无身即贵身与无身以为天下——《老子》第十三章通诠

“身”是贯串《老子》第十三章的一个关键字。章首的两个命题应句读为“宠,辱若惊;贵,大患若身”,后一命题是以“身”之为祸患来例证“贵”之为祸患。紧接着,老子转出无身即贵身的思想。无身之“身”特指贪欲,贵身之“身”则指生命。从群己关系看,贪欲的扩张(此即“有身”),结果是人我两损;只有少私寡欲(此即“无身”),才能人我两利。易言之,无身始能绝患,绝患便是贵身。章末,老子又开显出无身以为天下的境界,作为执政的准入门槛。他认为,人君若能把“为身”看得比“为天下”还重,就不会把天下当成满足自身贪欲的工具,这样才会乐意将自己的身心投入到公共事务中来。此时,天下皆蒙其利而不受其害,如此方可托之以天下。这种道家式的内圣外王思想非常可贵,且颇具现代意蕴。理顺这些思想,将有助于我们打消老子究竟主张无身还是贵身、为身还是为天下、利他还是利己等疑惑,并理解老子的辩证智慧与公共关怀,从而避免一些误解和歪曲。

魏晋人物审美中的“身体”境遇

汉代人物品鉴,身体尚不具有独立的审美价值。魏晋时期,人的身体具有了独立的审美价值,但在玄学形神观的影响下,"身"成为可以超越和舍弃的有限性存在,因此在竹林文人的身体践行中,他们以"无身"超越了"有身"。在竹林士文人这一身体观的影响下,身体在魏晋的人物品藻中又逐渐消失,被虚化为明月清风等自然意象。这一美学变迁,深刻地影响了文艺,其比较突出地体现在古代的人物画中。

Analysis of barrel structure optimization for a mortar

Considering the maximum elastic limitation of the used material with newly advanced technology,the study focuses on optimization of a mortar barrel structure by thinning the wall to reduce the weight.Firstly,static analysis of barrel structure parameters is done based on finite element analysis（FEA）method and 3Dsolid model of the barrel is established based on Unigraphics NX（UG）.Secondly,the 3Dsolid model is simplified and transplanted to ANSYS for barrel wall pressure calculation.Thus,the change curves of the stress exerted on the barrel wall at different locations perpendicular to the axial direction with wall thinning are drawn.By analyzing all possible optimization schemes,the optimal design that enables the barrel to have higher bearing capacity is got.The optimized barrel structure is verified by means of fluid-solid coupling dynamic response analysis.The results show that the static analysis results are closer to real stress conditions than dynamic analysis results.Finally,the barrel weight is reduced by 13%after simulation optimization and the light weight design of the barrel is effective and reliable.

Systemic immune-inflammation index for predicting prognosis of colorectal cancer

AIM To investigate the clinical significance of preoperative systemic immune-inflammation index(SII) in patients with colorectal cancer(CRC). METHODS A retrospective analysis of 1383 cases with CRC was performed following radical surgery. SII was calculated with the formula SII =(P × N)/L, where P, N, and L refer to peripheral platelet, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts, respectively. The clinicopathological features and follow-up data were evaluated to compare SII with other systemic inflammation-based prognostic indices such as the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio(PLR) in patients with CRC.RESULTS The optimal cut-off point for SII was defined as 340. The overall survival(OS) and disease-free survival(DFS) were better in patients with low NLR, PLR, and SII(P < 0.05). The SII was an independent predictor of OS and DFS in multivariate analysis. The area under the receiver-operating characteristics(ROC) curve for SII(0.707) was larger than those for NLR(0.602) and PLR(0.566). In contrast to NLR and PLR, SII could effectively discriminate between the TNM subgroups. CONCLUSION SII is a more powerful tool for predicting survival outcome in patients with CRC. It might assist the identification of high-risk patients among patients with the same TNM stage.

Effects of sexual reproduction of the inferior competitor Brachionus calyciflorus on its fitness against Brachionus angularis

Sexual reproduction adversely affects the population growth of cyclic parthenogenetic animals. The density-dependent sexual reproduction of a superior competitor could mediate the coexistence. However, the cost of sex may make the inferior competitor more vulnerable. To investigate the effect of sexual reproduction on the inferior competitor, we experimentally paired the competition of one Brachionus angularis clone against three Brachionus ealyciflorus clones. One of the B. calyciflorus clones showed a low propensity for sexual reproduction, while the other two showed high propensities. The results show that all B. calyciflorus clones were excluded in the competition for resources at low food level. The increased food level promoted the competition persistence, but the clones did not show a clear pattern. Both the cumulative population density and resting egg production increased with the food level. The cumulative population density decreased with the mixis investment, while the resting egg production increased with the mixis investment. A trade-off between the population growth and sexual reproduction was observed in this research. The results indicate that although higher mixis investment resulted in a lower population density, it would not determinately accelerate the exclusion process of the inferior competitor. On the contrary, higher mixis investment promoted resting egg production before being excluded and thus promised a long- term benefit. In conclusion, our results suggest that mixis investment, to some extent, favored the excluded inferior competitor under fierce competition or some other adverse conditions.

MEASUREMENT OF ^(124)Sb IN VIVO WITH WHOLE-BODY COUNTER

The 124Sb in vivo exposed person is measured with whole-body counter. Thesolid point source method is applied to calibrate the counter. The minimum detectable activity of this system for 124Sb is 32 Bq.

Energy-efficient Medium Access Approach for Wireless Body Area Network Based on Body Posture

Energy efficiency has become one of the most important issues in wireless body area network(WBAN).In this paper,an energy-efficient medium access control(MAC)protocol for WBAN is proposed based on human body posture under walking scenery.Due to person's movements,WBAN is a dynamic network,which means that traditional static protocols are no more suitable for it.For solving this problem,firstly,the feature of human walking at a constant speed is analyzed and we divide a spell of movements into a sequence of key frames just like a video constituted by numbers of continuous frames.As a result,the dynamic walking process is translated into several static postures,which the static MAC protocol could be used for.Secondly,concerning the performance of network lifetime,we design a posture-aware approach for lifetime maximization(PA-DPLM).With analytical and simulation results provided,we demonstrate that PA-DPLM protocol is energy-efficient and can be used under constant speed walking scenery.

Sexual reproduction and short-term fitness advantage in the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus:implications for the coexistence of sympatric clones

Large numbers of rotifer eggs from sediment resting egg banks may hatch simultaneously under appropriate conditions; therefore, natural populations are likely to be multiclonal in a growing season. A recent field investigation showed that subordinate and ephemeral clones were able to establish populations in an environment with several strongly dominant clone populations. However, it was not clear how the subordinate populations maintained their growth under these conditions where the crowding signal would induce high levels of sexual reproduction in the dominant clone populations. In the present study, we conducted a continuous passage to 60 generations for new populations at three different temperatures （15~C, 25~C, and 35~C）. These populations emerged from resting eggs produced by a clone population. At the first, 30th, and 60th generations, the populations were sampled and fitness was assayed using the life-table method. We found a significant short-term fitness advantage for populations newly emerged from resting eggs produced by a clone population of the rotifer Brachionus calycifiorus, followed by a significant decrease in relative fitness with long-term continuous passage. Our results suggested that the early short- term fitness advantage was important for later-hatched and subordinate clone populations in an environment with multiple sympatric clones. The early short-term fitness might also promote the coexistence of sympatric clones because it could help to offset the cost of early sexual reproduction.