AIM:To analyze the experience within our hospital and to review the literature so as to establish the best means of diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. METHODS:The records of 11 patients (4 males,7 females, mean age ...AIM:To analyze the experience within our hospital and to review the literature so as to establish the best means of diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. METHODS:The records of 11 patients (4 males,7 females, mean age 39 years,range 18-65 years) diagnosed with abdominal tuberculosis in Harran University Hospital between January 1996 and October 2003 were analyzed retrospectively and the literature was reviewed. RESULTS:Ascites was present in all cases.Other common findings were weight loss (81%),weakness (81%),abdominal mass (72%),abdominal pain (72%),abdominal distension (63%),anorexia (45%) and night sweat (36%).The average hemoglobin was 8.2 g/dL and the average FAR was 50 mm/h (range 30-125).Elevated levels of cancer antigen CA-125 were determined in four patients.Abdominal ultrasound showed abnormalities in all cases:ascites in all,tuboovarian mass in five,omental thickening in 3,and enlarged lymph nodes (mesenteric,para-aortic) in 2.CT scans showed ascites in all,pelvic mass in 5,retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy in 4,mesenteric stranding in 4,omental stranding in 3, bowel wall thickening in 2 and mesenteric lymphadenopathy in 2.Only one patient had a chest radiograph suggestive of a new TB lesion.Two had a positive family history of pulmonary TB.None had acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in the sputum and the tuberculin test was positive in only two.Laparotomy was performed in 6 cases,laparoscopy in 4 and ultrasound- guided fine needle aspiration in 2.In those patients subjected to operation,the findings were multiple diffuse involvement of the visceral and parietal peritoneum,white ‘miliary nodules’or plaques,enlarged lymph nodes,ascites, ‘violin string’fibrinous strands,and omental thickening. Biopsy specimens showed granulomas,while ascitic fluid showed numerous lymphocytes.Both were negative for acid-fast bacilli by staining.PCR of ascitic fluid was positive for Mycobactenum tuberculosis ( M.tuberculosis) in all cases. CONCLUSION:Abdominal TB should be considered in all cases with ascites.Our experience suggests that PCR of ascitic fluid obtained by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration is a reliable method for its diagnosis and should at least be attempted before surgical intervention.展开更多
Based on the web of Science database, such as the countries, research institutes, core authors, key journals and the distribution of research fields, the number of corporate social responsibility（CSR）, articles publ...Based on the web of Science database, such as the countries, research institutes, core authors, key journals and the distribution of research fields, the number of corporate social responsibility（CSR）, articles published during 20 years （1994 to 2013 ） in the world were analyzed by bibliometric method. The total of 1,544 articles and their top 20 countries, research institutes, core authors, key journals and research fields for the literature types, the number of annual articles was retrieved globally. Analyses of status and trends of CSR researches in the world based on bibliometrics were performed for providing information to CSR researchers and decision makers.展开更多
Corporate decisions related to ＂make or buy＂ have significantly changed over the last 20 years, since the rush towards concentration on core business of the 1980s has progressively lost grasp. Although long-term all...Corporate decisions related to ＂make or buy＂ have significantly changed over the last 20 years, since the rush towards concentration on core business of the 1980s has progressively lost grasp. Although long-term alliances and mega deals are replacing the existing spot contracts, both academic literature and managerial practices still lack appropriate models for coping with such decisions. As a consequence, the traditional accounting approach, extensively based on emerging costs and cost savings, seems to be less and less effective in the governance of such phenomena. On the other hand, the managerial literature still suffers significant gaps in modeling the relations between outsourcing and business performance. The attention paid to the subject in past decades has not been matched by the rigor in assessing the actual impact on business performance. This paper aims to fill some of the existing gaps by presenting an original empirical study based on the analysis of the impact of outsourcing decisions on business performance.展开更多
Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University （APU） in Beppu city, Japan has a large body of students from well over 90 countries, especially from the Asia Pacific region, including Japanese, Korean, Chinese, Thai, Vietnamese...Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University （APU） in Beppu city, Japan has a large body of students from well over 90 countries, especially from the Asia Pacific region, including Japanese, Korean, Chinese, Thai, Vietnamese, and Indonesian students. To improve analytical thinking skills among college students, a course on ＂bioethics＂ was introduced and offered in two consecutive semesters to undergraduate students for which 245 students registered at each semester. The course was taught in the form of 14 lecture and discussion sessions, each for 95 minutes based on the content of A Cross-Cultural Introduction to Bioethics （2006） edited by Darryl Macer, and reviewed a wide variety of ethical and bioethical issues. In the next semester, the students received a similar teaching content that was rearranged to reflect the 15 universal principles of bioethics and human rights covered in the Bioethics Core Curriculum （2008）. Case studies were also added to each unit of the Core Curriculum with the support of the UNESCO＇s Asia Pacific Regional Office, Bangkok （Case Studies for Bioethics 2010）. To evaluate the results of teaching and to compare the achieved objectives between the two groups of students, a short questionnaire was given to all students who finished the course and took up the final written examination. In the whole, 454 students （225 in group I and 229 in group 2） completed the course and took the final examination and 427 （218 in group 1 and 209 in group 2） responded to the questionnaire which inquired into their interest in the discussion of bioethical issues： why they believed they were important, and what they had learned through them. The results of the questionnaire have been examined and compared to evaluate the success of ＂bioethics＂ in stimulating the interest and thinking ability of the students and enriching their experience of a cross-cultural discussion over bioethical issues using universal principles as general guidance. The result of this examination was so impressive that from 2011 bioethics has been formalized into the reformed curriculum of our international school.展开更多
The massive neutron star discoverer announced that strange particles, such as hyperons should be ruled out in the neutron star core as the soft Equation of State(EOS) can-not support a massive neutron star. However, m...The massive neutron star discoverer announced that strange particles, such as hyperons should be ruled out in the neutron star core as the soft Equation of State(EOS) can-not support a massive neutron star. However, many of the nuclear theories and laboratory experiments support that at high density the strange particles will appear and the corresponding EOS of super-dense matters will become soft. This situation promotes a challenge between the astro-observation and nuclear physics. In this work, we introduce an effective mechanism to answer this challenge, that is, if a neutron star is electrically charged, a soft EOS will be equivalently stiffened and thus can support a massive neutron star. By employing a representative soft EOS, it is found that in order to obtain an evident effect on the EOS and thus increasing the maximum stellar mass by the electrostatic field, the total net charge should be in an order of 1020 C. Moreover, by comparing the results of two kind of charge distributions, it is found that even for different distributions, a similar total charge:～2.3×1020C is needed to support a～2.0M⊙neutron star.展开更多
文摘AIM:To analyze the experience within our hospital and to review the literature so as to establish the best means of diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. METHODS:The records of 11 patients (4 males,7 females, mean age 39 years,range 18-65 years) diagnosed with abdominal tuberculosis in Harran University Hospital between January 1996 and October 2003 were analyzed retrospectively and the literature was reviewed. RESULTS:Ascites was present in all cases.Other common findings were weight loss (81%),weakness (81%),abdominal mass (72%),abdominal pain (72%),abdominal distension (63%),anorexia (45%) and night sweat (36%).The average hemoglobin was 8.2 g/dL and the average FAR was 50 mm/h (range 30-125).Elevated levels of cancer antigen CA-125 were determined in four patients.Abdominal ultrasound showed abnormalities in all cases:ascites in all,tuboovarian mass in five,omental thickening in 3,and enlarged lymph nodes (mesenteric,para-aortic) in 2.CT scans showed ascites in all,pelvic mass in 5,retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy in 4,mesenteric stranding in 4,omental stranding in 3, bowel wall thickening in 2 and mesenteric lymphadenopathy in 2.Only one patient had a chest radiograph suggestive of a new TB lesion.Two had a positive family history of pulmonary TB.None had acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in the sputum and the tuberculin test was positive in only two.Laparotomy was performed in 6 cases,laparoscopy in 4 and ultrasound- guided fine needle aspiration in 2.In those patients subjected to operation,the findings were multiple diffuse involvement of the visceral and parietal peritoneum,white ‘miliary nodules’or plaques,enlarged lymph nodes,ascites, ‘violin string’fibrinous strands,and omental thickening. Biopsy specimens showed granulomas,while ascitic fluid showed numerous lymphocytes.Both were negative for acid-fast bacilli by staining.PCR of ascitic fluid was positive for Mycobactenum tuberculosis ( M.tuberculosis) in all cases. CONCLUSION:Abdominal TB should be considered in all cases with ascites.Our experience suggests that PCR of ascitic fluid obtained by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration is a reliable method for its diagnosis and should at least be attempted before surgical intervention.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC-AF 31361130342）.
文摘Based on the web of Science database, such as the countries, research institutes, core authors, key journals and the distribution of research fields, the number of corporate social responsibility（CSR）, articles published during 20 years （1994 to 2013 ） in the world were analyzed by bibliometric method. The total of 1,544 articles and their top 20 countries, research institutes, core authors, key journals and research fields for the literature types, the number of annual articles was retrieved globally. Analyses of status and trends of CSR researches in the world based on bibliometrics were performed for providing information to CSR researchers and decision makers.
文摘Corporate decisions related to ＂make or buy＂ have significantly changed over the last 20 years, since the rush towards concentration on core business of the 1980s has progressively lost grasp. Although long-term alliances and mega deals are replacing the existing spot contracts, both academic literature and managerial practices still lack appropriate models for coping with such decisions. As a consequence, the traditional accounting approach, extensively based on emerging costs and cost savings, seems to be less and less effective in the governance of such phenomena. On the other hand, the managerial literature still suffers significant gaps in modeling the relations between outsourcing and business performance. The attention paid to the subject in past decades has not been matched by the rigor in assessing the actual impact on business performance. This paper aims to fill some of the existing gaps by presenting an original empirical study based on the analysis of the impact of outsourcing decisions on business performance.
文摘Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University （APU） in Beppu city, Japan has a large body of students from well over 90 countries, especially from the Asia Pacific region, including Japanese, Korean, Chinese, Thai, Vietnamese, and Indonesian students. To improve analytical thinking skills among college students, a course on ＂bioethics＂ was introduced and offered in two consecutive semesters to undergraduate students for which 245 students registered at each semester. The course was taught in the form of 14 lecture and discussion sessions, each for 95 minutes based on the content of A Cross-Cultural Introduction to Bioethics （2006） edited by Darryl Macer, and reviewed a wide variety of ethical and bioethical issues. In the next semester, the students received a similar teaching content that was rearranged to reflect the 15 universal principles of bioethics and human rights covered in the Bioethics Core Curriculum （2008）. Case studies were also added to each unit of the Core Curriculum with the support of the UNESCO＇s Asia Pacific Regional Office, Bangkok （Case Studies for Bioethics 2010）. To evaluate the results of teaching and to compare the achieved objectives between the two groups of students, a short questionnaire was given to all students who finished the course and took up the final written examination. In the whole, 454 students （225 in group I and 229 in group 2） completed the course and took the final examination and 427 （218 in group 1 and 209 in group 2） responded to the questionnaire which inquired into their interest in the discussion of bioethical issues： why they believed they were important, and what they had learned through them. The results of the questionnaire have been examined and compared to evaluate the success of ＂bioethics＂ in stimulating the interest and thinking ability of the students and enriching their experience of a cross-cultural discussion over bioethical issues using universal principles as general guidance. The result of this examination was so impressive that from 2011 bioethics has been formalized into the reformed curriculum of our international school.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10947023,11275073,and 11305063)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University of China(Grant Nos.2013ZG0036and 2013ZM107)University of China(Grant Nos.2013ZG0036 and2013ZM107)
文摘The massive neutron star discoverer announced that strange particles, such as hyperons should be ruled out in the neutron star core as the soft Equation of State(EOS) can-not support a massive neutron star. However, many of the nuclear theories and laboratory experiments support that at high density the strange particles will appear and the corresponding EOS of super-dense matters will become soft. This situation promotes a challenge between the astro-observation and nuclear physics. In this work, we introduce an effective mechanism to answer this challenge, that is, if a neutron star is electrically charged, a soft EOS will be equivalently stiffened and thus can support a massive neutron star. By employing a representative soft EOS, it is found that in order to obtain an evident effect on the EOS and thus increasing the maximum stellar mass by the electrostatic field, the total net charge should be in an order of 1020 C. Moreover, by comparing the results of two kind of charge distributions, it is found that even for different distributions, a similar total charge:～2.3×1020C is needed to support a～2.0M⊙neutron star.
