Surgical innovation and pioneering are important for improving patient outcome, but can be associated with learning curves. Although learning curves in surgery are a recognized problem, the impact of surgical learning...Surgical innovation and pioneering are important for improving patient outcome, but can be associated with learning curves. Although learning curves in surgery are a recognized problem, the impact of surgical learning curves is increasing, due to increasing complexity of innovative surgical procedures, the rapid rate at which new interventions are implemented and a decrease in relative effectiveness of new interventions compared to old interventions. For minimally invasive esophagectomy(MIE), there is now robust evidence that implementation can lead to significant learning associated morbidity(morbidity during a learning curve, that could have been avoided if patients were operated by surgeons that have completed the learning curve). This article provides an overview of the evidence of the impact of learning curves after implementation of MIE. In addition, caveats for implementation and available evidence regarding factors that are important for safe implementation and safe pioneering of MIE are discussed.展开更多
The emotional factors play an important role in the process of language learning. Exploration of the emotional problems in the process of English learning can promote the emotional communication between teachers and s...The emotional factors play an important role in the process of language learning. Exploration of the emotional problems in the process of English learning can promote the emotional communication between teachers and students. The organic combination of the two aspects of cognitive and emotional can help to finish the promotion of cognitive and education with emotion. People abroad have achieved many results about the research, while further research in domestic is still rare. This paper mainly analyzes the main emotional problems influencing the English leaming, clarifies the importance of using emotional strategy in English learning, points out the way of improving learning effect by affective strategies, thus to guide the students form the corresponding emotion strategy, effectively use in English learning, and improve the English learning.展开更多
Research on learning difficulties in mathematics adopts one of two distinct perspectives. According to the first, learning difficulties are due to the intrinsic characteristics of the student. For supporters of the se...Research on learning difficulties in mathematics adopts one of two distinct perspectives. According to the first, learning difficulties are due to the intrinsic characteristics of the student. For supporters of the second perspective, those difficulties result from the interaction between the student and the school system. The objective of this study is to test the validity of these two perspectives in interpreting learning difficulties in mathematics among at-risk students. To this end, we collaborated with normally achieving （undiagnosed） and at-risk students. Results show that the second perspective is better suited to the interpretation of learning difficulties in mathematics students展开更多
Carbon stars and DZ white dwarfs are two types of rare objects in the Galaxy. In this paper, we have applied the label propagation algorithm to search for these two types of stars from Data Release Eight （DR8） of th...Carbon stars and DZ white dwarfs are two types of rare objects in the Galaxy. In this paper, we have applied the label propagation algorithm to search for these two types of stars from Data Release Eight （DR8） of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey （SDSS）, which is verified to be efficient by calculating precision and recall. From nearly two million spectra including stars, galaxies and QSOs, we have found 260 new carbon stars in which 96 stars have been identified as dwarfs and 7 identified as giants, and 11 composition spectrum systems （each of them consists of a white dwarf and a carbon star）. Similarly, using the label propagation method, we have obtained 29 new DZ white dwarfs from SDSS DR8. Compared with PCA reconstructed spectra, the 29 findings are typical DZ white dwarfs. We have also investigated their proper motions by comparing them with proper motion distribution of 9,374 white dwarfs, and fotmd that they satisfy the current observed white dwarfs by SDSS generally have large proper motions. In addition, we have estimated their effective temperatures by fitting the polynomial relationship between effective temperature and g-r color of known DZ white dwarfs, and found 12 of the 29 new DZ white dwarfs are cool, in which nine are between 6,000 K and 6,600 K, and three are below 6,000 K.展开更多
文摘Surgical innovation and pioneering are important for improving patient outcome, but can be associated with learning curves. Although learning curves in surgery are a recognized problem, the impact of surgical learning curves is increasing, due to increasing complexity of innovative surgical procedures, the rapid rate at which new interventions are implemented and a decrease in relative effectiveness of new interventions compared to old interventions. For minimally invasive esophagectomy(MIE), there is now robust evidence that implementation can lead to significant learning associated morbidity(morbidity during a learning curve, that could have been avoided if patients were operated by surgeons that have completed the learning curve). This article provides an overview of the evidence of the impact of learning curves after implementation of MIE. In addition, caveats for implementation and available evidence regarding factors that are important for safe implementation and safe pioneering of MIE are discussed.
文摘The emotional factors play an important role in the process of language learning. Exploration of the emotional problems in the process of English learning can promote the emotional communication between teachers and students. The organic combination of the two aspects of cognitive and emotional can help to finish the promotion of cognitive and education with emotion. People abroad have achieved many results about the research, while further research in domestic is still rare. This paper mainly analyzes the main emotional problems influencing the English leaming, clarifies the importance of using emotional strategy in English learning, points out the way of improving learning effect by affective strategies, thus to guide the students form the corresponding emotion strategy, effectively use in English learning, and improve the English learning.
文摘Research on learning difficulties in mathematics adopts one of two distinct perspectives. According to the first, learning difficulties are due to the intrinsic characteristics of the student. For supporters of the second perspective, those difficulties result from the interaction between the student and the school system. The objective of this study is to test the validity of these two perspectives in interpreting learning difficulties in mathematics among at-risk students. To this end, we collaborated with normally achieving （undiagnosed） and at-risk students. Results show that the second perspective is better suited to the interpretation of learning difficulties in mathematics students
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10973021 and 11303036)SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P.Sloan Foundation+2 种基金the Participating Institutionsthe National Science Foundationthe U.S.Department of Energy Ofce of Science
文摘Carbon stars and DZ white dwarfs are two types of rare objects in the Galaxy. In this paper, we have applied the label propagation algorithm to search for these two types of stars from Data Release Eight （DR8） of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey （SDSS）, which is verified to be efficient by calculating precision and recall. From nearly two million spectra including stars, galaxies and QSOs, we have found 260 new carbon stars in which 96 stars have been identified as dwarfs and 7 identified as giants, and 11 composition spectrum systems （each of them consists of a white dwarf and a carbon star）. Similarly, using the label propagation method, we have obtained 29 new DZ white dwarfs from SDSS DR8. Compared with PCA reconstructed spectra, the 29 findings are typical DZ white dwarfs. We have also investigated their proper motions by comparing them with proper motion distribution of 9,374 white dwarfs, and fotmd that they satisfy the current observed white dwarfs by SDSS generally have large proper motions. In addition, we have estimated their effective temperatures by fitting the polynomial relationship between effective temperature and g-r color of known DZ white dwarfs, and found 12 of the 29 new DZ white dwarfs are cool, in which nine are between 6,000 K and 6,600 K, and three are below 6,000 K.
