Deep carbon recycling is an essential part of the global carbon cycle.The carbonates at the bottom of the ocean are brought to the mantle by subduction.Subsequently, deep carbon is released to the atmosphere in the fo...Deep carbon recycling is an essential part of the global carbon cycle.The carbonates at the bottom of the ocean are brought to the mantle by subduction.Subsequently, deep carbon is released to the atmosphere in the form of CO2 through volcanism.At present, research on deep carbon recycling is still at its early stage.The proportion of subduction-related carbon and primary mantle-derived carbon in CO2 released by volcano is an important issue.Carbon isotopes can easily distinguish organic carbon from inorganic carbon.However, ～95% of subduction-related and primary mantle-derived carbon released by volcano is inorganic, which carbon isotopes find difficult to distinguish.Recently, Ca and Mg isotope geochemistry has provided important tools for tracing crust-derived material recycling.Here we focus on this topic by introducing the principles of C, Ca, and Mg isotopes in tracing deep carbon recycling and previous research results.We also summarize the research progress on the total storage and phases of deep carbon, CO2 fluxes which depend on the release via volcanism, the partial melting of the carbon-bearing mantle, and carbon behaviour during oceanic subduction.展开更多
This paper reviews the historic understanding of the predictability of atmospheric and oceanic motions, and interprets it in a general framework. On this basis, the existing challenges and unsolved problems in the stu...This paper reviews the historic understanding of the predictability of atmospheric and oceanic motions, and interprets it in a general framework. On this basis, the existing challenges and unsolved problems in the study of the intrinsic predictability limit(IPL) of weather and climate events of different spatio-temporal scales are summarized. Emphasis is also placed on the structure of the initial error and model parameter errors as well as the associated targeting observation issue. Finally, the predictability of atmospheric and oceanic motion in the ensemble-probabilistic methods widely used in current operational forecasts are discussed.The necessity of considering IPLs in the framework of stochastic dynamic systems is also addressed.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40973016,41230209)
文摘Deep carbon recycling is an essential part of the global carbon cycle.The carbonates at the bottom of the ocean are brought to the mantle by subduction.Subsequently, deep carbon is released to the atmosphere in the form of CO2 through volcanism.At present, research on deep carbon recycling is still at its early stage.The proportion of subduction-related carbon and primary mantle-derived carbon in CO2 released by volcano is an important issue.Carbon isotopes can easily distinguish organic carbon from inorganic carbon.However, ～95% of subduction-related and primary mantle-derived carbon released by volcano is inorganic, which carbon isotopes find difficult to distinguish.Recently, Ca and Mg isotope geochemistry has provided important tools for tracing crust-derived material recycling.Here we focus on this topic by introducing the principles of C, Ca, and Mg isotopes in tracing deep carbon recycling and previous research results.We also summarize the research progress on the total storage and phases of deep carbon, CO2 fluxes which depend on the release via volcanism, the partial melting of the carbon-bearing mantle, and carbon behaviour during oceanic subduction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41230420,41376018&41606012)
文摘This paper reviews the historic understanding of the predictability of atmospheric and oceanic motions, and interprets it in a general framework. On this basis, the existing challenges and unsolved problems in the study of the intrinsic predictability limit(IPL) of weather and climate events of different spatio-temporal scales are summarized. Emphasis is also placed on the structure of the initial error and model parameter errors as well as the associated targeting observation issue. Finally, the predictability of atmospheric and oceanic motion in the ensemble-probabilistic methods widely used in current operational forecasts are discussed.The necessity of considering IPLs in the framework of stochastic dynamic systems is also addressed.
