木霉菌在园艺植物上的应用研究进展

木霉是一种重要的生防因子,已成功地用于多种植物真菌病害的生物防治。从木霉菌的抑菌作用机理、诱导抗病性、促进植物生长、转基因工程等方面的研究进展进行综述,并对今后的研究进行展望。

Effort on planting and product development of Azadirachta indica in Southwest China

Twenty-four provenances of two species （Azadirachta siamensis and Azadirachta indica） have been introduced to China from South Asia, Southeast Asia and Africa Since 1995. This paper summarizes the researches on the introduction and planting of Azadirachta indica and analyzes the morphological, phenological characteristics, the growth rhythm, pollinating and seed yielding features of the intro- duced 24 provenances of the two species as well as the variations of filial generation plants. The experiments showed that most of the prove- nances of,4. indica have normal growth and can blossom and fruit in the dry-hot valleys with tropical climate conditions in Yunnan Province, China. The normal regions for A. indica were classified and the selection criteria for superior plants were put forward in this paper, more- over, the major contents of industry planning and technical approaches for A. indica plantation establishment were discussed and the countermeasures to reduce the neem-based pesticide products were also proposed.

Fifty Years of Botanical Gardens in China

The development, distribution and features of one hundred and forty botanical gardens (BGs) in China are reported and their functions on research, conservation, display and utilization of biodiversity are summarized in this paper. The contributions to the social and economic development in the early stage of Chinese BGs with the researches of economic plant (tobacco), medicinal plant (yam) and wild fruit tree resources are evaluated. The theoretical and applied achievements in recent years in seed science, plant conservation, economic plant introduction, acclimatization and breeding are also described. A general scope of living plant collections in Chinese BGs is presented and the outstanding ones, including Magnoliaceae, Zingiberaceae, Cycadaceae, medicinal plants, Actinidia and Rhododendron are particularly mentioned. With special reference to Chinese penjing art garden and silicified wood garden, the development of scientific popularization and tourism in BGs is reviewed.

Quantity of plant leaf area on three major public squares in Kunming City, China

Regressive formulae to calculate the quantity of plant leaf area for 13 species of ornamental plants were set up based on investigation data of 30 species on 3 major public squares (Dongfeng square, Shengli square and Guandu square) in Kun-ming City, China, which were applied to calculate quantities of plant leaf area of these 13 species. The quantities of plant leaf area for the other 17 ornamental plant species on these squares were directly measured, and the total quantity of plant leaf area of each studied square was obtained individually. The results showed that the quantity of plant leaf area on Shengli square with ornamental plants structure composed of arbor tree species, shrub tree species and turf grass was highest among the three squares. It is believed that the design model of multi-storied vertical structure and proper tending of plant community could not only increase the quantity of plant leaf area, but also play an important role in generating ecological and landscaping benefits. Some corresponding suggestions were put forward on the basis of comprehensive analyses on the plant leaf area quantity of the three representative squares in Kunming urban area.

Thinking on the Artistic Conception Creation of Plant Landscaping Design in Chinese Style Garden

In modern Chinese style garden, the designer could express the emotions in garden creation to produce artistic conception with landscape plants, which could make the sightseers desire to integrate with the nature and led to sympathizing with the concept, thereby motivating and arousing people＇s emotion to return to and close to nature. Through the 6 specific characteristics of ＂shape, color, aroma, shadow, sound and art＂ of landscape plants, some ways to build artistic conception in Chinese style garden were introduced in this study to provide references for the creation of artistic conception creation through senses in the future landscaping design.

Causes of Leaf Color and Its Application in Garden Landscaping

Formation of leaf color and classification of foliage trees were briefly described. The species of different leaf colors were enumerated by genus and family, suggestions for garden plant furnishing were put forward according to the psychological and visual characteristics of people while they are presented with different colors of trees.

Study on the Plant Furnishing for Garden Landscaping

With the social development and the improvement of living standards, higher demands have been proposed on dwelling environment, plant furnishing in garden landscaping can not only beautify the environment, satisfy the aesthetic requirements of people, but also generate considerable ecological and social benefits. Based on studying the present situation of garden plant furnishing, problems in garden landscaping were found out, principles for scientific and reasonable plant furnishing were proposed as well as favorable methods and artistic theories, it was also put forward that the ecological, scientific and human-oriented plant furnishing was the orientation of garden landscaping.

Application of Wild Plant Resources of Qin-ba Mountainous Area for Vertical vrescence in Landscape Architecture

Based on introducing wild plant resources of vertical greening in Qin-ba Mountainous area, the application of vertical greening plants of Qin-ba Mountainous area in garden greening were analyzed, the measures of utilization and development were suggested.

Study on Plant Landscape Design of Urban Comprehensive Park

The urban comprehensive park is the main body of the urban environment construction, and the plant landscape is the most important landscape element of the comprehensive park. It is helpful for the landscape design of the comprehensive park to improve the environmental quality and the sustainable development of the city. Taking the ＂Nanjiang Park＂ in Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou as the research object, the landscape design of plants was explored and analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in the application forms of plant land- scapes in different functional zones in comprehensive parks. The specific forms of the garden elements had different needs of plant landscape construction. According to the results of case studies, it found that comprehensive parks could improve the functions, create the aesthetic sense, enhance the atmosphere and enhance the taste through plant landscape design. In addition, corresponding suggestions were put forward according to the current situation with the aim to provide references for the future plant landscape design related with garden greens.

Investigation on Plant Species and Health Assessment in Roof Garden in East Area of Zhengzhou City

Using the plant of roof garden as an object, the effect of application of plant species, growth status, and health evaluation on the construction of roof garden in east area of Zhengzhou were investigated through the investigation and analysis in order to put forward the main problems of each plant species and select the suitable plant species and configuration. The results indicated that there was no significant difference between the roof garden greening plants and ground greening plant species, however, there was a big problem in terms of plant disease and root aeration. And so the root shallow, barren resistance, wind resistance, drought-tolerant plants were appropriately chosen in the construction of roof garden, in which low small trees, shrubs, ground cover, and climbing plants was given priority to.

Effects of Pigment Indicators on the Color Expression of Leaves of the Colored-leaf Garden Plants

[Objective] In this study, the relationship between the pigments and the color expression of leaves of colored-leaf plants was discussed. [Method] The colors of leaf blades of 6 kinds of plants were analyzed with the Royal Horticultural Soci-ety Colour Chart. The chlorophyl content, carotenoids content and anthocyanin con-tent in leaf blades were determined. In addition, the color types of leaf blades, kinds of pigments, pigment contents and pigment distributions of 6 kinds of plants were compared. [Result] The chlorophyl contents ranked as Populus canadensis Moench （green leaves） 〉 Populus deltoids cv. Zhonghuahongye （purple green leaves） 〉 Populus euramericana cv. Quanhong （red leaves）; Acer palmatum Thunb. （green leaves） 〉 Acer palmatum cv. Atropurpureum （purple red leaves） 〉 Acer pal-matum Thunb. cv. Atropurpureum （red leaves）. The ranking of anthocyanin contents was just opposite. The chlorophyl content was negatively related to the anthocyanin content. The leaf color of plants is determined by various pigments. The more the chlorophyl is, the greener the leaf is. The more the anthocyanin is, the redder the leaf is. In the colored-leaf plants, the chlorophyl content represents about 80% of the content of pigments, the carotenoids content represents about 17%, and the an-thocyanin represents about 3%. There is a difference in the chlorophyl content be-tween colored-leaf plants and green plants. However, the relatively low chlorophyl content wil not hamper the normal life activities of colored-leaf plants. [Conclusion] We hoped to provide reference and basis for the production and landscaping of col-ored-leaf plants.

Application and Analysis of Native Plant in Landscaping

With PVESM point of view, this study analyzed comprehensive functions of native plants, which including natural function, visual function, ecological function, social function and spiritual function, the advantages of native plants in landscaping and the effects of it on human living environment were expounded. Based on analyzing the present situations of native plants in landscaping, the relative improvement measures were put forward.

以“种植园”为依托的小学生活小作文的研究

小学三年级是写作教学的起步阶段。怎样写作这一问题，是学生学习写作，也是教师教学作文中最大的难题。我针对学生作文中出现的普遍问题进行分析和探究，决定利用学校“植物园”的素材平台，制定仿写、说练和活动三方面的策略并进行实践，目的是不断提高学生写作的主动性和创造性，让学生“写自己想说的话”，“乐于书面表达，增强习作自信。”

Cultivated Characters of Nandina domestica

[Objective] This study was to systematically investigate the cultivated characters of Nandina domestica and to lay a foundatiQn for breeding, cultivating, as well as its application in landscape. [ Method] Using N. domestica populations from 13 different areas of Hunan Province as tested samples, the cultivated characters of N. domestica in both the cultivated type and wild type were systematically studied through field experiment and comparative analysis. [Resul ] The phenological features of N. domestica from different areas and germplasm resources were basically identical; the growth patterns of cultivated type and wild type were also basically identical, but the cultivated type grew faster than the wild type; both the two types grew quickly at young stage, and either the annual growth of new shoots or the growth pattern of leaves confirmed the fitting curve of the Logistic equation. [ Conclusion ] This research provided basis for the exploitation and utilization the germplasm resources of IV. domestica.

A comparative assessment on regeneration status of indigenous woody plants in Eucalyptus grandis plantation and adjacent natural forest

Diversity, density and species composition of naturally regenerated woody plants under Eucalyptus grandis plantation and the adjacent natural forest were investigated and compared. Twenty plots, with an area of 20 m × 20 m for each, were established in both of E. grand＆ plantation and adjacent natural forest, independently. In each plot, species name, abundance, diameter and height were recorded. Numbers of seedling were collected in five sub-plots （4 m2） within each major plot. A total of 46 species in the plantation, and 52 species in the natural forest, which belongs to 36 families were recorded. The diversity of species （H＇） is 2.19 in the plantation and 2.74 in the natural forest. The density of understory woody plant was 3842 stems/ha in the plantation and 4122 stems/ha in the natural forest. The densities of seedlings in the natural forest and the plantation were 8101 stems/ha and 4151 stems/ha, respectively. High similarity of woody species composition was found between the natural forest and the plantation. The E. grand＆ plantation was found favoring the regeneration and growth of Millitiaferruginia and Coffea arabica in a much better way than other underneath woody species.

Investigation and Assessment of Ecological Effect of Garden Plants in Linzhi, Tibet

In this study, we investigated main garden plants and assessed the eco- logical effect of garden plants in Bayi town, Linzhi district, Tibet. There are 33 land- scape plants, including 13 trees and 20 shrubs. There are 26 newly-introduced landscape plants, including 10 trees and 16 shrubs. The main landscape plants in Bayi Town could absorb 245.6 t of CO2 and release 178.66 t of 02 per year, illus- trating significant ecological effect. According to the theory that 25 m2 of lawn or 10 m2 of tree could completely absorb the CO2 breathed out by one person daily, the current green space in Bayi town could satisfy the requirement of 43 400 people. We also found that the maximum amount of retained dust by the garden plants is 12.8 t per year, which is considerable and consistent with the results from other studies.

The Localization of UK Experience in Environmental Education in Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen, China

In China, the environmental education （EE） is a brief new but popular topic in recent several years as a method to cope with the gap between nature and children. EE was started in UK with a long-term development and the useful experience can be utilized for the Chinese EE development. As a case study, the experiences of UK organizations were summarized and applied in the EE system in Fairy Lake Botanical Garden in Shenzhen （SZBG）, China. The localization of UK’s experience in the EE development in SZBG in terms of EE program, course content and resource was summarized in this paper. There are also discussions for the future update of EE in SZBG and for other local organizations like botanical gardens, wetland parks, nature reserve etc.

Analysis of Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Park Planning Based on Plant Experience——A Case Study of Jiuxi Agricultural Science and Technology Park in Yunnan Province

It is an inevitable trend to replace the traditional agriculture with modern agricultural science and technology park, but the excessively unified development mode, similar functions and feature loss of modern science and technology park have become the obstacles to its development. As a kind of structure view element with the highest life attributes, plants can make the modern agricultural science and technology park have more vitality. Therefore, combined with the case study of Jiuxi Agricultural Science and Technology Park, the modern agricultural science and technology park planning was analyzed based on the perspective of plant experience, with the aim to provide bases for the planning of featured modern leisure science and technology park.

Regeneration and Tree Species Diversity of Sitakund Botanical Garden and Eco-Park,Chittagong,Bangladesh

Anthropogenic disturbances influence plant regeneration and species diversity, which impact the conservation status of protected areas. A study was conducted in the Sitakund Botanical Garden and Eco-park （SBGE）, Chittagong, Bangladesh to analyze the natural regeneration and tree species diversity in disturbed and less disturbed zones. Stratified and systematic random sampling was used to select 50 sample plots from each of the two zones. A total number of 109 plant species from 43 families were recorded in the study; of which 93 species were of natural origin while the rest were planted. From the species with natural origin 66 were tree species, 9 were shrub species and 28 were climbers. Species richness, density of regeneration and disturbance index in the height classes （0- 0.5 m） and {dbh 〉 6 cm） indicated significant differences between the zones. The study analyzed how disturbances affect species diversity in the area. It was found that species richness and basal area are negatively related with disturbances. Moreover, density （N/ha） of trees was more likely to decrease with increasing tree height that reflects the huge demand of local people to harvest large trees as part of their income generating activities. The study findings have implications for future managementdecisions of the SGBE. To restore these ecosystems, management should focus on both biodiversity eonservation and providing benefits to local people without hampering forest ecosystems.

Survey on the Diversity of Afforestation Plants in Xi'an City

Through investigating plants applied in the main streets and public greenbelts,the first-hand information about afforestation plants in Xi'an City was obtained for the first time.The results showed that,there are 136 species of plants in total belong to 102 genera,and 53 families,among which 122 species are woody plants belong to 89 genera and 44 families,i.e.89.71% of the total afforestation plants;14 species are herbaceous plants belong to 13 genera and 9 families,i.e.10.29% of the total;and there are 3 species of liana that belong to 3 genera and 2 families in woody plants with a ratio of 2.21%.The analysis showed that the landscape monotonicity was caused by the simplification of plant disposition pattern,as well as uneven quantity and frequency of applied afforestation plants.From the perspective of plant diversity,the proportion of herbaceous plants was too small;native plants were used widely which basically demonstrated the characteristics of local landscape,and most of exotic plants had obvious pantropic features which grew well in Xi'an City.This paper also analyzed problems in the present greening situation and put forward several suggestions for future tasks.