Ecological Geochemistry of Selenium in the Production Base of Zhangqiu Green Chinese Onion

Based on the achievement of local ecological geochemical survey,the selenium in surface layer soil of Zhangqiu green Chinese onion within production area is systematically studied in this study.And the ecological geochemical characters of selenium both in surface layer soil and in green Chinese onions are analyzed,and the relationship between the selenium in plant and soil is discussed.The results show that soil in Zhangqiu is rich in selenium,and it is suitable to develop the selenium-rich green Chinese onion products.

The Effect of Toxic Sulfide Exposure on Oxygen Consumption and Oxidation Products in Urechis unicinctus(Echiura:Urechidae)

To investigate sulfide detoxification in Urech＆ unicinctus, oxygen consumption rate and sulfide detoxification products were analyzed during sulfide exposure under controlled laboratory conditions. The results showed that oxygen consumption rates were elevated significantly during 3 h sulfide exposure compared to the control （P〈0.05）. The concentration of sulfite in body wall and hindgut of experimental worms increased significantly （P〈0.05） when exposed to 50 μmolL^-1 sulfide, reached a maximum at 24 h and then decreased. Similar result was observed in worms exposed to 150 μmolL^-1 sulfide except that sulfite concentration reached a maximum at 12 h. Contents of thiosulfate in body wall and hindgut of U. unicinctus exposed to sulfide were also significantly higher than that of the control without sulfide exposure. In conclusion, during short-time sulfide exposure U. unicinctus may raise oxygen consumption to detoxify toxic sulfide into sulfite and thiosulfate. Sulfide detoxification was restrained when the exposure time was prolonged or sulfide concentration was increased, which was indicated by decrease of sulfite, the intermediate product of sulfide detoxification.

Study on the Built-up Effect of Inorganic Compounds to Flame Retardant Containing Organophosphorus in Suppression of Smoke

The built-up effect of inorganic compounds containing more active metal ions, such as Ca^2＋ , Al^3＋ , Cu^2＋ , and Zn^2＋ , as additives adding to phosphorus-containing flame retarding systems in suppression of smoke was studied. The data presented herein suggested that the amount of smoke in the burning process can be better suppressed after the cotton fabric finishing with built-up system was burnt. Some general principles were identified, and the likely causes of the observed effects were analyzed according to test data.

Wheat Genetic Transformation as Efficient Tools to Fight against Fungal Diseases

Wheat ranks first among cereal crops cultivated in the world. In its production, diseases like powdery mildew, fusarium head blight and rusts caused by fungal pathogens represent a major problem. They produce different symptoms that cause severe crop damage by infecting the spikes, leaves, roots, stems and grains. They are causing losses both by reducing the quantity of the harvested crop and the quality of the product. Quality problems of the harvested product can be due to shrivelled seed, which are frequently found as a consequence of the infection by leaf pathogens, such as mildews, rusts and Septoria. Fusarium head blight is the major culprit for mycotoxin contamination from the harvested grain, causing economic losses and in the worst casing human and animal health problems. In severe epidemics, all these fungal diseases can significantly reduce yield. Resistance to fungi is beneficial not only from a commercial point of view （yield）, but also because of the reduced levels of mycotoxins. The integration of transgenic approaches offers a potential chemical-free and environment-friendly solution for controlling fungal pathogens. This is an essential asset for wheat world food security.

Game Modeling and Strategic Behavior Analysis in Public Goods Provision： Evidence From Water Resources Management

The utility of public goods vary with the behaviors of stakeholders （players）, and it is appropriate to study effective supply and management of public goods with game modeling and analysis. The comparison effect is the key issue of public good provision both in theoretical analysis and in practice. One major contribution of the paper is the extension of Clarke-Groves mechanism, to achieve which strategic behavior analysis is applied through the analysis and the comparison effect among various stakeholders in different stages is created and highly emphasized. In the first section of this paper, the definition of integrated water resources management （IWRM）, the importance of stakeholder participation as well as some models and methods that have been applied are illustrated. Following this, the framework of analysis is elaborated, in which the scenario and aims are shown, and it is claimed that game theory is the main approach, which includes both cooperative games and non-cooperative games. To achieve the aims of the public project, five approaches from game theory are able to cover the entire process of the project, and the fourth approach on interest compensation mechanism is the highlight of the research. After this, the interest compensation mechanism is demonstrated in the model section, and is proved to be an incentive compatible mechanism that makes each stakeholder choose to behave in accordance with the interest of the entire project. The Clarke-Groves mechanism is applied and extended in establishing the model, and the utility change by the comparison among stakeholders （defined as the comparison effect） is involved. In the application section, a water project is analyzed in consideration of various stakeholders, and other possible applications are also indicated.

运用价值规律提高经济效益的几个问题

一、按照“有效产品”的概念组织生产、支持生产社会主义公有制基础上生产的商品仍然是用来交换的劳动产品,仍然具有使用价值和价值两重性;商品的价值量仍然决定于生产商品的社会必要劳动时间。而使用价值和价值的统一,自然亦仍是价值规律的内在要求和商品生产正常运行的实现条件。因此,我们完全可以从价值实现和使用价值实现的统一中,引出“有效产品”的概念。“有效产品”的内涵是:第一,质量合格,具有使用价值。这是从物的自然属性来讲商品的有用性。第二,品种、规格对路,符合社会需要。这是从社会需求的角度来讲商品的有用性。第三,成本、价格合理,具有竞争能力。这是从价值实现的角度来讲商品的有用性。

Analysis of net primary productivity of terrestrial vegetation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,based on MODIS remote sensing data

GLO-PEM is driven by soil moisture data of AMSR-E and PAR(Photosynthetically active radiation) which is retrieved from MODIS atmospheric data product in this paper.Using remote sensing data can overcome uncertainty brought from interpola-tion of precipitation and PAR.Comparing with observed radiation data,PAR retrieved by remote sensing is in high accuracy in this study.RMSE is 9 and 19.68 W m 2 and R2 is 0.89 and 0.67 respectively.As a result of GLO-PEM,annual total amount of NPP of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is 0.37 Pg C a-1 in 2005 2008.There is a significant linear relationship between field and simu-lated NPP.Determination coefficient reached 0.93.NPP is decrease from southeast to northwest in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.NPP changes from 0 to 1500 g C m-2 a-1.There is different limit factors of vegetation growth in west and east plateau.In the west of 450 mm rainfall line,the limit factors is precipitation.In the east of 450 mm rainfall line,temperature is the dominated factor of vegetation growth.