解析郭象之理想国

为了考察玄学家郭象对理想社会的看法,采取了文献检索和文献解析的方法,结论为:郭象把社会形态分为三个类别:“亡圣亡知”、“有圣有知”和“亡圣有知”。在理论上,郭象认为“亡圣亡知”是最理想的社会,但是现实中的社会都是“有知”的,因而需要“圣知”来镇抚,“有圣有知”是现实中的理想社会,“亡圣有知”则是最混乱的社会。“亡知”时代中所要“亡”的“圣”是儒家型的圣人,而“有知”时代中所期待的“圣”则是一个儒道兼综的圣人形象。“亡圣”与“有圣”的双重理想,构成了郭象独特的沟通儒道两家思想的理想国。

大数据时代阅读课堂的棱角

《普通高中语文课程标准》的“学习要求”中,将学生独立阅读能力的发展摆到了突出的位置。大数据时代信息技术主导下不断新变的学习环境,使得教与学双方“独立阅读”的有效投入,成为阅读课堂上阅读真正发生的关键。“有私”的教师与“有知”的学生营造了课堂上个性碰撞、互启共生的美好局面,从而让阅读课堂棱角分明。

Completeness of bounded model checking temporal logic of knowledge

In order to find the completeness threshold which offers a practical method of making bounded model checking complete, the over-approximation for the complete threshold is presented. First, a linear logic of knowledge is introduced into the past tense operator, and then a new temporal epistemic logic LTLKP is obtained, so that LTLKP can naturally and precisely describe the system＇s reliability. Secondly, a set of prior algorithms are designed to calculate the maximal reachable depth and the length of the longest of loop free paths in the structure based on the graph structure theory. Finally, some theorems are proposed to show how to approximate the complete threshold with the diameter and recurrence diameter. The proposed work resolves the completeness threshold problem so that the completeness of bounded model checking can be guaranteed.

Brown carbon in the cryosphere： Current knowledge and perspective

Recently, the light-absorbing organic carbon, i.e., brown carbon(Br C), has received an increasing attention, because they could significantly absorb the solar radiation in the range of short wavelengths rather than the purely scattering effect. Br C is ubiquitous in the troposphere. It could undergo long range transport within the atmospheric circulation. After the deposition on the surface of snow or ice in the cryospheric region, as the major light absorbing impurities with black carbon and dust, Br C could reduce the snow albedo and accelerate the glacier melting. In this context, this paper summarized the current knowledge of Br C(in aerosols and snow) in the cryospheric regions including the Arctic, Antarctic,and Alpines. Although some works have been conducted in those region, the current dataset on the optical properties of Br C like Absorption?ngstr€om Exponent(AAE) and Mass Absorption Efficiency(MAE) is still limited, which hampers stimulating an accurate evaluation of its climate effects. Especially in the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, where very limited information concerning Br C is available. Considering biomass burning as a dominant source of Br C, a large amount of emissions from biomass burning in South Asia could reach the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, where the climate effect of Br C merits more investigation in the future.

Prediction for Dynamic Characteristics of Ring-Plate Planetary Indexing Cam Mechanism

This paper is aimed to propose an approach to predict the dynamic characteristics of ring-plate planetary indexing cam mechanism, which is a novel type of indexing mechanism that employs internal planetary transmission structure. Firstly, the geometry and structure of the mechanism are discussed and the kinematic practicability is simulated with virtual prototype design. Then a 3D finite element model of the ring-plate planetary indexing cam mechanism is developed with the commercial software of MATLAB and ANSYS. Through the finite element analysis, the natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes are predicted in one motion cycle. On the basis of the virtual prototype design and finite element analysis, an experimental prototype is made and tested to validate the prediction of the dynamic characteristics. The agreement between experimental results and the finite element analysis testifies that the finite element model developed is applicable to the prediction of the dynamic characteristics of this type of mechanism.

Control and its role in the process of ensuring knowledge continuity

With the commencement of the 21st century, the information age, knowledge economy and integration of information and knowledge among production factors, organizations show increasing interest in knowledge management. Managers are trying not only to preserve knowledge and transfer it efficiently within their organization, but also to ensure that it is not lost when a knowledge employee leaves the organization. Therefore, it is indispensable for organizations to monitor, record, transfer and preserve their knowledge. In order to ensure efficient preservation of knowledge by the organization, it is essential to integrate the area of the so-called knowledge continuity into the general management and ensure its maximum value. The goal of the article is to identify the role of control in the transformation process and its impact on ensuring knowledge continuity within the organization. A partial goal lies in identifying output quality control by means of productivity One of the conclusions of the article is that in today＇s economic situation, ignoring the existence of knowledge continuity could result in a crisis of management of knowledge and its loss.

The N400 and LPC Effects Reflecting Controlled but Not Automatic Mechanisms of Sentence Processing

This study focused on the automatic versus controlled nature of the underlying cognitive processes of ERPs （Event-Related Potentials） effects during speech perception. ERPs to the final word of sentences （half being semantically incongruent with the sentence and half congruent） were presented to French natives under 4 levels of degradation： no degradation, mild degradation （2 levels）, and strong degradation. Under mild degradation allowing controlled sentence-level processing according to behavioral data, the N400 effect （i.e., the N400 to incongruent words minus the N400 to congruent words） and a late positive complex were delayed and the latter effect was reduced. Under strong degradation allowing only automatic sentence processing according to behavioral data, no ERP effects remained. These results suggest that, unlike contextual effect found with single words （e.g., using word-pair or word-list paradigms）, ERP effects elicited by more complex contexts such as full sentences are generated by controlled but not by automatic mechanisms of speech processing.

ARROW-WTCP:A fast transport protocol based on explicit congestion notification over wired/wireless networks

An explicit congestion notification (ECN)-based distributed transport protocol,ARROW-WTCP (AcceleRate tRansmission towards Optimal Window size TCP for Wireless network),was proposed.The ARROW-WTCP enables feasible deployment of ARROW-TCP from wired to wireless networks by providing a joint design of source and router algorithms.The protocol obtains the actual capacity of the wireless channel by calculating the queue variation in base station (BS) and adjusts the congestion window by using the feedback from its bottleneck link.The simulation results show that the ARROW-WTCP achieves strong stability,max-min fairness in dynamic networks,fast convergence to efficiency without introducing much excess traffic,and almost full link utilization in the steady state.It outperforms the XCP-B (eXplicit Control Protocol Blind),the wireless version of XCP,in terms of stability,fairness,convergence and utilization in wireless networks.

Corporate Social Responsibility （CSR）, Good Corporate Governance （GCG）, and Firm Performance

The strategy of the company, such as corporate social responsibility （CSR）, can be adopted to show a good image of the company to the external parties. The company can maximize the shareholders＇ equities, the prosperity of the owners of interests, the reputation of the company, and the long-term viability of the company by undertaking the CSR. The controversy whether the company should be engaged in CSR or not is still going on. According to the shareholder theory, the supporters of CSR （Donaldson ＆ Preston, 1995; Jones, 1995） say that CSR is a mechanism to achieve a better financial condition and to maximize the property of the shareholders （A. Mackey, T. B. Mackey, ＆ Barney, 2007）. This research investigates in three folds, the relationships among corporate governance, CSR, and firm performance, then the relationship between intellectual property and firm performance. This research shows that the independent board of commissioners is related to CSR. CSR and the institutional ownership are also related to firm performance. In addition, intellectual property is strongly related to firm performance. This means that intellectual property owned by public-limited companies in Indonesia increases firm performance.

The effect of acute exercise on cognitive performance in children with and without ADHD

Background： Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） is a common childhood disorder that affects approximately 11% of children in the United States. Research supports that a single session of exercise benefits cognitive performance by children, and a limited number of studies have demonstrated that these effects can also be realized by children with ADHD. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of acute exercise on cognitive performance by children with and without ADHD. Methods： Children with and without ADHD were asked to perform cognitive tasks on 2 days following treatment conditions that were assigned in a random, counterbalanced order. The treatment conditions consisted of a 30-min control condition on 1 day and a moderate intensity exercise condition on the other day. Results： Exercise significantly benefited performance on all three conditions of the Stroop Task, but did not significantly affect performance on the Tower of London or the Trail Making Test. Conclusion： children with and without ADHD realize benefits in speed of processing and inhibitory control in response to a session of acute exercise, but do not experience benefits in planning or set shifting.

Research on Data Compression of WSN Based on Compressed Sensing

For Wireless Sensor Networks （WSN） is responsible for sensing, collecting, processing and monitoring of environmental data, but it might be limited in resources. This paper describes in detail the compressed sensing theory, study the wireless sensor network data conventional compression and network coding method. The linear network coding scheme based on sparse random projection theory of compressed sensing. Simulation results show that this system satisfies the requirements of the reconstruction error of packets needed to reduce the number of nodes to the total number of 30%, improves the efficiency of data communications in wireless sensor network, reduce the energy consumption of the system. With other wireless sensor network data compression algorithm, the proposed algorithm has the advantages of simple realization, the compression effect is good, especially suitable for resource limited, and the accuracy requirements are not particularly stringent in wireless sensor networks.

Enhancing Innovation Through Intellectual Capital： A Theoretical Overview

Innovation is one of the main drivers of economic development. In the knowledge economy era, the quickness of technological developments and globalization has changed the structure of business world. Consequently, this situation creates opportunities and also threats for companies. Companies should attach importance to innovation in order to maintain sustainable growth and gain competitive advantage. According to Barsky and Marchat （2000） in the new economy the value of a company is not found with its tangible assets, revenues, financial ratios or market share, but with its intellectual capital, organizational culture, customer loyalty and brand equity. According to resource-based view of the company; the resources are fundamental factors of competitiveness and performance. These resources are regarded as strategic assets, which include tangible and intangible assets. Intellectual capital which is becoming one of the important commercial assets of the 21 st century is a way of describing a company＇s intangible assets that are vital for company success. Intellectual capital consists of human capital, relational capital and structural capital. Intellectual capital which is a core strategical resource of a company is playing a crucial role in a company＇s innovation performance. This study attempts to analyze the interrelationships between intellectual capital and innovation in the context of resource-based view of the company. This study also focuses in particular on the effects of human capital, relational capital and structural capital which are the components of intellectual capital, on innovation by integrating the relevant theoretical and empirical evidence.

Mapping Soil Organic Carbon Stocks of Northeastern China Using Expert Knowledge and GIS-based Methods

The main aim of this paper was to calculate soil organic carbon stock(SOCS) with consideration of the pedogenetic horizons using expert knowledge and GIS-based methods in northeastern China.A novel prediction process was presented and was referred to as model-then-calculate with respect to the variable thicknesses of soil horizons(MCV).The model-then-calculate with fixed-thickness(MCF),soil profile statistics(SPS),pedological professional knowledge-based(PKB) and vegetation type-based(Veg) methods were carried out for comparison.With respect to the similar pedological information,nine common layers from topsoil to bedrock were grouped in the MCV.Validation results suggested that the MCV method generated better performance than the other methods considered.For the comparison of polygon based approaches,the Veg method generated better accuracy than both SPS and PKB,as limited soil data were incorporated.Additional prediction of the pedogenetic horizons within MCV benefitted the regional SOCS estimation and provided information for future soil classification and understanding of soil functions.The intermediate product,that is,horizon thickness maps were fluctuant enough and reflected many details in space.The linear mixed model indicated that mean annual air temperature(MAAT) was the most important predictor for the SOCS simulation.The minimal residual of the linear mixed models was achieved in the vegetation type-based model,whereas the maximal residual was fitted in the soil type-based model.About 95% of SOCS could be found in Argosols,Cambosols and Isohumosols.The largest SOCS was found in the croplands with vegetation of Triticum aestivum L.,Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench,Glycine max(L.) Merr.,Zea mays L.and Setaria italica(L.) P.Beauv.

Task Complexity and Second Language Teaching

In the past few years, the notion of task complexity has been receiving substantial attention in the field of second language acquisition. This paper explores task complexity from the cognitive perspective by analyzing two studies with Skehan＇s limited capacity hypothesis and Robinson＇s cognition hypothesis. The two studies, namely You-Jin Kim＇s （2012） and Mirdamadi and Jong （2015）, explore on how linguistic complexity affects language performance. Two hypotheses, Skehan＇s limited capacity hypothesis and Robinson＇s cognition hypothesis, explain the two studies from the cognitive perspective by predicting either that increasing task complexity reduces a pool of attentional capacity during task performance or that increasing complex tasks promotes greater accuracy and complexity of speech and writing. It is suggested that language teaching, syllabus designing in particular, should be based on the basis of task complexity.

How Can SMEs be Successful： A Legal and Economic Analysis of China Commodity Centre - YIWU

Nowadays, the policy of encouraging the development of SMEs, starting a business has become a popular choice for many people. Alongside entrepreneurial talent, the legal environment and system design are also very significant for SMEs＇ surviving. This Article provides the successful experiences of SMEs in YIWU, including raising sufficient capital from private finance, highly autonomous forms of enterprise, as well as thinking highly of intellectual property. This article analyses the current problems of SMEs from both legal and economic perspectives, and gives three proposals： legalising underground lending system and creating private banks, introducing the Limited Liability Company into China, and providing the road for transforming intellectual property rights into easily realisable interests, for the purpose of building a more advantageous developing environment for SMEs.

Metacognitive Knowledge of Tertiar yLevel EFL Reading: Case Studies in an Acquisition-Poor Context

This paper describes how a group of Chinese tertiary-level EFL readers utilized metacognitive knowledge in their academic reading process by contrasting the possible metacognitive differences between two less successful and two successful Chinese EFL readers. Data were collected through think-alouds, interviews and observations. It was found that although vocabulary posed difficulties for both successful and less successful readers, the deployment of strategic knowledge of tackling the unknown words made a difference between successful and less successful readers. The participants＇ person knowledge about motivation such as reader interest, goal of reading and reader role could exert influences on their reading. Implications of the findings for tertiary EFL reading pedagogy in China are discussed.

Stable Rank One and Real Rank Zero for Crossed Products by Finite Group Actions with the Tracial Rokhlin Property

The authors prove that the crossed product of an infinite dimensional simple separable unital C*-algebra with stable rank one by an action of a finite group with the tracial Rokhlin property has again stable rank one. It is also proved that the crossed product of an infinite dimensional simple separable unital C*-algebra with real rank zero by an action of a finite group with the tracial Rokhlin property has again real rank zero.

Alzheimer's disease and gut microbiota

Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） is a most common neurodegenerative disorder, which associates with impaired cognition. Gut microbiota can modulate host brain function and behavior via microbiota-gut-brain axis, including cognitive behavior. Germ-free animals, antibiotics, probiotics intervention and diet can induce alterations of gut microbiota and gut physiology and also host cognitive behavior, increasing or decreasing risks of AD. The increased permeability of intestine and blood-brain barrier induced by gut rnicrobiota disturbance will increase the incidence of neurodegeneration disorders. Gut microbial metabolites and their effects on host neurochemical changes may increase or decrease the risk of AD. Pathogenic microbes infection will also increase the risk of AD, and meanwhile, the onset of AD support the ＂hygiene hypothesis＂. All the results suggest that AD may begin in the gut, and is closely related to the imbalance of gut microbiota. Modulation of gut microbiota through personalized diet or beneficial microbiota intervention will probably become a new treatment for AD.

On the role of optimization algorithms in ownership-preserving data mining

Knowledge extraction from sensitive data often needs collaborative work. Statistical databases are generated from such data and shared among various stakeholders. In this context, the ownership protection of shared data becomes important. Watermarking is emerging to be a very effective tool for imposing ownership rights on various digital data formats. Watermarking of such datasets may bring distortions in the data. Consequently, the extracted knowledge may be inaccurate. These distortions are controlled by the usability constraints, which in turn limit the available bandwidth for watermarking. Large bandwidth ensures robustness; however, it may degrade the quality of the data. Such a situation can be resolved by optimizing the available bandwidth subject to the usability constraints. Optimization techniques, particularly bioinspired techniques, have become a preferred choice for solving such issues during the past few years. In this paper, we investigate the usability of various optimization schemes for identifying the maximum available bandwidth to achieve two objectives：（1） preserving the knowledge stored in the data;（2） maximizing the available bandwidth subject to the usability constraints to achieve maximum robustness. The first objective is achieved with a usability constraint model, which ensures that the knowledge is not compromised as a result of watermark embedding. The second objective is achieved by finding the maximum bandwidth subject to the usability constraints specified in the first objective. The performance of optimization schemes is evaluated using different metrics.

Bioinspired wet-resistant organogel for highly sensitive mechanical perception

Smart flexible electronics with underwater motion detection have become a promising research aspect in intelligent perception.Inspired by the strong adaptability of marine creatures to complex underwater environments,conventional biocompatible hydrogels are worth developing into organogels with preferred underwater adhesive properties,hydrophobic and antiswelling performance,and motion perception ability.Herein,a highly sensitive organogel sensor exhibiting good hydrophobicity,electromechanical properties,and adhesion properties was prepared for underwater utilization by regulating the chemical components and internal interactions.The synergistic effect of massive reversible noncovalent bonds ensures the organogel’s excellent underwater adhesion to multifarious substrates.Meanwhile,the interactions of hydrophobic conductive fillers and the dynamic hydrophobic associations in the organogel endow it with satisfactory hydrophobic performance(contact angle of111.8°)and antiswelling property(equilibrium swelling ratio of-31%after 15-day immersion).The fabricated flexible organogel strain sensor exhibits high sensitivity(gauge factor of1.96),ultrafast response rate(79.1 ms),low limit of detection(0.45 Pa),and excellent cyclic stability(1044 tensile cycles followed by 3981 compressive cycles).Results demonstrate the proposed organogel’s precise perception of sophisticated human motions in air and underwater,which expands its application scenarios.