The distinct precursory signals of countrywide extensive and persistent extreme cold events (CECs) were investigated and contrasted with those of countrywide cold wave events (CCWs). It is shown that most CECs were ac...The distinct precursory signals of countrywide extensive and persistent extreme cold events (CECs) were investigated and contrasted with those of countrywide cold wave events (CCWs). It is shown that most CECs were accompanied by a CCW in the initial stages. From the comparison between the CECs and the CCWs that were independent of any CEC, it is found that a south- west-northeast-oriented tilted ridge at 500 hPa was present around the Europe-Barents Sea regions approximately 10 days prior to the start of the CEC. Consistent with this feature, a high sea level pressure and strong cold air accumulation occurred over a broad extent of northern Eurasia one week prior to the start of the CEC. The tilted ridge and the strong cold air accumulation were the precursory signals that were absent for the CCW, and they provide important clues for the early prediction of whether a CCW event might evolve into a CEC.展开更多
AIM: To characterize the efficacy of rifaximin in the management of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as several randomized controlled studies have shown contradictory results on its effectiveness in comparison to other ora...AIM: To characterize the efficacy of rifaximin in the management of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as several randomized controlled studies have shown contradictory results on its effectiveness in comparison to other oral agents. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and random effects meta-analysis of all eligible trials identifi ed through electronic and manual searches. Twelve randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria with a total of 565 patients. RESULTS: The clinical effectiveness of rifaximin was equivalent to disaccharides or other oral antibiotics[odds ratio (OR) 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94-4.08] but with a better safety profi le (OR 0.27; 95% CI: 0.12-0.59). At the completion of treatment protocols, patients receiving rifaximin showed lower serum ammonia levels [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -10.65; 95% CI: -23.4-2.1; P = 0.10], better mental status (WMD = -0.24; 95% CI: -0.57-0.08; P = 0.15) and less asterixis (WMD -0.1; 95% CI -0.26-0.07; P = 0.25) without reaching statistical signifi cance. On the other hand, other psychometric outcomes such as electroencephalographic response and grades of portosystemic encephalopathy were superior in patients treated with rifaximin in comparison to the control group (WMD = 0.21, 95% CI: -0.33-0.09, P = 0.0004; and WMD = -2.33, 95% CI: -2.68-1.98, P = 0.00001, respectively). Subgroup and sensitivity analysis did not show any signifi cant difference in the above fi ndings. CONCLUSION: Rifaximin appears to be at least as effective as other conventional oral agents for the treatment of HE with a better safety profi le.展开更多
With the spectrum extended in modem Electronic War, Laser Countermeasure Weapon will be requested in order to snatch up and keep the Electromagnetism-Power in war field. If Command, Control, Communications and Intelli...With the spectrum extended in modem Electronic War, Laser Countermeasure Weapon will be requested in order to snatch up and keep the Electromagnetism-Power in war field. If Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence called Double-Army-Power-Implement is applied to general design of Laser Countermeasure Weapon System, the efficiency of Weapon System can be greatly improved. The Object-Oriented analysis and design approach based on UML for C^3I system architecture was put forward, by which logical： archi- tecture described by class diagrams and behavior diagrams can be developed through Object-Oriented analysis, and physical architecture described by component diagrams and deployment diagrams can be developed through Object-Oriented design. The framework Of Modeling based UML was firstly set forth, the high process of Command, Control, Intelligence, Surveillance, Reeo.nnaissance and UML Architecture was utilized. , Then the Modeling process was particularly discussed through following the core ideology and basic principle of RUP （ Rational Unified Process）. Next, a series of diagrams of UML diagram which include Activity diagrams, Use Case diagrams, Sequence diagrams, Package diagrams and Class diagrams of system analysis, Component dia- grams, and Deployment diagrams of system design are illustrated in the process of Modeling of C^3I system software. Lastly, some problems that should be noticed in the Modeling process, merit and demerit of model, next works were also put forward.展开更多
Objective To investigate the short- and long-term therapeutic efficacies of intravenous transplantation of bone marrow stem cells(MSCs) in rats with experimental myocardial infarction by metaanalysis.Methods Randomize...Objective To investigate the short- and long-term therapeutic efficacies of intravenous transplantation of bone marrow stem cells(MSCs) in rats with experimental myocardial infarction by metaanalysis.Methods Randomized controlled trials were systematically searched from Pub Med,Science Citation Index(SCI),Chinese journal full-text database(CJFD) up to December 2014.While the experimental groups(MSCs groups) were injected MSCs intravenously,the control groups were injected Delubecco's minimum essential medium(DMEM) or phosphate buffered saline(PBS).Subgroup analysis for each outcome measure was performed for the observing time point after the transplantation of MSCs.Weighted mean differences(WMD) and 95% confidence intervals(CI) were calculated for outcome parameters including ejection fraction(EF) and fractional shortening(FS),which were measured by echocardiogram after intravenous injection and analyzed by Rev Man 5.2 and STATA 12.0.Results Data from 9 studies(190 rats) were included in the meta-analysis.As compared to the control groups,the cardiac function of the experimental groups were not improved at day 7(EF:WMD=0.08,95%CI-1.32 to 1.16,P>0.01; FS:WMD=-0.12,95%CI-0.90 to 0.65,P>0.01) until at day 14 after MSCs' transplantation(EF:WMD=10.79,95%CI 9.16 to 12.42,P<0.01; FS:WMD=11.34,95%CI 10.44 to 12.23,P<0.01),and it lasted 4 weeks or more after transplantation of MSCs(EF:WMD=13.94,95%CI 12.24 to 15.64,P<0.01; FS:WMD=9.64,95%CI 7.98 to 11.31,P<0.01).Conclusion The therapeutic efficacies of MSCs in rats with myocardid infarction become increasing apparent as time advances since 2 weeks after injection.展开更多
The purpose of this development is to detect the parallelism between the breech horizontal platform and the datum tube axis of the rocket artillery. The located aiming mechanism at the muzzle and located adjustment me...The purpose of this development is to detect the parallelism between the breech horizontal platform and the datum tube axis of the rocket artillery. The located aiming mechanism at the muzzle and located adjustment mechanism at the breech are designed in the system. Besides those, the system also uses an autocollimator with accuracy of 1″ and a collimating mirror together to determine the axis of the datum tube. An electronic level with accuracy of 2″ is employed to measure and display the value of the included angle and the parameter of the inclined direction. The entire accuracy of this system is σ≤±9.1″. This paper describes the composition and the operating principle of the system and analyzes the accuracy. The development of this system supplies reliable measurement method for new rocket artilleries and artilleries, and this technology is of a good application prospect.展开更多
In this study, data of body weight at slaughter （SW; n = 465）, hot carcass weight （HCW; n = 465）, cold carcass weight （CCW; n = 401）, carcass lean weight （CLW; n = 314）, carcass bone weight （CBW; n = 401）, c...In this study, data of body weight at slaughter （SW; n = 465）, hot carcass weight （HCW; n = 465）, cold carcass weight （CCW; n = 401）, carcass lean weight （CLW; n = 314）, carcass bone weight （CBW; n = 401）, carcass total fat weight （CTFW; n = 314） and fat-tail weight （FTW; n = 401） in Lori-Bakhtiari sheep were measured to determine their possible use in breeding programmers aimed at improving ability to carcass quality in this breed. Lambs were slaughtered at 195 ＋ 27 days of age. The method of slaughtering and cultting was Iranian cutting approach. SAS procedures were used for the statistical analysis. Means and their respective standard deviations for SW, HCW, CCW, CLW, CBW, CTFW and FTW were 45.41 ± 6.86, 22.81 ± 4.32, 22.53 ± 4.18, 11.14 ± 1.71, 3.47 ± 0.43, 7.19 ± 2.42 and 3.65 ± 1.37 kg, respectively. The coefficients of variation for CTFW and FTW were 33.62 percent and 38.01 percent, respectively. Environmental effects of kind of rearing after weaning and type of birth on HCW, CCW, CLW, CTFW and FTW traits were significant. Consequently, considerable variation exists for carcass composition traits, especially for carcass fat and fat-tail.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the benefits and risks of tight glycemia control (TGC) versus conventional glucose control (CGC) in critically ill brain-injured adults. Methods: We performed meta-analysis by systematically sea...Objective: To evaluate the benefits and risks of tight glycemia control (TGC) versus conventional glucose control (CGC) in critically ill brain-injured adults. Methods: We performed meta-analysis by systematically searching PubMed, EMBASE, OVID, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and CQVIP databases to retrieve RCTs in any languages. We used Review Manager to perform meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) or weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in analyses. Results: Twenty-six RCTs with a total of 3,759 participants were included in this meta-analysis. In-hospital mortality showed significant dissimilarity between TGC and CGC groups with OR of 0.76 (95%CI 0.58, 0.99). However, in terms of overall mortality and long-term neurological severity outcome, it didn't show differences with ORs of 0.93 (95%CI 0.79, 1.10) and 1.15 (95%CI 0.96, 1.37). There were also discrepancies in infection rate and ICU length of stay with OR of 0.51 (95%CI 0.42, 0.62) and WMD of -2.37 (95%CI -2.99, -1.74). Significances were observed in hypoglycemia events with ORs of 6.24 (95%CI 4.83, 8.07) and 2.73 (95%CI 2.56, 2.91) using two methods. Conclusion: In critically ill brain injury, TGC did not show beneficial effects on reducing overall mortality and long term neurological outcome, but it increased the risk of hypoglycemia.展开更多
The characteristics of a torpedo＇s acoustic homing trajectory with multiple targets were studied. The differential equations of torpedo motion were presented based on hydrodynamics. The Fourth order Runge-Kutta metho...The characteristics of a torpedo＇s acoustic homing trajectory with multiple targets were studied. The differential equations of torpedo motion were presented based on hydrodynamics. The Fourth order Runge-Kutta method was used to solve these equations. Derived from sonar equations and Snell＇ s law, a simple virtual underwater acoustic environment was established for simulating the torpedo homing process. The Newton iteration method was used to calculate homing range and ray tracing was approximated by pieccwise line, which takes into consideration distortions cause by temperature, pressure, and salinity in a given sea area. The influence of some acoustic warfare equipment disturb the torpedo homing process in certain circumstances, including decoys and jammers, was alsotaken into account in simulations. Relative target identification logic and homing control laws were presented. Equal consideration during research was given to the requirements of rcal-timeactivity as well as accuracy. Finally, a practical torpedo homing trajectory simulation program was developed and applied to certain projects.展开更多
An optimized methodology to design a more robust torpedo shell is proposed. The method has taken into account reliability requirements and controllable and uncontrollable factors such as geometry, load, material prope...An optimized methodology to design a more robust torpedo shell is proposed. The method has taken into account reliability requirements and controllable and uncontrollable factors such as geometry, load, material properties, manufacturing processes, installation, etc. as well as human and environmental factors. The result is a more realistic shell design. Our reliability optimization design model was developed based on sensitivity analysis. Details of the design model are given in this paper. An example of a torpedo shell design based on this model is given and demonstrates that the method produces designs that are more effective and reliable than traditional torpedo shell designs. This method can be used for other torpedo system designs.展开更多
Moving analogy target is a key component of the performance testing system in TV tracking equipment. A new method is provided to produce the moving analogy target whose motion speed, track, contrast and size can be va...Moving analogy target is a key component of the performance testing system in TV tracking equipment. A new method is provided to produce the moving analogy target whose motion speed, track, contrast and size can be varied. The video signal transformed by video switching card is used to test the performances of the electronic box of TV tracking equipment. These performances include minimal tracking contrast, minimal size of tracking target, maximal tracking speed and capture time.展开更多
The underwater target recognition is a key technology in acoustic confrontation and underwater defence. In this article, a recognition system based on fuzzy logic inference (FLI) is set up. This system is mainly compo...The underwater target recognition is a key technology in acoustic confrontation and underwater defence. In this article, a recognition system based on fuzzy logic inference (FLI) is set up. This system is mainly composed of three parts: the fuzzy input module, the fuzzy logic inference module with a set of inference rules and the de-fuzzy output module. The inference result shows the recognition system is effective in most conditions.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2009BAC51B02)
文摘The distinct precursory signals of countrywide extensive and persistent extreme cold events (CECs) were investigated and contrasted with those of countrywide cold wave events (CCWs). It is shown that most CECs were accompanied by a CCW in the initial stages. From the comparison between the CECs and the CCWs that were independent of any CEC, it is found that a south- west-northeast-oriented tilted ridge at 500 hPa was present around the Europe-Barents Sea regions approximately 10 days prior to the start of the CEC. Consistent with this feature, a high sea level pressure and strong cold air accumulation occurred over a broad extent of northern Eurasia one week prior to the start of the CEC. The tilted ridge and the strong cold air accumulation were the precursory signals that were absent for the CCW, and they provide important clues for the early prediction of whether a CCW event might evolve into a CEC.
文摘AIM: To characterize the efficacy of rifaximin in the management of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) as several randomized controlled studies have shown contradictory results on its effectiveness in comparison to other oral agents. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and random effects meta-analysis of all eligible trials identifi ed through electronic and manual searches. Twelve randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria with a total of 565 patients. RESULTS: The clinical effectiveness of rifaximin was equivalent to disaccharides or other oral antibiotics[odds ratio (OR) 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94-4.08] but with a better safety profi le (OR 0.27; 95% CI: 0.12-0.59). At the completion of treatment protocols, patients receiving rifaximin showed lower serum ammonia levels [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -10.65; 95% CI: -23.4-2.1; P = 0.10], better mental status (WMD = -0.24; 95% CI: -0.57-0.08; P = 0.15) and less asterixis (WMD -0.1; 95% CI -0.26-0.07; P = 0.25) without reaching statistical signifi cance. On the other hand, other psychometric outcomes such as electroencephalographic response and grades of portosystemic encephalopathy were superior in patients treated with rifaximin in comparison to the control group (WMD = 0.21, 95% CI: -0.33-0.09, P = 0.0004; and WMD = -2.33, 95% CI: -2.68-1.98, P = 0.00001, respectively). Subgroup and sensitivity analysis did not show any signifi cant difference in the above fi ndings. CONCLUSION: Rifaximin appears to be at least as effective as other conventional oral agents for the treatment of HE with a better safety profi le.
文摘With the spectrum extended in modem Electronic War, Laser Countermeasure Weapon will be requested in order to snatch up and keep the Electromagnetism-Power in war field. If Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence called Double-Army-Power-Implement is applied to general design of Laser Countermeasure Weapon System, the efficiency of Weapon System can be greatly improved. The Object-Oriented analysis and design approach based on UML for C^3I system architecture was put forward, by which logical： archi- tecture described by class diagrams and behavior diagrams can be developed through Object-Oriented analysis, and physical architecture described by component diagrams and deployment diagrams can be developed through Object-Oriented design. The framework Of Modeling based UML was firstly set forth, the high process of Command, Control, Intelligence, Surveillance, Reeo.nnaissance and UML Architecture was utilized. , Then the Modeling process was particularly discussed through following the core ideology and basic principle of RUP （ Rational Unified Process）. Next, a series of diagrams of UML diagram which include Activity diagrams, Use Case diagrams, Sequence diagrams, Package diagrams and Class diagrams of system analysis, Component dia- grams, and Deployment diagrams of system design are illustrated in the process of Modeling of C^3I system software. Lastly, some problems that should be noticed in the Modeling process, merit and demerit of model, next works were also put forward.
基金Supported by the Youth Project of National Natural Science Foundation(81100078)the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education(211207)+1 种基金Guangzhou Pearl River science and technology new star project plan(2012J2200063)Project of Guangdong Science and Technology Department(S2011040001392)
文摘Objective To investigate the short- and long-term therapeutic efficacies of intravenous transplantation of bone marrow stem cells(MSCs) in rats with experimental myocardial infarction by metaanalysis.Methods Randomized controlled trials were systematically searched from Pub Med,Science Citation Index(SCI),Chinese journal full-text database(CJFD) up to December 2014.While the experimental groups(MSCs groups) were injected MSCs intravenously,the control groups were injected Delubecco's minimum essential medium(DMEM) or phosphate buffered saline(PBS).Subgroup analysis for each outcome measure was performed for the observing time point after the transplantation of MSCs.Weighted mean differences(WMD) and 95% confidence intervals(CI) were calculated for outcome parameters including ejection fraction(EF) and fractional shortening(FS),which were measured by echocardiogram after intravenous injection and analyzed by Rev Man 5.2 and STATA 12.0.Results Data from 9 studies(190 rats) were included in the meta-analysis.As compared to the control groups,the cardiac function of the experimental groups were not improved at day 7(EF:WMD=0.08,95%CI-1.32 to 1.16,P>0.01; FS:WMD=-0.12,95%CI-0.90 to 0.65,P>0.01) until at day 14 after MSCs' transplantation(EF:WMD=10.79,95%CI 9.16 to 12.42,P<0.01; FS:WMD=11.34,95%CI 10.44 to 12.23,P<0.01),and it lasted 4 weeks or more after transplantation of MSCs(EF:WMD=13.94,95%CI 12.24 to 15.64,P<0.01; FS:WMD=9.64,95%CI 7.98 to 11.31,P<0.01).Conclusion The therapeutic efficacies of MSCs in rats with myocardid infarction become increasing apparent as time advances since 2 weeks after injection.
文摘The purpose of this development is to detect the parallelism between the breech horizontal platform and the datum tube axis of the rocket artillery. The located aiming mechanism at the muzzle and located adjustment mechanism at the breech are designed in the system. Besides those, the system also uses an autocollimator with accuracy of 1″ and a collimating mirror together to determine the axis of the datum tube. An electronic level with accuracy of 2″ is employed to measure and display the value of the included angle and the parameter of the inclined direction. The entire accuracy of this system is σ≤±9.1″. This paper describes the composition and the operating principle of the system and analyzes the accuracy. The development of this system supplies reliable measurement method for new rocket artilleries and artilleries, and this technology is of a good application prospect.
文摘In this study, data of body weight at slaughter （SW; n = 465）, hot carcass weight （HCW; n = 465）, cold carcass weight （CCW; n = 401）, carcass lean weight （CLW; n = 314）, carcass bone weight （CBW; n = 401）, carcass total fat weight （CTFW; n = 314） and fat-tail weight （FTW; n = 401） in Lori-Bakhtiari sheep were measured to determine their possible use in breeding programmers aimed at improving ability to carcass quality in this breed. Lambs were slaughtered at 195 ＋ 27 days of age. The method of slaughtering and cultting was Iranian cutting approach. SAS procedures were used for the statistical analysis. Means and their respective standard deviations for SW, HCW, CCW, CLW, CBW, CTFW and FTW were 45.41 ± 6.86, 22.81 ± 4.32, 22.53 ± 4.18, 11.14 ± 1.71, 3.47 ± 0.43, 7.19 ± 2.42 and 3.65 ± 1.37 kg, respectively. The coefficients of variation for CTFW and FTW were 33.62 percent and 38.01 percent, respectively. Environmental effects of kind of rearing after weaning and type of birth on HCW, CCW, CLW, CTFW and FTW traits were significant. Consequently, considerable variation exists for carcass composition traits, especially for carcass fat and fat-tail.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the benefits and risks of tight glycemia control (TGC) versus conventional glucose control (CGC) in critically ill brain-injured adults. Methods: We performed meta-analysis by systematically searching PubMed, EMBASE, OVID, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and CQVIP databases to retrieve RCTs in any languages. We used Review Manager to perform meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) or weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in analyses. Results: Twenty-six RCTs with a total of 3,759 participants were included in this meta-analysis. In-hospital mortality showed significant dissimilarity between TGC and CGC groups with OR of 0.76 (95%CI 0.58, 0.99). However, in terms of overall mortality and long-term neurological severity outcome, it didn't show differences with ORs of 0.93 (95%CI 0.79, 1.10) and 1.15 (95%CI 0.96, 1.37). There were also discrepancies in infection rate and ICU length of stay with OR of 0.51 (95%CI 0.42, 0.62) and WMD of -2.37 (95%CI -2.99, -1.74). Significances were observed in hypoglycemia events with ORs of 6.24 (95%CI 4.83, 8.07) and 2.73 (95%CI 2.56, 2.91) using two methods. Conclusion: In critically ill brain injury, TGC did not show beneficial effects on reducing overall mortality and long term neurological outcome, but it increased the risk of hypoglycemia.
文摘The characteristics of a torpedo＇s acoustic homing trajectory with multiple targets were studied. The differential equations of torpedo motion were presented based on hydrodynamics. The Fourth order Runge-Kutta method was used to solve these equations. Derived from sonar equations and Snell＇ s law, a simple virtual underwater acoustic environment was established for simulating the torpedo homing process. The Newton iteration method was used to calculate homing range and ray tracing was approximated by pieccwise line, which takes into consideration distortions cause by temperature, pressure, and salinity in a given sea area. The influence of some acoustic warfare equipment disturb the torpedo homing process in certain circumstances, including decoys and jammers, was alsotaken into account in simulations. Relative target identification logic and homing control laws were presented. Equal consideration during research was given to the requirements of rcal-timeactivity as well as accuracy. Finally, a practical torpedo homing trajectory simulation program was developed and applied to certain projects.
基金the National Defense Basic Research Project Foundation under Grant No. B2720061149
文摘An optimized methodology to design a more robust torpedo shell is proposed. The method has taken into account reliability requirements and controllable and uncontrollable factors such as geometry, load, material properties, manufacturing processes, installation, etc. as well as human and environmental factors. The result is a more realistic shell design. Our reliability optimization design model was developed based on sensitivity analysis. Details of the design model are given in this paper. An example of a torpedo shell design based on this model is given and demonstrates that the method produces designs that are more effective and reliable than traditional torpedo shell designs. This method can be used for other torpedo system designs.
文摘Moving analogy target is a key component of the performance testing system in TV tracking equipment. A new method is provided to produce the moving analogy target whose motion speed, track, contrast and size can be varied. The video signal transformed by video switching card is used to test the performances of the electronic box of TV tracking equipment. These performances include minimal tracking contrast, minimal size of tracking target, maximal tracking speed and capture time.
文摘The underwater target recognition is a key technology in acoustic confrontation and underwater defence. In this article, a recognition system based on fuzzy logic inference (FLI) is set up. This system is mainly composed of three parts: the fuzzy input module, the fuzzy logic inference module with a set of inference rules and the de-fuzzy output module. The inference result shows the recognition system is effective in most conditions.
