Sod culture in peach orchards is an advanced soil management. The significances of sod culture in peach orchard are introduced, as well as the sod ways. The effects of sod culture in a peach orchard on soil, microclim...Sod culture in peach orchards is an advanced soil management. The significances of sod culture in peach orchard are introduced, as well as the sod ways. The effects of sod culture in a peach orchard on soil, microclimate and growth and development of peach tree, and disease, pest and weed are reviewed. The problems in sod culture in peach orchard in China are summarized. Sod culture could increase soil fertility, improve soil physical properties, relieve soil temperature change, increase soil microbial growth and soil enzyme activity, improve microclimate and fruit quality, reduce physiological disease, insect pests and weeds.展开更多
Peeling trunk,binding insect-attracting belt,cleaning orchard and soil-covering under the crown were the control methods on overwintering generation of oriental fruit moth.However,they had not been applied widely on t...Peeling trunk,binding insect-attracting belt,cleaning orchard and soil-covering under the crown were the control methods on overwintering generation of oriental fruit moth.However,they had not been applied widely on the production because of the lack of systematic quantitative evaluation.Aiming at this fact,the control effects of these technical measures were studied in peach with different ripening period.The results showed that peeling trunk was the best with the control effect of88.64%.The control effect of binding insect-attracting belt of grass bundle was74.13%,which was the most economical and efficient.Covering with soil layer of 3cm under the crown during the middle ten days of March could holdback the adult getting out from soil.Cleaning deadwood could clean out the overwintering larvae on the ground.展开更多
Plant carbon sequestration is an effective way to abate the global warming. However, the field-scale carbon exchange on a peach orchard remains unclear. Here, using an eddy covariance technique, the net ecosystem carb...Plant carbon sequestration is an effective way to abate the global warming. However, the field-scale carbon exchange on a peach orchard remains unclear. Here, using an eddy covariance technique, the net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange and energy balance were analyzed on a coarse-sand-field, no-tillage, 12-year-old-peach orchard. The results showed that during full flowering, the ability to sequestrate carbon was significant, it reached on the peak of-0.33 mg （CO2） m^-2 s^-1. During rapid growth, the Bowen ratio was under 0.3 and daily net carbon sequestration reached on the peak of-25.1 g （CO2） m^-2 d^-1. During the leaf fall stage, there is a great deal of CO2 emissions, the peak value of carbon sequestration reached ＋0.60 mg （CO2） m^-2 s^-1. During monitoring period, the daily average of net carbon sequestration and Bowen ratio was 1.22 ± 1.56 and -2.90 ± 6.63 g （CO2） m^-2 d^-1, respectively. The net carbon sequestration could reach -1,052 g （CO2） m^-2 in a year. These results reveal that there is high carbon sequestration on a coarse-sand-field, no-tillage peach orchard.展开更多
Soil erosion occurred in orchards has often attracted extensive attentions from the society with environmental considerations,as orchard is one of major methods of agricultural production in China.In the hilly red soi...Soil erosion occurred in orchards has often attracted extensive attentions from the society with environmental considerations,as orchard is one of major methods of agricultural production in China.In the hilly red soil region of China,many orchards are established on slope lands with a lack of grass covers,leading to severe soil losses.In order to mitigate this common environmental problem and evaluate the efficiency of erosion-control approaches,four treatments were set in field plots in this study,including terraced peach orchard with Arachis pintoi cv.Amarillo as mulch and Paspalum natatu and Digitariasmutsii as hedgerows(TTM),terraced peach orchard without conservation measures(TTW),sloping peach orchard with A.pintoi as mulch and P.natatu and Digitariasmutsii as hedgerows(STM),and sloping peach orchard without conservation measures(STW).The surface runoff,sediment yields and the contents of soil nutrients and organic carbon were monitored in the four treatments and the comprehensive eco-service benefits were further evaluated.The results indicate that available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),total nitrogen(TN) and organic matter(OM) in the soils of the TTM treatments and STM were significantly higher than those of the treatments TTW and STW,suggesting positive effects of the vegetation covers on the soil nutrients.Mean annual surface runoff and coefficient ranged from 0.86 to 34.79 m^3,and 0.007 to 0.282,respectively;the treatment TTM exhibited the best water conservation benefits and the treatment STW was the worst.Soil erosion modulus of the plots were 0-28.76t/hm^2 per year in average,and the treatments TTM and STM reduced significantly soil loss in comparison of the treatments TTW and STW;(d) total organic carbon in the vegetation covers ranged from 130.23 to 195.93 kg per year,and that for TTM and STM treatment significantly higher than TTW and STW treatment;comprehensive eco-service values of the orchards were evaluated considering all the factors including water conservation,soil fertility conservation,CO_2 fixation and O_2 supply,ranging from 563.35 $/y to 765.51 $/y.As expected,the treatments TTM and STM had significantly greater eco-service values than the treatments TTW and STW.In summary,we concluded that terraced orchard with A.pintoi as live mulch plus Paspalum natatu and Digitariasmutsii as hedgerows is a highly sustainable land use practice for the slope lands in red soil hilly region of China.展开更多
Based on the experience of emergency operation on earthquake and flooding in local and foreign countries, the secondary disasters of fire, damage of critical infrastructure usually harmed lives or disturbed living con...Based on the experience of emergency operation on earthquake and flooding in local and foreign countries, the secondary disasters of fire, damage of critical infrastructure usually harmed lives or disturbed living condition. In order to safeguard people＇s lives and property safety, Taoyuan City Government, except for elementary public facilities, added standardized disaster prevention parks and detention ponds in the zone-expropriation project at Chunglu area. The zone-expropriation project at Chunglu, Taoyuan is designed for 487,600 residents in 2021. The area of public facilities of park, school, road and green land is 50.7 ha, 41.88% of total development area of 122.06 ha, in which, the capacity of disaster prevention parks at Chunglu area is designed for 3,164 refugee in 7.54 ha. An underground storage construction, withstand 7-magnitude earthquake, could supply the amount of water consumption of 3 L daily per person, lasting at least four weeks. The capacity of two detention ponds is 87,800 m3. During normal times, the disaster prevention park and detention ponds can be used as a recreational space for residents. When a disaster occurs, shelters are set up in the parks to accommodate residents to protect lives and property. And, detention ponds could adjust outflow discharge into neighborhood drainage system to mitigate disaster happening. Because the construction of standardized disaster prevention park with climate change needs much more land area, the acquisition of private land area is very difficult either general acquisition or zone expropriation in urban area. During each stage of zone expropriation, the support of landlord and Mayor Wu is very important. By means of public participation, information meeting was held hundreds times and revised content according to landlord＇s positive opinion. Moreover, the design idea and content was discussed with consultant-company mutually from time to time. Fortunately, this project is finished successfully and got award from Public Construction Council of Taiwan in 2014.展开更多
The kiwifruit orchards with plants growing for over two years were chosen for interplanting of konjak, which takes advantages of complementation of the two plants in terms of habits, reducing water and soil erosions e...The kiwifruit orchards with plants growing for over two years were chosen for interplanting of konjak, which takes advantages of complementation of the two plants in terms of habits, reducing water and soil erosions effectively, and decreasing water evaporation, and konjak diseases. Furthermore, the interplanting doubles planting benefits and constitutes a highly-efficient planting model.展开更多
The Red Soil Hilly Region in South China, where there is a high capacity of carbon(C), and the land use and vegetation cover change greatly, is an important ecological area in the world, and has an important impact on...The Red Soil Hilly Region in South China, where there is a high capacity of carbon(C), and the land use and vegetation cover change greatly, is an important ecological area in the world, and has an important impact on the global carbon cycle and the seasonal fluctuation of atmospheric CO_2. To better evaluate the effects of reclamation systems in orchards converted from grasslands on soil carbon sequestration, we investigated soil organic carbon(SOC) content and stable C isotope(δ^(13)C)composition in three nectarine orchards at Yuchi Experimental Station in South China. Compared with the sloping clean tillage orchard and terraced clean tillage orchard, SOC content in the terraced orchard with grass cover was increased by 14.90% to 38.49%, and 7.40% to 15.33%, respectively. During the 14 years after orchard establishment, the soil organic matter sources influenced both δ^(13)C distribution with depth and carbon replacement. SOC turnover of the upper soil layer in the terraced orchard with grass cover(a mean 63.05% of replacement in the 20 cm after 14 years) was 1.59 and 1.41 times larger than that of the sloping clean tillage orchard and terraced clean tillage orchard under subtropical conditions, respectively. The equilibrium value of soil organic carbon in the three treatments ranged from 16.067 to 25.608 g/kg under the experimental conditions. The equilibrium value of soil organic carbon in the surface layer under grass cover was 54.801 t/hm^2, and the carbon sequestration potential was 24.695 1 t/hm^2.展开更多
文摘Sod culture in peach orchards is an advanced soil management. The significances of sod culture in peach orchard are introduced, as well as the sod ways. The effects of sod culture in a peach orchard on soil, microclimate and growth and development of peach tree, and disease, pest and weed are reviewed. The problems in sod culture in peach orchard in China are summarized. Sod culture could increase soil fertility, improve soil physical properties, relieve soil temperature change, increase soil microbial growth and soil enzyme activity, improve microclimate and fruit quality, reduce physiological disease, insect pests and weeds.
文摘Peeling trunk,binding insect-attracting belt,cleaning orchard and soil-covering under the crown were the control methods on overwintering generation of oriental fruit moth.However,they had not been applied widely on the production because of the lack of systematic quantitative evaluation.Aiming at this fact,the control effects of these technical measures were studied in peach with different ripening period.The results showed that peeling trunk was the best with the control effect of88.64%.The control effect of binding insect-attracting belt of grass bundle was74.13%,which was the most economical and efficient.Covering with soil layer of 3cm under the crown during the middle ten days of March could holdback the adult getting out from soil.Cleaning deadwood could clean out the overwintering larvae on the ground.
基金This work was supported by National Key Technology Supported Program of China （Project 2008BAD95B07, 2011BAD32B03）, the China National Natural Science Foundation （Project 31040006）.
文摘Plant carbon sequestration is an effective way to abate the global warming. However, the field-scale carbon exchange on a peach orchard remains unclear. Here, using an eddy covariance technique, the net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange and energy balance were analyzed on a coarse-sand-field, no-tillage, 12-year-old-peach orchard. The results showed that during full flowering, the ability to sequestrate carbon was significant, it reached on the peak of-0.33 mg （CO2） m^-2 s^-1. During rapid growth, the Bowen ratio was under 0.3 and daily net carbon sequestration reached on the peak of-25.1 g （CO2） m^-2 d^-1. During the leaf fall stage, there is a great deal of CO2 emissions, the peak value of carbon sequestration reached ＋0.60 mg （CO2） m^-2 s^-1. During monitoring period, the daily average of net carbon sequestration and Bowen ratio was 1.22 ± 1.56 and -2.90 ± 6.63 g （CO2） m^-2 d^-1, respectively. The net carbon sequestration could reach -1,052 g （CO2） m^-2 in a year. These results reveal that there is high carbon sequestration on a coarse-sand-field, no-tillage peach orchard.
文摘Soil erosion occurred in orchards has often attracted extensive attentions from the society with environmental considerations,as orchard is one of major methods of agricultural production in China.In the hilly red soil region of China,many orchards are established on slope lands with a lack of grass covers,leading to severe soil losses.In order to mitigate this common environmental problem and evaluate the efficiency of erosion-control approaches,four treatments were set in field plots in this study,including terraced peach orchard with Arachis pintoi cv.Amarillo as mulch and Paspalum natatu and Digitariasmutsii as hedgerows(TTM),terraced peach orchard without conservation measures(TTW),sloping peach orchard with A.pintoi as mulch and P.natatu and Digitariasmutsii as hedgerows(STM),and sloping peach orchard without conservation measures(STW).The surface runoff,sediment yields and the contents of soil nutrients and organic carbon were monitored in the four treatments and the comprehensive eco-service benefits were further evaluated.The results indicate that available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),total nitrogen(TN) and organic matter(OM) in the soils of the TTM treatments and STM were significantly higher than those of the treatments TTW and STW,suggesting positive effects of the vegetation covers on the soil nutrients.Mean annual surface runoff and coefficient ranged from 0.86 to 34.79 m^3,and 0.007 to 0.282,respectively;the treatment TTM exhibited the best water conservation benefits and the treatment STW was the worst.Soil erosion modulus of the plots were 0-28.76t/hm^2 per year in average,and the treatments TTM and STM reduced significantly soil loss in comparison of the treatments TTW and STW;(d) total organic carbon in the vegetation covers ranged from 130.23 to 195.93 kg per year,and that for TTM and STM treatment significantly higher than TTW and STW treatment;comprehensive eco-service values of the orchards were evaluated considering all the factors including water conservation,soil fertility conservation,CO_2 fixation and O_2 supply,ranging from 563.35 $/y to 765.51 $/y.As expected,the treatments TTM and STM had significantly greater eco-service values than the treatments TTW and STW.In summary,we concluded that terraced orchard with A.pintoi as live mulch plus Paspalum natatu and Digitariasmutsii as hedgerows is a highly sustainable land use practice for the slope lands in red soil hilly region of China.
文摘Based on the experience of emergency operation on earthquake and flooding in local and foreign countries, the secondary disasters of fire, damage of critical infrastructure usually harmed lives or disturbed living condition. In order to safeguard people＇s lives and property safety, Taoyuan City Government, except for elementary public facilities, added standardized disaster prevention parks and detention ponds in the zone-expropriation project at Chunglu area. The zone-expropriation project at Chunglu, Taoyuan is designed for 487,600 residents in 2021. The area of public facilities of park, school, road and green land is 50.7 ha, 41.88% of total development area of 122.06 ha, in which, the capacity of disaster prevention parks at Chunglu area is designed for 3,164 refugee in 7.54 ha. An underground storage construction, withstand 7-magnitude earthquake, could supply the amount of water consumption of 3 L daily per person, lasting at least four weeks. The capacity of two detention ponds is 87,800 m3. During normal times, the disaster prevention park and detention ponds can be used as a recreational space for residents. When a disaster occurs, shelters are set up in the parks to accommodate residents to protect lives and property. And, detention ponds could adjust outflow discharge into neighborhood drainage system to mitigate disaster happening. Because the construction of standardized disaster prevention park with climate change needs much more land area, the acquisition of private land area is very difficult either general acquisition or zone expropriation in urban area. During each stage of zone expropriation, the support of landlord and Mayor Wu is very important. By means of public participation, information meeting was held hundreds times and revised content according to landlord＇s positive opinion. Moreover, the design idea and content was discussed with consultant-company mutually from time to time. Fortunately, this project is finished successfully and got award from Public Construction Council of Taiwan in 2014.
基金Spported by Hubei Public Science and technology Program[Grant No.2013BBB08]Wuhan Science & Technology Planning Project(Grant No.2014020101010075)+1 种基金Special Fund of Hubei Konjak Industry Development in 2013the Natural Science Foundation of China[31401706]
文摘The kiwifruit orchards with plants growing for over two years were chosen for interplanting of konjak, which takes advantages of complementation of the two plants in terms of habits, reducing water and soil erosions effectively, and decreasing water evaporation, and konjak diseases. Furthermore, the interplanting doubles planting benefits and constitutes a highly-efficient planting model.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Program of Fujian Province(2017R1016-4)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2017J01072)
文摘The Red Soil Hilly Region in South China, where there is a high capacity of carbon(C), and the land use and vegetation cover change greatly, is an important ecological area in the world, and has an important impact on the global carbon cycle and the seasonal fluctuation of atmospheric CO_2. To better evaluate the effects of reclamation systems in orchards converted from grasslands on soil carbon sequestration, we investigated soil organic carbon(SOC) content and stable C isotope(δ^(13)C)composition in three nectarine orchards at Yuchi Experimental Station in South China. Compared with the sloping clean tillage orchard and terraced clean tillage orchard, SOC content in the terraced orchard with grass cover was increased by 14.90% to 38.49%, and 7.40% to 15.33%, respectively. During the 14 years after orchard establishment, the soil organic matter sources influenced both δ^(13)C distribution with depth and carbon replacement. SOC turnover of the upper soil layer in the terraced orchard with grass cover(a mean 63.05% of replacement in the 20 cm after 14 years) was 1.59 and 1.41 times larger than that of the sloping clean tillage orchard and terraced clean tillage orchard under subtropical conditions, respectively. The equilibrium value of soil organic carbon in the three treatments ranged from 16.067 to 25.608 g/kg under the experimental conditions. The equilibrium value of soil organic carbon in the surface layer under grass cover was 54.801 t/hm^2, and the carbon sequestration potential was 24.695 1 t/hm^2.
