Correlations of transcranial sonography of substantia nigra characteristics with MRI iron deposition on substantia nigra in patients with Parkinson disease

Objective To explore the correlations of transcranial sonography of substantia nigra(SN-TCS)characteristics with MRI iron deposition on substantia nigra in patients with Parkinson disease(PD).Methods Data of SN-TCS and craniocerebral MRI in 120 PD patients were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into iron deposition positive group(positive group,n=46)and iron deposition negative group(negative group,n=74)according to quantitative susceptibility mapping(QSM)value.Then parameters of SN-TCS and MRI were compared between groups(both P<0.05),and correlation analysis were also performed.Results The proportion of high echo positive,strong echo area and QSM value of substantia nigra,as well as of hyper-substantia nigra area/midbrain area(S/M)in positive group were all higher than those in negative group(all P<0.001).No significant difference of midbrain area was found between groups(P>0.05).Strong echo area of substantia nigra and S/M based on SN-TCS were both low-medium positively correlated with substantia nigra QSM value showed on MRI(r=0.497,0.529,both P<0.001).Conclusion SN-TCS characteristics of PD patients were correlated with MRI iron deposition on substantia nigra,among which strong echo area and S/M were valuable for evaluating iron deposition on substantia nigra.

Ultrafast pulse wave velocity technique for evaluating changes of carotid artery elasticity in Hashimoto thyroiditis patients with euthyroidism

Objective To explore the value of ultrafast pulse wave velocity(UFPWV)technique for evaluating changes of carotid artery elasticity in Hashimoto thyroiditis(HT)patients with euthyroidism.Methods Conventional ultrasound and UFPWV for carotid artery were prospectively performed in 91 HT patients with euthyroidism(HT group)and 81 healthy subjects(control group).Clinical data and ultrasonic parameters were compared between groups.Spearman correlation analysis was performed to observe the correlations of carotid pulse wave velocity in end of systole(PWV-ES)with clinical indexes and other ultrasonic parameters in HT group.Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was used to screen the independent impact factors of increased carotid PWV-ES in HT group.Results Significant differences of thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb),thyroglobulin antibody(TgAb),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)were found between groups(all P<0.05).The carotid PWV-ES in HT group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05),while no significant difference of carotid artery intima-media thickness(CIMT)nor carotid pulse wave velocity in beginning of systole(PWV-BS)was found between groups(both P>0.05).Carotid PWV-ES in HT group was positively correlated with patients'age,body mass index,TPOAb,TC,triglyceride,NLR and CIMT(r=0.217—0.707,all P<0.05).Patients'age,TPOAb and NLR were all independent impact factors of increased carotid PWV-ES in HT patients with euthyroidism(all P<0.05).Conclusion UFPWV technique could be used to evaluate changes of carotid artery elasticity in HT patients with euthyroidism,among which PWV-ES was relatively sensitive.

Ultrasonic manifestations and age distribution of internal abdominal hernia in children

Objective To observe the ultrasonic manifestations and age distribution of internal abdominal hernia in children.Methods Data of 53 children with internal abdominal hernia confirmed by operation were retrospectively analyzed.The ultrasonic findings were observed,and the age distribution of children was analyzed.Results Among 53 cases,"cross sign"was observed in 22 cases(22/53,41.51%),and"hernia ring beak sign"was detected in 26 cases(26/53,49.06%)by preoperative ultrasound,according to which 21 cases were diagnosed as internal abdominal hernia,with the accuracy of 39.62%(21/53).Meanwhile,manifestations of intestinal obstruction were noticed in 48 cases(48/53,90.57%),and intestinal necrosis was considered in 22 cases(22/53,41.51%).Four cases were misdiagnosed as intestinal perforation,appendicitis,intestinal atresia and volvulus,each in 1 case.The onset age of postoperative adhesive band internal hernia was larger than that of mesenteric hiatal hernia(P<0.05),while no significant difference of onset age was found among other types of internal abdominal hernias(all P>0.05).Intestinal ischemic necrosis was found in 25 cases,while the incidence of intestinal necrosis in children aged≤1 year,>1 and≤3 years,>3 and≤7 years and those>7 years was 66.67%(12/18),33.33%(4/12),36.36%(4/11)and 41.67%(5/12),respectively.Conclusion The characteristic ultrasonic findings of internal abdominal hernia in children included"cross sign"and"hernia ring beak sign".Internal abdominal hernia in children under 1 year had high risk of intestinal necrosis.

E-Cervix imaging displaying cervical elasticity characteristics of healthy adult nulliparous women at different age groups and different menstrual cycle stages

Objective To observe the cervical elasticity of healthy adult nulliparous women at different age groups and different stages of menstrual cycle with E-Cervix imaging technology.Methods A total of 218 healthy adult nulliparous women who underwent transvaginal ultrasound examination for routine physical examination were retrospectively enrolled,including 103 in follicular phase,78 in ovulation phase and 37 in luteal phase.Cervical canal length(CL)and E-Cervix elasticity parameters were compared among different age groups and different stages of menstrual cycle,including elasticity contrast index(ECI),hardness ratio(HR),cervical internal and external orifice strain values(IOS and EOS)and IOS/EOS ratio.Results No significant difference of CL nor cervical elasticity parameters was detected among healthy adult nulliparous women at different age groups(all P>0.05).There were significant differences of ECI,HR and IOS among different menstrual cycle stages(all P<0.05),among which women in follicular phase had higher ECI and IOS but lower HR than those in luteal phase(all P<0.05).Conclusion No significant difference of cervical elasticity existed among healthy adult nulliparous women at different age groups.Meanwhile,cervical elasticity of healthy adult nulliparous women changed during menstrual cycle,in follicular phase had higher ECI and IOS but lower HR than in luteal phase.

Application progresses of ultrasound for snakebites and relative complications

Snakebite has become a serious public health problem with high mortality and disability rates.Ultrasound can provide imaging basis for diagnosis and treatment of snakebites and relative complications.The application progresses of ultrasound in snakebites and complications were reviewed in this article.

Polar residual network model for assisting evaluation on rat myocardial infarction segment in myocardial contrast echocardiography

Objective To investigate the value of polar residual network(PResNet)model for assisting evaluation on rat myocardial infarction(MI)segment in myocardial contrast echocardiography(MCE).Methods Twenty-five male SD rats were randomly divided into MI group(n=15)and sham operation group(n=10).MI models were established in MI group through ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery using atraumatic suture,while no intervention was given to those in sham operation group after thoracotomy.MCE images of both basal and papillary muscle levels on the short axis section of left ventricles were acquired after 1 week,which were assessed independently by 2 junior and 2 senior ultrasound physicians.The evaluating efficacy of MI segment,the mean interpretation time and the consistency were compared whether under the assistance of PResNet model or not.Results No significant difference of efficacy of evaluation on MI segment was found for senior physicians with or without assistance of PResNet model(both P>0.05).Under the assistance of PResNet model,the efficacy of junior physicians for diagnosing MI segment was significantly improved compared with that without the assistance of PResNet model(both P<0.01),and was comparable to that of senior physicians.Under the assistance of PResNet model,the mean interpretation time of each physician was significantly shorter than that without assistance(all P<0.001),and the consistency between junior physicians and among junior and senior physicians were both moderate(Kappa=0.692,0.542),which became better under the assistance(Kappa=0.763,0.749).Conclusion PResNet could improve the efficacy of junior physicians for evaluation on rat MI segment in MCE images,shorten interpretation time with different aptitudes,also improve the consistency to some extent.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for predicting differentiation degree of hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective To explore the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)for predicting differentiation degree of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods Totally 86 HCC patients confirmed by postoperative pathology were retrospectively enrolled and divided into poorly differentiated,moderately differentiated and highly differentiated groups according to postoperative Edmondson-Steiner grading.Preoperative CEUS parameters were compared among groups,and binary logistic regression was used to analyze CEUS-related independent predictors of HCC with different differentiation.The receiver operating characteristic curves of parameters being significant different among groups were drawn,the areas under the curve(AUC)were calculated,and the efficacy for predicting HCC with different differentiation degree was evaluated.Results There were 29 cases in poorly differentiated group,37 in moderately differentiated group and 20 cases in highly differentiated group.The arrival time of contrast agent in poorly differentiated group was earlier than that in moderately and high differentiated groups(both P<0.05),while in moderately differentiated group was not significantly different with that in highly differentiated group(P>0.05).The washout grade were significantly different between each 2 groups(all P<0.05).The arrival time of contrast agent and washout grade were independent predictors of highly or poorly differentiated,moderately or poorly differentiated,moderate-highly or poorly differentiated HCC,and washout grade also was independent predictor of highly or moderately differentiated HCC(all P<0.05).The AUC of the arrival time of contrast agent for predicting highly or moderately differentiated,highly or poorly differentiated,moderately or poorly differentiated,moderate-highly or poorly differentiated HCC was 0.615,0.787,0.690 and 0.724,respectively,while of washout grade was 0.801,0.927,0.795 and 0.841,respectively.Conclusion CEUS could be used to effectively predict differentiation degree of HCC.

Cranial ultrasound in perioperative period of acute severe traumatic brain injury

Objective To observe the value of cranial ultrasound for perioperative patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury(sTBI).Methods Data of 55 sTBI patients who underwent craniotomy were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into observation group(n=15)and control group(n=40)according to received perioperative cranial ultrasound or not.The general data and surgical data were compared between groups,and ultrasonic data of observation group were analyzed.Results The proportions of good prognosis 1 and 6 months after operation in observation group were both higher than those in control group,while the incidence of cerebral infarction in observation group was lower than that in control group(all P<0.05).No significant difference of general data nor other surgical data was found between groups(all P>0.05).Acute encephalocele occurred in 1 case in observation group during operation,and cranial ultrasound accurately showed the contralateral secondary epidural hematoma.Increased intracranial pressure in different degrees were found in all 15 cases(15/15,100%)in observation group after operation with transcranial color coded Doppler(TCCD)or transcranial Doppler(TCD),while cerebral vascular spasm was observed in 5 cases(5/15,33.33%),among them 4 cases(4/5,80.00%)were diagnosed cerebral infarction based on CT examination.Conclusion Cranial ultrasound could be used to evaluate changes of sTBI in perioperative period and guide adjusting treatment strategy in time,being valuable for reducing risk of postoperative cerebral infarction and improving prognosis.

Right heart modified myocardial performance index and ductus venosus spectrum parameters in pre-eclampsia fetuses for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes

Objective To observe the values of changes of right heart modified myocardial performance index(Mod-MPI)and ductus venosus(DV)spectrum parameters in pre-eclampsia fetuses for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.Methods Eighty-one pregnant women diagnosed as pre-eclampsia were prospectively enrolled and divided into severe pre-eclampsia(SPE)group(n=39)and mild pre-eclampsia(MPE)group(n=42),while 85 healthy pregnant women were taken as controls(control group).Fetal right heart function parameters,including right ventricular isovolumetric relaxation time(IRT),isovolumetric contraction time(ICT),ejection time(ET),total spent time(TST),Mod-MPI,tricuspid valve peak flow velocity ratio in early and late diastole(TV-E/A),as well as blood flow velocities in each waveform of DV spectrum(S,V,D,and A wave)were obtained,and the pulsatility index(PI)and the ratio of blood flow velocities in each waveform of the DV(S/V,S/D,S/A,V/D,V/A,D/A)were calculated.Intrauterine fetal distress,preterm delivery,neonatal asphyxia and newborn with low weight were considered as adverse pregnancy outcomes.The correlations of right heart Mod-MPI and TV-E/A with DV parameters in pre-eclampsia fetuses were assessed,and their predictive efficacies for adverse pregnancy outcomes were evaluated for right heart Mod-MPI and DV using the receiver operating characteristics(ROC)and the area under the curves(AUC).Results Compared with control group and MPE group,fetal right heart IRT,ICT and Mod-MPI increased and ET decreased in SPE group(all P<0.05).No significant differences of right heart TST and TV-E/A among 3 groups(both P>0.05).Fetal DV A-wave velocity and V/D values progressively decreased but PI progressively increased in control,MPE and SPE groups(all P<0.05).Fetal right heart Mod-MPI in pre-eclampsia was moderately positively correlated with DV PI(r=0.637,P=0.016),while TV-E/A was weakly negatively correlated with DV V/D(r=-0.355,P=0.043).Adverse pregnancy outcomes were noticed in 59 pre-eclampsia cases.The AUC of fetal right heart Mod-MPI and DV PI for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in pre-eclampsia cases was 0.897 and 0.848,respectively,without significant difference(Z=0.460,P=0.400).Conclusion Changes of right heart Mod-MPI and DV spectrum parameters in pre-eclampsia fetuses had high value for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Prenatal ultrasonic characteristics and diagnosis of fetal Currarino syndrome:Report of 2 cases and review of literature

Objective To explore prenatal ultrasonic characteristics of fetal Currarino syndrome(CS)and methods for prenatal diagnosis of CS.Methods Two fetuses with CS confirmed by genetic examination were retrospectively analyzed,while 6 CS fetuses with complete prenatal ultrasonic data in literature were reviewed.Prenatal ultrasonic characteristics of CS fetuses and the method for prenatal diagnosis of CS were discussed.Results Among 8 CS fetuses diagnosed with prenatal ultrasound,4 were female singletons with a clear family history of CS,and MNX 1 gene mutation was found in 1 fetus.The other 4 fetuses were 2 pairs of male monochorionic twins,all with MNX 1 gene mutation.Among 8 CS fetuses,complete triad(sacral agenesis abnormalities,anorectal malformation and presacral mass)were displayed only in 2 fetuses,while all 8 had sacral agenesis abnormalities and 6(6/8,75.00%)were detected with prenatal ultrasound,6 had low location of conus medullaris and 2(2/6,33.33%)detected with prenatal ultrasound.Conclusion Prenatal ultrasound was the first choice for non-invasive diagnosis of fetal CS.When one of sacral agenesis abnormalities,anorectal malformation and presacral mass was found with prenatal ultrasound,the possibility of CS should be considered,and fetal MRI,genetic examination and prenatal genetic counselling should be recommended if necessary.

Real-time shear wave elastography combined with biochemical indicators for evaluating liver injury in patients with chronic kidney disease

Objective To observe the value of real-time shear wave elastography(SWE)combined with biochemical indicators for evaluating liver injury in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).Methods Totally 210 patients with CKD(CKD group)and 64 healthy subjects(control group)were retrospectively enrolled.Patients in CKD group were further divided into CKD1—5 subgroups according to CKD stages.SWE parameters of liver and kidney,including mean value,the maximum value and the median value of Young's modulus(EQI mean,EQI max and EQI med)were compared between CKD subgroups and control group.Spearman correlation analysis were performed to explore the correlations of liver and kidney SWE parameters with CKD stage,as well as of liver SWE parameters with biochemical indicators.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen independent predictors of liver injury in CKD patients.Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn,the area under the curves(AUC)were calculated to evaluate the efficacy of the independent predictors alone and their combination for assessing liver injury in CKD patients.Results Significant differences of liver and kidney SWE parameters were found among CKD subgroups and control group(all P≤0.001).Pairwise comparison showed that liver SWE parameters in CKD5 subgroup and liver EQI max in CKD4 subgroup were all higher than those in control group(all P<0.003).Kidney SWE parameters in CKD3 subgroup were all higher than those in control group,while in CKD4 subgroup were all higher than those in control group and CKD1—3 subgroup(all P<0.003).Kidney EQI mean and EQI med in CKD5 subgroup were all higher than those in control group and CKD1—4 subgroup,while kidney EQI max in CKD5 subgroup were higher than those in control group and CKD1—3 subgroup(all P<0.003).Liver and kidney SWE parameters were lowly-moderately and positively correlated with CKD stages(r=0.364—0.665,all P<0.001).Liver SWE parameters of CKD were weakly and positively correlated with alkaline phosphatase(ALP)(r=0.229—0.248,all P<0.01).Theγ-glutamyl transferase,ALP and liver EQI max were all independent predictors of liver injury in CKD patients(all P<0.01),with AUC for evaluating liver injury in CKD patients alone of 0.645,0.756 and 0.741,respectively,lower than that of their combination(0.851,all P<0.01).Conclusion Real-time SWE combined with liver function indicators could reflect degree of liver injury in patients with different CKD stages.

最特别的“检查”

那年他13岁，上初中二年级，是一个顽皮的孩子，在学校里整天大错不犯，小错不断，检查他都不知写过多少次了，被老师批评更是家常便饭。

“检查作业”之我见

前两天，一位孩子的家长给我发了一条信息，说他和孩子的爸爸决定为了改进孩子粗心的小毛病，不让她有依赖心理，先让孩子自己检查作业，待老师批改完后再给她讲，问我有没有关于“检查作业”方面的好办法。我想了又想，还是决定写一篇文章来阐明自己的态度。

PDCA循环与教师素质的提高

面对21世纪的国际形势,国家实施科教兴国的战略决策,给我们的教师队伍提出了更高的目标和要求,教师素质必须提高.但在提高教师素质这一问题上,存在许多问题,教师提高自身素质的效果较差.本文从PDCA循环的特征入手,阐述了运用PDCA循环在提高教师素质中的作用.

深圳大学学府医院交通规划分析与评价

本文通过对深圳大学学府医院基地本身和外围交通状况的研究,从宏观和微观两个层面进行剖析,从交通规划方案研究的必要性、特点及总体要求、交通规划目标及原则、交通系统优化、规划构想以及交通规划终极目标——人性化关怀等方面进行阐述大型三甲医院设计中交通问题的方方面面,从而提出目前大型医院停车难,交通拥堵的方法及对策。

世界建筑遗产的保护

时间：2012/7/10星期五晚19：00地点：湖南大学建筑学院一楼大报告厅主讲人：黄运昇Y.S.Huang美国弗吉尼亚大学终身教授主持人：陈飞虎教授,湖南大学建筑学院副院长/博导在2012年春季学期即将结束时,来自美国弗吉尼亚大学的黄运昇教授访问了湖南大学建筑学院,并为师生带来了一场有关＂世界建筑遗产保护＂的学术讲座。从巴黎圣母院到中国的长城,从法国的雨果（Hugo）到西班牙的梅里美（ProsperMerimee）,黄教授深入浅出的讲述了世界建筑遗产保护的起源、发展和现状。西方建筑遗产保护的思想起源于雨果等一些著名的作家的思考,如雨果认为不管未来的建筑是怎样的,新建的建筑不能割裂历史。梅里美不仅仅是一位文学家。

3种添加配方奶的喂养方式对促进母乳喂养的影响

目的:探讨3种添加配方奶的喂养方式对促进母乳喂养的影响。方法:将出生3天内的300例剖宫产术后有添加配方奶指征的新生儿随机分为3组,观察(100例)新生儿用母乳喂养促进器喂养,对照组1(100例)新生儿用奶瓶喂养,对照组2(100例)新生儿用小勺喂养;比较新生儿产生乳头错觉的情况、产妇母乳充盈的时间、发生产妇奶胀的情况。结果:观察组新生儿产生乳头错觉3例、产妇母乳充盈的时间术后42小时、产妇奶胀4例;对照组1新生儿产生乳头错觉32例、产妇母乳充盈的时间术后66小时,产妇奶胀38例;对照组2新生儿产生乳头错觉84例、产妇母乳充盈的时间术后72小时,产妇奶胀78例。结论:用母乳喂养促进器喂养明显优于用奶瓶喂养及小勺喂养,新生儿产生乳头错觉极低,母乳充盈的时间较短,产奶较快,产妇奶胀的发生率低(P<0.01),可增强产妇母乳喂养的信心,有效地促进母乳喂养的成功。

旅顺口的旧官邸与新住宅,新旧建筑的并存与发展——谈旅顺开世嘉年小区规划设计

结合开世嘉年小区的规划设计,探讨了在历史地段的再生途径之一,即植入新居住职能,同时探讨了在规划设计中对于历史建筑保护的一种处理方式和态度,以及对于历史遗留原生态树木的保护及合理利用方式。同时结合度假类住宅的产品定位,建筑设计在对西班牙建筑风格的创作上进行了创新。