψυχη” and then finds that the Greek word “ψυχη was translated into multiple different words in a single Bible translation and in different Bible translations. This situation shows that the difference in translation may make the readers of different Bible translations have different understandings after reading.

Spanish Last Names in the Naples Periphery

The purpose of this study is to shed light on the southern part of Italy where Catalonians ruled. Great numbers of Spaniards, principally the Catalonians, headed to that country. This affected the language, and, in turn, the history of people＇s last names. At first, some of the Spanish last names were used as nicknames for Italians. The method 1 used to get the data from primary sources was from spending time in Italy for four consecutive summers and visiting towns in the Naples area while I collected surnames found on houses. The Catalonians came to rule Sardinia, and their language and subsequently Spanish were official on the island. The linguistic influence of Spanish does not stop with surnames. A list of Spanish and Basque surnames which is redolent of the history of southern Italy and Sicily is appended. The geolinguistics interest lies in the way that the study of language, both ordinary words and proper nouns, offers important clues to the lives and movements of people of ages past, reflects political and economic aspects and also explains the ethnic origin of people who live in Sicily and Italy today or are descendants of Italians who have been important immigrants in the Americas, in Australia, and indeed around the world.

Brazil＇s Indigenous Peoples and Their Autobiographical Narratives

When considering indigenous people in Brazil, both in academic and non-academic settings, the individuals＇ names are almost always ignored for the sake of representing their collectivity as communities, as Peoples. Discussing autobiographies or indigenous biographies is still an uncommon endeavor, even in our field of Letters/Liberal Arts or in Indigenous Ethnology. However, since the beginning of the process of reclaiming the lands that once belonged to them, the indigenous Peoples have been producing autobiographical narratives, demonstrating how this genre of text production--traditionally linked to the development of the Western individual---can constitute and be appropriated in different Amerindian translations. It is fi＇om this perspective that I intend to present a discussion about those text productions, analyzing what their collective signatures express, and how their proper names are constructed and signified on behalf of the group.

Query Expansion Using Wikipedia and a Concept Base in Cross-language Information Retrieval

The present paper describes the use of online free language resources for translating and expanding queries in CLIR （cross-language information retrieval）. In a previous study, we proposed method queries that were translated by two machine translation systems on the Language Gridem. The queries were then expanded using an online dictionary to translate compound words or word phrases. A concept base was used to compare back translation words with the original query in order to delete mistranslated words. In order to evaluate the proposed method, we constructed a CLIR system and used the science documents of the NTCIR1 dataset. The proposed method achieved high precision. However~ proper nouns （names of people and places） appear infrequently in science documents. In information retrieval, proper nouns present unique problems. Since proper nouns are usually unknown words, they are difficult to find in monolingual dictionaries, not to mention bilingual dictionaries. Furthermore, the initial query of the user is not always the best description of the desired information. In order to solve this problem, and to create a better query representation, query expansion is often proposed as a solution. Wikipedia was used to translate compound words or word phrases. It was also used to expand queries together with a concept base. The NTCIRI and NTCIR 6 datasets were used to evaluate the proposed method. In the proposed method, the CLIR system was implemented with a high rate of precision. The proposed syst had a higher ranking than the NTCIRI and NTCIR6 participation systems.

Recognition of Chinese Organization Name Using Co-training

Chinese organization name recognition is hard and important in natural language processing. To reduce tagged corpus and use untagged corpus,we presented combing Co-training with support vector machines (SVM) and conditional random fields (CRF) to improve recognition results. Based on principles of uncorrelated and compatible,we constructed different classifiers from different views within SVM or CRF alone and combination of these two models. And we modified a heuristic untagged samples selection algorithm to reduce time complexity. Experimental results show that under the same tagged data,Co-training has 10% F-measure higher than using SVM or CRF alone; under the same F-measure,Co-training saves at most 70% of tagged data to achieve the same performance.

Initial Assessment on Large and Medium Sized Terrestrial Mammal Assemblage Using Camera Trapping in Nangunhe Nature Reserve in Yunnan, China

During surveys for wild felids in Nangunhe Nature Reserve, Yunnan province, China, we conducted a wider mammal survey of the core nature reserve area, using camera trapping techniques. Forty motion-triggered digital camera traps had been set in oldest forest tract of protected area to conduct a species inventory. The total camera trapping effort of 2460 camera trap nights yielded 232 digital photographs of mammals represented by 17 species in ifve orders. The species photographed include rare and elusive species and those that are of high conservation value, such as IUCN endangered species Asiatic elephant （Elephas maximus）, and Phayre’s leaf monkey （Trachypit hecus phayrei）. In addition, IUCN vulnerable species including Asiatic black bear （Ursus thibetanus）, sambar （Rusa unicolor）, northern pig-tailed macaque （Macaca leonine）, and marbled cat （Pardofelis marmorata）, and more common species were found. Al mammals were also listed as key protected wild animals by the State Forestry Administration of China. Of particular importance were the carnivores, with 7 different species recorded. Ungulates and other taxa forming a prey base for these predators,such as rhesus macaque （Macaca mulatta）, red muntjac （Muntiacus muntjac）, sambar, wild boar （Sus scrofa）, and Chinese serow （Capricornis milneedwardsi）, were found to be the most frequently photographed and most widespread species. Opportunities for local people to develop standardized monitoring designs for targeted species were identiifed by these initial assessment results. Local nature reserve staff lacked technical ability to produce standardized survey designs, yet a by product of this type of non-standardized data collection can be very informative and produce inventory information that gives a species richness analysis, as well as initial estimates for occupancy and detection probability for abundant species to drive future standardized survey designs and efforts.