水库网箱养殖杂交鳢“杭鳢1号”高产试验

水库网箱养殖杂交鳢"杭鳢1号",2010年7月在网箱中放养尾质量8.4g"杭鳢1号"鱼种,经170d饲养,平均尾质量达372.5g;2010年底进行成鱼放养,网箱面积200m2,投入尾质量376.3g鱼种20 700尾,经一年饲养,净产成鱼19 196kg,最高单产102.3kg/m2,平均单产95.98kg/m2,最大个体2650g,平均尾质量1573.4g,成活率82.0%,投入产出比1∶1.74。

优质晚粳新品种杭43的特征特性及高产栽培技术

杭43是杭州市农业科学研究院农作所育成的优质中熟晚粳新品种。茎秆粗壮、株型紧凑、穗大粒多、高产稳产；品质优、中抗稻瘟病，适应性广。米饭柔软，食味佳。其栽培要点为：适时播种，宜用直播，科学用肥，合理灌溉，及时防治病虫害。

杂交鳢“杭鳢1号”与乌鳢池塘养殖水质对比试验

本研究通过杂交鳢“杭鳢1号”和鸟鳢池塘养殖水质情况对比分析，结果表明：“杭鳢1号”一个养殖周期内相比传统乌鳢养殖换水次数减少8～10次，单位面积减少污水排放量达80％，减少总磷污染物排放达87．18％，减少总氮污染物排放达92．97％。对两个品种池塘水样的重金属检测结果发现，乌鳢池塘水样铅指标较高，存在重金属超标隐患。“杭鳢1号”达到无公害产品产地环境标准。本试验认为“杭鳢1号”的养殖很好地解决了传统乌鳢养殖的面源污染问题，产生了显著的生态效益，产品质量安全得到保证。通过“杭鳢1号”养殖的大力推广，可提升乌鳢养殖产业，促进其健康持续发展。

多用途优质早籼品种杭959

杭959系杭州市农科院农作所育成的多用途优质中熟早籼品种。经全省试种示范，表现为丰产性好、熟期适中、抗稻瘟病、后期青杆黄熟、耐肥抗倒，较适宜规范化新型栽培——抛秧和直播种植。该品种系我省工业加工和饲用的优质早籼新品种，适合作工业发酵、营养米粉和饲料等方面专用，符合当前水稻品种专用化和产业化开发需求，2000年通过浙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定，适宜在我省稻区推广种植。

早熟辣椒新品种“杭椒一号”高产栽培技术

辣椒新品种——"杭椒一号",早熟、高产、抗病,已成为漳平市冬春种辣椒主栽品种。本文从七个方面细致地阐述了"杭椒一号"高产栽培技术,包括播种育苗、苗期管理、定植、肥水管理、病虫防治、采收等,为该品种的推广应用提供依据。

赵孟頫与钱塘崔氏的交游——从《杭州福神观记》说起

钱塘士人崔进之与赵孟頫关系十分亲密。但关于崔进之此人仅有零星记载,其生平事迹总体隐而不彰。兹据赵孟頫所书《杭州福神观记》,结合其他赵氏传世书札及题跋材料,不惟可以厘清钱塘崔氏与吴兴赵氏的交游及缔姻之经纬,对于赵孟頫所书数封存世书札之系年亦可提供若干佐证。

傈僳族社会生活中的巫文化

本文分析了傈僳族巫术文化的内容和方式，也阐释了傈僳族普遍信仰的“尼”的实质———原始初民的万物有灵崇拜。简要地介绍了“尼”教的组织构成，并以实例解释了法术和医术，它既有迷信的外衣也有科学的内涵。指出把“尼”译为鬼或译为神都是错误的，“尼”非鬼，也并非是所谓的“封建迷信”。今天它仍然影响着人们的生产、生活和价值观念。“尼”、“巫术”从不同的侧面反映着民族精神。我们应该克服“左”的认识，为“尼”正名。

Patterns of species diversity and functional diversity of breeding birds in Hangzhou across an urbanization gradient

Given the rapid rise in human population and increasing urbanization,it is important to understand their potential impacts on biodiversity.From March 2007 to August 2007,we conducted bird surveys in 90 strip transects,each 3 km long and 100 m wide,along a gradient of urbanization in Hangzhou,China.This gradient spanned a range of urbanization levels including urban areas,rural-urban continuum areas,farming areas,mixed forest/farming areas and forested areas.We recorded 96 breeding bird species and classified them into nine functional groups based on nesting requirements.The nine functional groups consisted of canopy nesters,shrub nesters,canopy/shrub nesters,natural cavity nesters,building nesters,natural cavity/building nesters,ground nesters,water surface nesters and parasitic nesters.Species and functional diversities were estimated based on the Shannon-Wiener index.Environmental data of each transect as human disturbance,vegetation cover and building index were also measured,and a synthetic urbanization index of each transect was introduced based on these data.We used regression analyses to model the relationship of species abundance,species diversity,functional abundance and functional diversity with this synthetic index.The results show that urbanization significantly reduces species richness,species diversity,functional richness and functional diversity,but the specific patterns differed.The relationship between species abundance/species diversity and urbanization is linear.In contrast,the relationship between functional diversity and urbanization was quadratic.In other words,with increased urbanization,functional diversity declined only slightly at first but then dropped at an accelerating rate.This implies that,although moderate urbanization reduces species diversity of breeding birds,it affects functional diversity of breeding birds only slightly in Hangzhou.The regression analysis of species diversity and functional diversity suggests a quadratic relationship between species diversity and functional diversity,i.e.,a linear relationship between species diversity and functional diversity can only exist at low diversity levels across urbanization gradients and increasing species abundance does not lead to an increase in functional diversity at the highest diversity levels.

A new species of Chilothrips Hood, 1916(Thysanoptera:Thripidae) from China

Chilothrips hangzhouensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated in detail. This new species is similar to C. strobilus but can be distinguished from the latter by the two pairs of ocellar setae and the absent of the pore plates on abdominal sternites Ⅲ –Ⅳ（C. strobilus has three pairs of ocellar setae and abdominal sternites Ⅲ –Ⅳ have pore plates）.

Heavy Metals, Phosphorus and Some Other Elements in Urban Soils of Hangzhou City, China

Health implications of inhaling and/or ingesting dust particles with high concentrations of heavy metals from urban soils are a subject of intense concern. Understanding the geochemistry of these metals is key to their effective management. Total concentrations of heavy metals,phosphorus (P) and 8 other elements from topsoil samples collected at 82 locations in Hangzhou City were measured to:a) assess their distribution in urban environments; and b) understand their differentiation as related to land use. Metal mobility was also studied using a three-step sequential chemical fractionation procedure. About 8.5%,1.2%,3.6%,11.0% and 30.3% of the soil samples had Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,and Zn concentrations,respectively,above their allowable limits for public and private green areas and residential use. However,in commercial and industrial areas,most samples had metal concentrations below their allowable limits. Statistical analyses revealed that the 16 measured elements in urban soils could be divided into four groups based on natural or anthropic sources using a hierarchical cluster analysis. Additionally,Cu,Pb,and P showed similar spatial distributions with significant pollution in commercial zones,suggesting vehicle traffic or commercial activities as dominant pollutant sources. Also,Cd,Co,Cr,Ni,Zn,Mn and Fe had the highest concentrations in industrial locations,signifying that industrial activities were the main sources of these seven metals. Moreover,the data highlighted land-use as a major influence on heavy metal concentrations and forms found in topsoils with large proportions of soil Cd,Co,Cr,and Ni found in residual fractions and soil Cu,Pb and Zn mainly as extractable fractions.

ANALYSIS OF REMOTE SENSING ARCHAEOLOGY ON TRAFFIC FUNCTION TRANSFORMATION OF TONGJI GRAND CANAL IN SUI AND TANG DYNASTIES

In China, most directions of river flowing are from west to east. During historic period, since the water traffic played an important role, it was very important to form a cross-horizontal net of water carriage route. Canals should be dug so as to make up the lack of north-south river. Tongji Grand Canal, dug in the first year of Daye (605 A.D.) in the Sui Dynasty, was the important component of north-south system of Grand Canals in China. It promoted economic and social development of the Sui, Tang and Song dynasties (605 A.D.-1279 A.D.). As Tongji Canal (i.e. Tongji Grand Canal) flowed across the Huaibei Plain, which is aggraded by abundant mud and sand deposit resulted from the Huanghe (Yellow) River flooding, many traces (such as old channel) and human culture heritages were buried under mud-sand. Tongji Canal was silted up, and disappeared in the Jin Dynasty (1115 A.D.-1234 A.D.). From then on, there were many different stories about the flowing route of the canal in historical literature. Based on space-bone and air-bone remote sensing imagery, we attempt to search the old channel of Tongji Canal, and supplement historical record. The paper discusses transformation process of Tongji Canal’s traffic function, and resumptively summarizes the reasons of the transformation, which results from synthetic function of physical geographical, political, economic, and social conditions.

pCO_2 and carbon fluxes across sea-air interface in the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay

Partial pressure of CO2(pCO2) was investigated in the Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary,Hangzhou Bay and their adjacent areas during a cruise in August 2004,China.The data show that pCO2 in surface waters of the studied area was higher than that in the atmosphere with only exception of a patch east of Zhoushan Archipelago.The pCO2 varied from 168 to 2 264 μatm,which fell in the low range compared with those of other estuaries in the world.The calculated sea-air CO2 fluxes decreased offshore and varied from -10.0 to 88.1 mmol m-2 d-1 in average of 24.4 ± 16.5 mmol m-2 d-1.Although the area studied was estimated only 2 × 104 km2,it emitted(5.9 ± 4.0) × 103 tons of carbon to the atmosphere every day.The estuaries and their plumes must be further studied for better understanding the role of coastal seas playing in the global oceanic carbon cycle.

Biomarkers of neurodegenerative disorders: How good are they?

Biomarkers are very important indicators of normal and abnormal biological processes. Specific changes in pathologies, biochemistries and genetics can give us comprehensive information regarding the nature of any particular disease. A good biomarker should be precise and reliable, distinguishable between normal and interested disease, and differential between different diseases. It is believed that biomarkers have great potential in predicting chances for diseases, aiding in early diagnosis, and setting standards for the development of new remedies to treat diseases. New technologies have enabled scientists to identify biomarkers of several different neurodegenerative diseases. The followings, for instance, are only a few of the many new biomarkers that have been recently identified: the phosphorylated tau protein and aggregated β-amyloid peptide for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), α-synuclein contained Lewy bodies and altered dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging for Parkinson’s disease (PD), SOD mutations for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and CAG repeats resulted from Huntington’s gene mutations in Huntington’s disease (HD). This article will focus on the most-recent findings of biomarkers belonging to the four mentioned neurodegenerative diseases.

A Modified DRASTIC Approach to Shallow Groundwater Vulnerability in the West Lake Watershed in Hangzhou, China

The quality of shallow groundwater in the West Lake watershed wasinvestigated form March to July 2000. Integrating with BlacklandGRASS GIS system, the DRASTIC model was used to compile the ground-water vulnerability map. A land use factor was added to the DRASTICmodel and the modified model (LDRASTIC0 increased the accuracy ofprediction form 26.9/100 to 51.3/100. The vulnerability map showedthat the lowly, moderately and highly susceptible area predictedoccupied about 11.6/100, 70.9/100 and 17.5/100 of the wholewatershed, respectively. Compared with the observed values of nitrateand electric conductivity, the LDRASTIC index improved the Pearsoncorrelation coefficients form -0.010 to 0.237 and 0.380 to 0.503;Both the improved coefficients were significant at the 0.01 level.The modified DRASTIC analysis showed a Great potential as a screeningtool for policy decision-making in groundwater management.

Tourist Behaviors in Wetland Park:A Preliminary Study in Xixi National Wetland Park,Hangzhou,China

Public education as well as tourism and leisure are the two important functions of national wetland park, and tourist behaviors act as the guiding factor in the national wetland park construction and management.As the first national wetland park in China, Xixi National Wetland Park, located in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, will give constructive instructions to the construction and management of other wetland parks and ecotourism resorts.This paper analyzed the tourist behaviors in Xixi National Wetland Park.By the observation, in-depth interview and questionnaire, the results show that tourists in wetland parks are different from those in the other common destinations, and they are also different from those strict eco-tourists.In fact, the tourists in wetland park have unique characteristics, such as the intense perception to the functions of wetland ecosystem and the environment impact behaviors.Those tourists are preferred to natural landscapes in their motivations and expectations.Wetland landscapes are the main image to those tourists in the Xixi National Wetland Park.Tourist expectation, experience and satisfaction are all critical factors for the success of the planning and management in national wetland parks.Based on the results, some measures for the sustainable development of wetland parks, including to optimize wetland theme landscape and tourism products, to improve tourist facilities and services, to enhance quality of visitor experiences, and to implement total quality management based on tourist characteristics, are given to national wetland park ecotourism.

Late Quaternary sedimentary environmental evolution offshore of the Hangzhou Bay,East China——implications for sea level change and formation of Changjiang alongshore current

This study focuses on sedimentary environmental changes offshore of Hangzhou Bay, East China, since the Late Quaternary. AMS ^14C ages from core CJK10, lithologies, distribution of foraminifera, heavy minerals, and S and C1 elements show a fluvial terrace environment during -23.2-11.0 cal ka BP; a littoral to tidal-flat environment during 11.0-10.2 cal ka BP; and a shallow marine environment with a relatively low sedimentation rate （0.1-0.22 cm/a） since 4.3 cal ka BP. High depositional rates （-1.6 cm/a） from 10.9 to 10.2 cal ka BP resulted from sufficient accommodation space created by rapid sea level rise from -44 m to -33 m, from high sediment delivery by local rivers, and effective trapping of sediments by tidal-flat vegetation. The rate of sea level rise was variable; relatively high from 10.9 to 10.6 cal ka BP （2.1 cm/a）, and lower since 10.6 cal ka BP （1.2 cm/a）. The Changjiang alongshore current crossed the Hangzhou Bay to form the mud wedge on the inner shelf of the East China Sea later than 9.4 cal ka BP. The CJK10 site was a tide-dominated shelf environment and experienced erosion from approximately 9.4-9.2 cal ka BP to 4.3 cal ka BP. The depositional hiatus was caused by the Changjiang alongshore current, which was relatively weak during 9.4-7.5 cal ka BP and increased in strength during -7.5-4 cal ka BP. From -4.3 cal ka BP, a large amount of sediment from the Changjiang River was partly deposited on the continental shelf of Hangzhou Bay with some transported southward. Therefore, this study clarifies the history of Changjiang-derived sediment dispersal and deposition, although a detailed record of the changes in the Chang3iang alongshore current since 4.3 cal ka BP is difficult to obtain because of the scarcity of evidence.

Hedonic price analysis of urban housing:An empirical research on Hangzhou,China

The hedonic price model is widely applied to study the urban housing market because of the heterogeneity of housing products. Literature indicated that the hedonic price theory mainly includes two parts: Lancaster’s partiality theory and Rosen’s characteristic market equilibrium analysis. This paper chose 18 characteristics as independent variables and set up a linear hedonic price model for Hangzhou City. The model was tested with 2473 housing samples and field survey data of 290 housing commu-nities. This research found that 14 out of 18 characteristics had significant influence on housing price. They were classified into 5 groups according to their impact degree.

Mineralization-related geochemical anomalies derived from stream sediment geochemical data using multifractal analysis in Pangxidong area of Qinzhou-Hangzhou tectonic joint belt, Guangdong Province, China

Distinguishing geochemical anomalies from background is a basic task in exploratory geochemistry. The derivation of geochemical anomalies from stream sediment geochemical data and the decomposition of these anomalies into their component patterns were described. A set of stream sediment geochemical data was obtained for 1 880 km 2 of the Pangxidong area, which is in the southern part of the recently recognized Qinzhou-Hangzhou joint tectonic belt. This belt crosses southern China and tends to the northwest (NE) direction. The total number of collected samples was 7 236, and the concentrations of Ag, Au, Cu, As, Pb and Zn were measured for each sample. The spatial combination distribution law of geochemical elements and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to construct combination models for the identification of combinations of geochemical anomalies. Spectrum-area (S-A) fractal modeling was used to strengthen weak anomalies and separate them from the background. Composite anomaly modeling was combined with fractal filtering techniques to process and analyze the geochemical data. The raster maps of Au, Ag, Cu, As, Pb and Zn were obtained by the multifractal inverse distance weighted (MIDW) method. PCA was used to combine the Au, Ag, Cu, As, Pb, and Zn concentration values. The S-A fractal method was used to decompose the first component pattern achieved by the PCA. The results show that combination anomalies from a combination of variables coincide with the known mineralization of the study area. Although the combination anomalies cannot reflect local anomalies closely enough, high-anomaly areas indicate good sites for further exploration for unknown deposits. On this basis, anomaly and background separation from combination anomalies using fractal filtering techniques can provide guidance for later work.

Numerical Simulation of Pollutant Transport and Accumulation Areas in the Hangzhou Bay

Based on the COHERENS model (a coupled hydrodynamic ecological model for regional and shelf seas), a numerical hydrodynamic model of the Hangzhou Bay, influenced by tide, regional winds and freshwater from the Yangtze River and the Qiantangjiang River was established. The Lagrangian particle tracking was simulated to provide tracer trajectories. For convenience, the modeling area was divided into 8 subdomains and the modeling focused on March (dry season) and July (wet season). Numerical simulation and analysis indicate that the tracer trajectories originated in different subdomains are quite different. Most particles released in the mouth of the bay move outside the bay quickly and reach the farthest place at 122.5°E; while particles released in the inner part of the bay mostly remain in the same subdomain, with only minor migrations in two opposite directions along the shore. The tracer experiments also indicate that the northwest region of the bay is an area where pollutant can easily accumulate in both wet and dry seasons, and that the southeast region of the bay is another area for pollutant to accumulate in dry season because it is the main path for the contaminant.

ROLE OF INTERVENING OPPORTUNITY IN TOURIST DESTINATION DEVELOPMENT

Intervening opportunity is an important factor in spatial interaction, and has very important impacts on tourist destination development in a region. There are few literatures on this topic in tourist researches, and especially in China fewer tourist researchers pay attention to intervening opportunity theory. This article, taking Lin’an as a case study, aims to introduce intervening opportunity theory in tourist destination development by the comprehensive ana-lysis of some data including literatures, Internet information, longitudinal data and some tourist surveys. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are all used in this research. Firstly, the authors expatiate upon the definition of intervening opportunity, by reviewing the literatures in detail, take Lin’an of Zhejiang Province as a case study, and then analyze some necessary factors of intervening opportunity, such as regional tourist demands and supplies, tourist attractions, spatial distance and transportation, tourist images and costs, regional competition and cooperation in tourist destinations. Finally the impacts of intervening opportunity on Lin’an tourist development are analyzed in detail. The results show that intervening opportunity do not occur everywhere, and there must be some critical factors, and intervening opportunity surely plays important roles in tourist destination development. The tourist development in Lin’an is attributed to intervening opportunity of the spatial location between Hangzhou and Huangshan that are two famous tourist cities in China, and the occurrence of intervening opportunities in Lin’an is the integration of some external and internal factors.