学术论文中“本文”和“本研究”用法辨正

对 2 0 0 0年出版的 5 0种学术期刊论文中关于“本文”和“本研究”的用法进行了考查 ,它们都不同程度地存在“本文”和“本研究”用法不当的问题。

可食性膜在食品保鲜中的应用现状及研究进展

在食品保鲜领域,可食用天然抗菌保鲜膜是一种重要的可生物降解膜,具有易降解、成本低、来源广等特点。介绍了多糖膜、蛋白膜和脂质膜3种可食性涂膜在食品保鲜中的应用现状,综述了复合成膜技术、纳米颗粒制备技术及添加植物精油在制备可食性涂膜中的研究进展,以期为可食性包装材料在保鲜领域中的进一步研究提供参考借鉴。

文献考证法和历史比较法——方言韵书研究的“锋利武器”

《六音字典》成书于1515年,是鲜为学界所知而新发现的闽北方言韵书,也可以说是迄今为止所发现的最早的福建方言韵书,反映了数百年前福建闽北政和方言音系。马重奇先生的《明清闽北方言韵书手抄本音系研究》通过通语史与方言史互相结合,传世文献与鲜活方言互相印证,为学界展示了最为可信的文献考证研究法,同时采用历史比较法,真正实现共时（横向）研究和历时（纵向）研究的互补。可以说,文献考证法和历史比较法是方言韵书研究的＂锋利武器＂。

学术论文中合理的与不合理的人格化分析

学术论文中,“本文”“本研究(本工作、本实验)”等合理的人格化是由于在句首的状语(或全句修饰语)中省去了介词“在”及其后的方位词“中”、在句中再省去主语“我们((本文)作者)”所形成的一种语用习惯。“本文”不合理的人格化的实质是由于在句中再过多地省略去了谓语动词(“报道”“描述”“综述”及其近义词)、以“本文”做主语时的主语与谓语动词搭配不当的一种语言现象。不应将这一概念扩大到“本研究(本实验、本工作)”等等词语,只应该仅仅局限于“本文”一词,好像还应该仅仅局限于科技学术原始论文中。

EMPIRICAL STUDY ON CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF LISTED COMPANIES IN CHINESE STOCK MARKET

Capital structure decision is an important issue of corporate finance.Theories show that,the corporate debt ratio is determined by many factors.This study conducts empirical work on capital structure theories,focusing on the corporate data of Chinese listed companies,by considering the intrinsic characteristics,utilizing the principal factor analysis and the ridge regression method.Our results suggest that a firms debt ratio has a positive relationship with its size,profitability and operating risk and has a negative relationship with its growth and non debt tax shield,while the long term leverage has a positive relationship with its collateral value of assets.

A Systematic Study on the Genus Aphytis Howard (Hymenoptera:Aphelinidae) from South Korea

The present paper deals with the systematic study on the genus Aphytis Howard from South Korea. Five species of Aphytis are recognized, including one new species (Aphytis albus sp. nov.) and four new records (A. diaspidis, A. japonicus, A. proclia and A. vandenboschi). A key to the female species of Aphytis from South Korea is provided. The type specimens are respectively deposited in Korea National Arboretum and the Insect Collection of Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.

Classical Communication Cost and Remote Preparation of Multi-qubit with Three-Party

We present a scheme for probabilistic remote preparation of multi-qubit with three-party from a sender to either of two receivers. The quantum channel is composed of a partial entangled tripartite GHZ state. We obtain the successful totM probability of the scheme in the general case and special case, respectively. We also calculate total classical communication cost required in the RSP process with three-party in the general case and special case, respectively.

The Long-Run Performance of IPOs in Italy： A Comparison of Venture and Non-Venture-Backed Companies

The phenomena associated with the performance of newly listed companies has increased the interest of many researchers who have developed a vast literature on long-term underpricing and underperformance, which together with hot and cold issue markets, represent the three anomalies that have always accompanied with Initial Public Offerings （IPOs）. The objective of this work is to investigate the long-run performance of IPOs of venture and non-venture-backed companies. The analysis of a sample of 102 IPOs carried out in Italy in 1998-2005 revealed that both companies （venture-backed and non-venture-backed） showed negative values, thus, confirming the phenomenon of underperformance. During the 36 months following their listing, venture-backed companies seemed to register negative and statistically significant values both with the CARsVB methodology （-93.99%） and the Buy and Hold Abnormal Returns methodology （BHARsVB -88.37%）. Venture-backed companies, unlike non- venture-backed companies, seem to be able to restrain the losses, measured by both methods, in the first 12 months （CARsB - 12.38% -20.15% CARSNNVB; BHARsVB - 10.17%; BHARsNVB - 15.51%）. During the 36 months, however, the IPOs showed negative and statistically significant values regardless of whether they were venture or non-venture-backed. The test on the difference between the average abnormal returns of the two methodologies （CAARS and BHAARs） did not produce statistically significant results. The Wealth Relative was calculated and from the results it would appear that the portfolio of venture-backed IPOs does not register ＂brilliant＂ performances. The portfolio of 102 IPOs does not seem to beat the ＂market portfolio＂. In conclusion, therefore, the phenomenon of underperformance seems to be real in our country and is documented by strongly negative and statistically significant values obtained from the samples of IPOs analyzed.

Longevity,Capital Formation and Economic Development

Many researchers have concluded that longer life expectancies prompt increased investment in education,as a prolonged labor supply raises the rate of return on education.Besides explaining the empirical evidence behind this conclusion(at an absolute level),there is another issue to be discussed:does time spent studying and working increase proportionally with higher longevity? Building on an extended life-cycle model,this paper shows that prolonged life expectancy will cause individuals to increase their time in education but may not warrant rises in labor input.Later we show that higher improvement rate of longevity rather than initial life expectancy will promote economic growth,even we exclude the mechanism of human capital formation,and only consider growth effects of higher improvement rate of life expectancy from physical capital investment.

Changes in Citizen Participation in Japanese Civil Society

Japan experienced the retrenchment of the welfare state. The purpose of this study was to deepen the understanding of the impact these policy changes had on citizens’ organized activities. It focused on the 2016 revision of Long-Term Care Insurance （LTCI） system, which urged citizens to organize activities to support the frail seniors in their communities. Researchers conducted interviews in the Tokyo from February-March 2016. The subjects were six local officers in charge of LTCI implementation and 10 community members who led the voluntary activities organized as a response to the 2016 systemic revision. This study found that those leading voluntary activities were primarily baby boomers, who were born between 1947 and 1949. They were actively involved in “new voluntary activity movements” in the 1980s, as interacting with a wide range of citizens. However, as they reached the age of 65 or older, they became more focused on developing a comfortable space and collaborating with those similar to them： those who were college graduates, middle- to upper-class, and held white-collar jobs. The disparity based on income level seemed to be emphasized also because the way the 2016 revision of LTCI system was designed.

Student Self-assessment for Undergraduate, Graduate and Imernational Finance Courses

Assessing student learning can be exceedingly challenging considering that as faculty we never really know what a student knows prior to entering our classroom and what value-added material has been assimilated during the academic quarter. This research paper introduces a self-assessment instrument that focuses on ten major finance topics and reports the results of the administration of the self-assessment tool for finance education at the undergraduate and graduate level in courses taught in the United States and abroad. Ten topics of importance to most finance curriculum design were selected as the focus topics. The research methodology employed uses a pre-/post- test comparison with ＂understanding＂ being measured on a five-point Lichert scale as implemented in five different fmanee courses. Significant measurable differences occurred in each of the courses using this finance assessment instrument with overall average improvement of understanding by the students as much as one entire point. For exarnple, 1.5 mean score for the pre-test and 2.4 mean score for the post -test for an introductory finance class at the undergraduate level in a college of business. Additional improvements were assessed in each of the courses surveyed.

An Investigation of Samoan Student Experiences in Two Homework Study Groups in Melbourne

This research examines Samoan student experiences in two Homework Study Groups （HSGs） in Melbourne using a researcher-practitioner approach. It highlights that school teachers need to acknowledge students＇ preferred learning methods, especially those of minority backgrounds like the Samoan participants in this investigation. A detailed exploration of the experiences of students in two HSGs finds that while students and their families place a high priority on learning, their cultural practices are not compatible with standard Western learning approaches. The HSGs provided a social space in which students could ask the teacher questions without fear of appearing foolish, in which they could apply themselves to study. It provided a physical study space away from the demands some Samoan families place on their young people, and it provided a cultural space in which the students could learn according to fa＇aSamoa （traditional values and beliefs）. This research makes a contribution to an understanding of the motivations of Melbourne-based Samoan students to learn, of what concerns them, and of impediments to their educational success. It also offers insight into the benefits that set up a specific space for students offers, when its specific intent is influencing the merging of Samoan and Western ideas to further learning.

Uses of Social Networking Sites and Satisfactions Achieved by Emirati Youth： A Field Study on a Sample of Sharjah University Students

The study, throughout the usage of Emirati youth for the social networking sites and satisfactions achieved, illustrated that the nature of those networks is considered a rapidly developing method of communication, which is accompanied by attempts to impose a number of short abbreviated vocabulary to be used among the youth. Since social networking sites represent one of the most significant tremendous development aspects of information technology, which reached its peak during the last decade, the researcher considered the importance of conducting this study in order to know the impact of social networking sites on the youth through Intemet, blogs and chat rooms, as well as attempting to confront them and making them aware of their importance in their daily lives. Accordingly, the study has focused on a random category of youth, whose ages are ranging between 17-21 years old of university students, as being the highest category of usage. Results revealed the following： A high percentage of Emirati youth 77.5% mentioned that they ＂always＂ use those sites; the percentage of males, who ＂always＂ use social media reached 38.5% while the percentage of females reached 61, since the meaningful value reached 0.05〉0.044, which indicated that WhatsApp, YouTube, Twitter and Facebook are the most commonly used social media by the study individuals. Most of the study individuals use the social networking sites daily 84%, and there are statistically significant differences between males and females in terms of the times of using social media. A high percentage of the Emirati youth uses Internet for more than three hours daily; especially in the evenings, and there are not statistically significant differences between males and females in terms of the most common periods in which social media are used, and the most common age groups of using social media from one year and more range between 17-20. ＂Home＂ is the most favorite place of using social media （85.40% mentioned that）. Most of the study individuals can make a balance between spending time on Internet and spending time with people outside the world of Internet. The percentage of those, who mentioned that social networking sites affected them positively, was higher than the percentage of the ones, who mentioned that the social media affected them negatively. Among the most prominent usages of social media by the Emirati youth are： staying informed about news and current events, while most of them focused on chatting, followed by sharing photos and images. Most of the sample of study mentioned that the youth are just readers, who comment on what is shared and posted on the social media. The most prominent motives of the Emirati youth for using social media are represented in obtaining information, and communicating with others, which came on top of the motives relevant to the usage of social media, followed by entertainment, education, followed by various motives, including routine etc. Some of the most significant satisfactions achieved through using the social networking sites by the Emirati youth are entertainment and spending leisure time with others.

Equivalence Problems in Translation

Equivalence is an important notion in translation theory. Therefore, theorists in the field of translation studies are interested in studying and examining this notion in order to discover its effect on the way a translator deals with a text. The aim of this study is to explore the different definitions of translation as a process and as a product. The study focuses on specific definitions that have been introduced by Arab scholars in the field of translation, for example, AI-zarqani （1998） who argued that translation is an act of transferring a text with all its meanings and objectives from one language to another. This idea of transferring the different meanings and objectives of a given text imposes an important question that the researcher tries to answer in this paper. Is translation a process of substituting a text in one language for a text in another？ After reviewing the related literature and by analyzing different translated passages from Arabic and English, it shows that translation is not a mere substitution of texts among languages. The translator must be aware of the objectives and meanings conveyed in the source text in order to produce an accurate translation.

Capacitated Dynamic Facility Location Problem Based on Tabu Search Algorithm

Facility location problem is a kind of NP-Hard combinational problem.Considering ever-changing demand sites,demand quantity and releasing cost,we formulate a model combining tabu search and FCM(fuzzy clustering method) to solve the capacitated dynamic facility location problem.Some results are achieved and they show that the proposed method is effective.

Observation Of an English Class

EAP class offers opportunities to international students doing various courses at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The EAP course could not only enhance the communication skills of the international students, but also improve their knowledge of English grammar, vocabulary, spelling, sentence structure and composition skills. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the useful teaching method teacher used in class, and help different students improving their English skills.

The Financial Implications of Using Decision Tree Analysis for Publicly Funded Health Care Screening in Canada

This article demonstrates that decision trees have several applications in screening for incidences of various cancers in the publicly funded health care system of Canada. This article reviews previous research on the design of various types of decision trees to identify the relevant decision-making parameters that should be incorporated into enhanced usage of decision trees. This article proposes a methodology for screening breast and prostate cancers. While an accounting is made for various financial costs and benefits, comments are made on the limitations of the modeling exercise through identification of problems in assigning probabilities, the use of samples in ascertaining population parameters, ethical concerns, and measuring a cost per life year. This article concludes with prospects for future research including private sector versus public sector financing and the incorporation of opportunity costs into the decision-making process.

Purification Processes and Market Potential of Bromelain in Brazil

Bromelain is the denomination given to the group of endoproteases obtained from members of Bromeliacea family. These enzymes have a wide range of proven applications and have been an object of study for worldwide researchers for decades. Over the years, several different downstream processes were studied in order to determine which technique would be worthwhile to be implemented in Brazil and provide the national market with such product. The objective of the present study is to relate the main studies in Brazil that has proven that bromelain purification can be cost-effective, in addition to the well-known benefits owned by such enzymes, and highlight the applications that create their market potential in the Brazilian market.

Roles Portrayed by Women： A Content Analysis in Brazilian Television Advertisements

The main purpose of this paper was to examine female roles portrayed by advertising. More specifically, the questions that motivated this research project were ＂What messages about women have been given to society through advertisement？＂ and ＂Have these portrayals been changed during the past decades？＂ The study consisted of a systematic content analysis of Brazilian commercials from 1973 to 2000. The population from which this sample was drawn consisted of Brazilian commercials which got an award in international and national festivals. A probabilistic sample procedure was employed. Ninety five pieces were selected. The categories and operational rules used in the study were developed based on previous research. This study has proposed that female images in advertising are depicted in three different ways： stereotyped, idealized, and plural portrayals. Our results have revealed that some specific images have changed, however, they continued to be stereotyped and idealized.

Newspaper Reporting of Suicide Impact on Rate of Suicide in the Contemporary Society in Sri Lanka

Suicide has been largely investigated by many researchers in a variety of perspectives. The objective of this study is to identify the relationship between the rate of suicide in contemporary society and how it can be affected by the way of suicide reporting at the same time. Qualitative method is used to analysis the data capturing from observation, interviews and textual analysis. Special attention has been paid to the news reporting in the suicide in Sri Lankan newspapers. Sinhala medium newspapers： Lankadeepa, Diwaina, Lakbima, Silumina, Dinamina, Rivira, were used as the major sample of this study. Time period is located from January 2000 to January 2010. In conclusion, Suicide has been reporting in Sri Lanka as a heroic and sensational action for the target of maximum selling and the financial benefit of media institutions. Use of Language in suicide reporting and the placement of the story in the newspaper have been two major factors that cause to glamorize the incident. Suicide reporting is highly sensational and rhetorically made by the ownership of the media and non-ethical consideration of the journalism in Sri Lanka. Victims and vulnerable are encouraged to get in to suicide and they are generally encouraged to their action for faith. Suicide should be reported in the newspaper as a problem of mental health and attention should be drawn to well inform the public on the issue. Human incidents should not be reported in media for cheap commercial purposes that indirectly chance to gain much financial profit through the highest selling and expansion. This study suggest to take necessary action to immediately make a frame of ethics of media reporting that avoids such unethical reporting in the practice of suicide reporting in Sri Lanka.