反恐怖主义极端化的“欧洲模式”及其政策困境

面对日益严峻的本土恐怖主义威胁,欧洲主要国家在2010年开始采取反恐怖主义极端化措施。各国政策在目标对象设定和实施方式上具有较高的相似性,呈现出一种较为明显的反极端化"欧洲模式"。但这一模式并未有效遏制极端思想的蔓延,一方面是因为相关政策不再强调对恐怖分子个体成因的追问,导致个体层面的预防与干预失去了明确的目标和评判标准;另一方面是因为试图加强与穆斯林地方社群的合作的方式虽然弥补了个体预防的不足,但同时也强化了主流社会对于穆斯林"嫌疑群体"的认知,对反恐怖主义极端化工作的成效带来负面影响。"欧洲模式"遭遇的这两方面困境是我们判断欧洲未来恐怖主义发展趋势、参考借鉴解决相关问题的经验时必须要考虑的因素。

超越欧洲模式 贯彻落实科学发展观

科学发展观是我们党深刻总结国内外在发展问题上的经验教训提出的,是关于自然、社会和人的全面协调发展的发展观。在贯彻和落实科学发展观问题上,我们要坚持自然科学与社会科学发展并重的原则,超越"欧洲模式"发展观,推进我国的现代化进程。

Impact of European Black Carbon on East Asian Summer Climate

The remote response of the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） to European black carbon （EUBC） aerosols was studied by using an ensemble of sensitivity experiments with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory （GFDL） atmospheric general circulation model （AGCM） Atmospheric Model version 2.1 （AM2.1）.The results show that EUBC causes an enhanced EASM.The resulted enhanced southwesterly brings more moisture supply from the Bay of Bengal,which causes an increase in precipitation over the Yangtze River valley,northeastem China,the eastern part of the Yellow River valley,and the Tibetan Plateau.Diagnostic examination suggests that EUBC induces enhanced tropospheric heating over most of the Eurasian Continent through a propagating wave train and horizontal air temperature advection.This phenomenon results in intensified thermal contrast between land and ocean,which accounts for the enhanced EASM.Moreover,reductions in EUBC emission in 1992 may have contributed to decadal weakening of the EASM in the early 1990s.

The type specimens of European butterflies from the Linnaeus collection(Lepidoptera:Rhopalocera)

The status of primary types of European butterflies established by C.Linnaeus is revised.Lectotype status is confirmed for 38 taxa.Lectotypes of the following taxa are designated in this paper:Papilio apollo Linnaeus,1758;P.daplidice Linnaeus,1758 and P.palaeno Linnaeus,1761.For the following 18 species-group taxa,the status of primary types changed from lectotypes to holotypes(by monotypy)due to their presence in the Linnean collection by single specimens:Papilio aglaja Linnaeus,1758;P.atalanta Linnaeus,1758;P.boeticus Linnaeus,1767;P.cardui Linnaeus,1758;P.cinxia Linnaeus,1758;P.deianira Linnaeus,1764;P.euphrosyne Linnaeus,1758;P.hero Linnaeus,1761;P.janira Linnaeus,1758;P.jurtina Linnaeus,1758;P.lathonia Linnaeus,1758;P.levana Linnaeus,1758;P.megera Linnaeus,1767;P.paphia Linnaeus,1758;P.polychloros Linnaeus,1758;P.rhamni Linnaeus,1758;P.rubi Linnaeus,1758 and P.sinapis Linnaeus,1758.Butterflies that do not have a pronounced sexual dimorphism and bright and contrasting coloration in the Linnean collection are represented in most cases by a single type specimen.The largest,brightest and most beautiful butterflies in the Linnean collection have a type series of the maximum size(4 specimens).There are no series of 5 or more specimens for European butterflies in Linnaeus’collection.

ECHAM5-Simulated Impacts of Two Types of El Nio on the Winter Precipitation Anomalies in South China

The authors used an atmospheric general circulation model （AGCM） of European Centre Hamburg Model （ECHAM5.4） and investigated the possible impacts of eastern Pacific （EP） and central Pacific （CP） El Ni（n）o on the winter precipitation anomalies in South China.A composite analysis suggested much more rainfall during the mature phase of EP El Ni（n）o than in the case of CP El Ni（n）o,and their corresponding observed wet centers to be located in the southeast coast and the region to the south of the Yangtze River,respectively.Results obtained on the basis of model-sensitive run imply that the modelsimulated rainfall anomalies agree well with the observation,and the magnitude of simulated rainfall anomalies were found to be reduced when the amplitude of sea surface temperature anomaly （SSTA） forcing of EP and CP El Ni（n）o was cut down.These results imply that the rainfall anomaly in South China is very sensitive not only to the type of El Ni（n）o but also to its intensity.

China＇s Direct Investment in Advanced Economies： the Cases of Europe and the United States

Chinese outward foreign direct has increased substantially in recent years, investment （OFDI） in developed economies driven by structural adjustments in China ＇s economy. This article describes the inflection point of Chinese investment in the European Union and the United States since 2008. A new data set is used to highlight similarities and differences of Chinese investment patterns in the world＇s two biggest economies. The second part examines the policy response on both sides of the Atlantic to promote investment from China and at the same time address political and economic risks related to these new flows.

New Process of Cold Fusion

The author＇s Process of Cold Fusion firstly was announced at the International Conference on Emerging Nuclear Energy Systems in 2007, after that it was presented at the International Conference on Emerging Nuclear Energy Systems in 2009. The product has already been applied since June, 2007. It was developed as a large Module of 300 cm x 40 cm, producing energy at 600 megawatts per hour, with unique waste of about 300 cubic meters of pure drinkable instant water a day. There is also a Portable Module, producing about 1 megawatt per hour, having in waste about 1 cubic meter of pure drinkable instant water a day. The important details： （1） we have the ability to stop the Module at any time; （2） the civil applications of this process is mentioned at the articles, published on the website of the European Scientific Parliament in the year of 2010; （3） the diverse modules became the object of special protocols, signed with a number of countries all over the world.