分段校正FD3019型γ测井仪器的方法分析

放射性测井仪器校正是仪器误差检查中必要的一环,减少测井仪器计量误差会对测井质量有明显提高。通过采用不同"死"时间补偿进行仪器校正,分析误差结果,说明传统校正方法存在的问题,以及通过分段校正FD3019型γ测井仪器的对比结果,分析分段校正的可行性。结果表明特高品位铀矿段测井,分段校正仪器能减少其灵敏度误差。

Analysis of the delayed approach to the management of infected pancreatic necrosis

AIM: To analyze outcomes of delayed single-stage necrosectomy after early conservative management of patients with infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) associated with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: Between January 1998 and December 2009, data from patients with SAP who developed IPN and were managed by pancreatic necrosectomy were analyzed. RESULTS: Fifty-nine of 61 pancreatic necrosectomies were performed by open surgery and 2 laparoscopically. In 55 patients, single-stage necrosectomy could be performed (90.2%). Patients underwent surgery at a median of 29 d (range 13-46 d) after diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Sepsis and multiple organ failure accounted for the 9.8% mortality rate. Pancreatic fistulae (50.8%) predominantly accounted for the morbidity. The median hospital stay was 23 d, and the median interval for return to regular activities was 110 d.CONCLUSION: This series supports the concept of delayed single-stage open pancreatic necrosectomy for IPN. Advances in critical care, antibiotics and interventional radiology have played complementary role in improving the outcomes.

Killing Effect of Mixed Fumigation of Phosphine and Carbon Dioxide on Eggs of Lasioderma serricorne F.

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the killing effect of mixed fumi- gation of phosphine and carbon dioxide on eggs of Lasioderma serricorne F. [Method] The outside-storage phosphine generator was placed in a tabernacled smoke box, and the mortality rates of L. serricome F. eggs in the smoke box under conditions of different aluminium phosphide usage amount and different fumigation time were studied. In addition, the times needed by tabernacle and smoke box cen- ter to reach the phosphine concentration peak were recorded. [Result] The optimum conditions for killing the eggs of L. serricorne were as follows： temperature of （27± 2） ℃, relatively humidity of （45±5）%, aluminium phosphide usage amount of 1.5 g/m3 and effective exposure time of 96 h. The killing effect of mixed fumigation of phos- phine and carbon dioxide was increased with the extension of fumigation time. The increased usage amount of aluminium phosphide showed no significant effect on killing effect. The tabernacle space and smoke box center all required relatively short time to reach the phosphine concentration peak. If the tabernacle had a good airtightness, the overall fumigation time could be shortened. [Conclusion] The fumi- gation method is reliable, and it can be used for the control of L. serricorne F. in tobacco storage.

Timing of mortality in severe acute pancreatitis:Experience from 643 patients

AIM: To determine the timing of mortality after onset of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and the course of the disease in a large series of patients. METHODS: From July 1996 to June 2005, all patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan were retrospectively studied. Three thousand two hundred and fifty episodes of acute pancreatitis were recorded in 2248 patients (1431 males and 817 females; median age, 55.6 years; range, 18-97 years). Mortality was divided into two groups: early death (≤ 14 d after admission), and late death (> 14 d after admission). The clinical features of patients in these two groups were compared. RESULTS: Although the overall mortality rate of acute pancreatitis was 3.8% (123/3250), mortality rate of SAP was as high as 16.3% (105/643). Of those 105 SAP mortalities, 44 (41.9%) deaths occurred within the first 14 d after admission and 61 (58.1%) occurred after14 d. Incidence of early death did not significantly differ from that of late death. The co-morbidities did not contribute to the timing of death. Early deaths mainly resulted from multiple organ failure. Late deaths were mainly caused by secondary complication of infected necrosis. Intra- abdominal bleeding significantly caused higher mortality in late death. CONCLUSION: Approximately half (42%) of SAP deaths occur within 14 d and most were due to multiple organ failure. The late deaths of SAP were mostly due to infected necrosis.

Control of Sudden Death of Entanglement by Transient Effects

We investigate the properties of entanglement between an isolated atom and a Jaynes-Cummings atom in the presence of transient effects. These effects are due to the modulation of the atom-field coupling whose explicit time-dependence is considered for the case of the linear sweep. We show that the sudden death of entanglement can be controlled by the transient effects. These effects can suppress the sudden death of entanglement in time.

Warm ischemia time and elevated serum uric acid are associated with metabolic syndrome after liver transplantation with donation after cardiac death

AIM To describe the prevalence of posttransplant metabolic syndrome(PTMS) after donation after cardiac death(DCD) liver transplantation(LT) and the pre-and postoperative risk factors.METHODS One hundred and forty-seven subjects who underwent DCD LT from January 2012 to February 2016 were enrolled in this study. The demographics and the clinical characteristics of pre-and post-transplantation were collected for both recipients and donors. PTMS was defined according to the 2004 Adult Treatment Panel-Ⅲ criteria. All subjects were followed monthly for the initial 6 mo after discharge, and then, every 3 mo for 2 years. The subjects were followed every 6 mo or as required after 2 years post-LT.RESULTS The prevalence of PTMS after DCD donor orthotopic LT was 20/147(13.6%). Recipient's body mass index(P = 0.024), warm ischemia time(WIT)(P = 0.045), and posttransplant hyperuricemia(P = 0.001) were significantly associated with PTMS. The change in serum uric acid levels in PTMS patients was significantly higher than that in non-PTMS patients(P < 0.001). After the 1 s t mo, the level of serum uric acid of PTMS patients rose continually over a period, while it was unaltered in non-PTMS patients. After transplantation, the level of serum uric acid in PTMS patients was not associated with renal function.CONCLUSION PTMS could occur at early stage after DCD LT with growing morbidity with the passage of time. WIT and post-LT hyperuricemia are associated with the prevalence of PTMS. An increased serum uric acid level is highly associated with PTMS and could act as a serum marker in this disease.

Estimating time-based instantaneous total mortality rate based on the age-structured abundance index

The instantaneous total mortality rate(Z) of a fish population is one of the important parameters in fisheries stock assessment. The estimation of Z is crucial to fish population dynamics analysis,abundance and catch forecast,and fisheries management. A catch curve-based method for estimating time-based Z and its change trend from catch per unit effort(CPUE) data of multiple cohorts is developed. Unlike the traditional catch-curve method,the method developed here does not need the assumption of constant Z throughout the time,but the Z values in n continuous years are assumed constant,and then the Z values in different n continuous years are estimated using the age-based CPUE data within these years. The results of the simulation analyses show that the trends of the estimated time-based Z are consistent with the trends of the true Z,and the estimated rates of change from this approach are close to the true change rates(the relative differences between the change rates of the estimated Z and the true Z are smaller than 10%). Variations of both Z and recruitment can affect the estimates of Z value and the trend of Z. The most appropriate value of n can be different given the effects of different factors. Therefore,the appropriate value of n for different fisheries should be determined through a simulation analysis as we demonstrated in this study. Further analyses suggested that selectivity and age estimation are also two factors that can affect the estimated Z values if there is error in either of them,but the estimated change rates of Z are still close to the true change rates. We also applied this approach to the Atlantic cod(G adus morhua) fishery of eastern Newfoundland and Labrador from 1983 to 1997,and obtained reasonable estimates of time-based Z.

Chronic bile duct hyperplasia is a chronic graft dysfunction following liver transplantation

AIM: To investigate pathological types and influential factors of chronic graft dysfunction (CGD) following liver transplantation (LT) in rats. METHODS: The whole experiment was divided into three groups: (1) Normal group (n = 12): normal BN rats without any drug or operation; (2) SGT group (syngeneic transplant of BN-BN, n = 12): both donors and recipients were BN rats; and (3) AGT group (allogeneic transplant of LEW-BN, n = 12): Donors were Lewis and recipients were BN rats. In the AGT group, all recipients were subcutaneously injected by Cyclosporin A after LT. Survival time was observed for 1 year. All the dying rats were sampled, biliary tract tissues were performed bacterial culture and liver tissues for histological study. Twenty-one d after LT, 8 rats were selected randomly in each group for sampling. Blood samples from caudal veins were collected for measurements of plasma endotoxin, cytokines and metabonomic analysis, and faeces were analyzed for intestinal microflora. RESULTS: During the surgery of LT, no complications of blood vessels or bile duct happened, and all rats in each group were still alive in the next 2 wk. The long term observation revealed that a total of 8 rats in the SGT and AGT groups died of hepatic graft diseases, 5 rats in which died of chronic bile duct hyperplasia. Compared to the SGT and normal groups, survival ratio of rats significantly decreased in the AGT group (aP < 0.01, bP < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, liver necrosis, liver infection, and severe chronic bile duct hyperplasia were observed in the AGT group by H and E stain. On 21 d after LT, compared with the normal group (25.38 ± 7.09 ng/L) and SGT group (33.12 ± 10.26 ng/L), plasma endotoxin in the AGT group was remarkably increased (142.86 ± 30.85 ng/L) (both P < 0.01). Plasma tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were also significantly elevated in the AGT group (593.6 ± 171.67 pg/mL, 323.8 ± 68.30 pg/mL) vs the normal (225.5 ± 72.07 pg/mL, 114.6 ± 36.67 pg/mL) and SGT groups (321.3 ± 88.47 pg/mL, 205.2 ± 53.06 pg/mL) (P < 0.01). Furthermore, Bacterial cultures of bile duct tissues revealed that the rats close to death from the SGT and AGT groups were strongly positive, while those from the normal group were negative. The analysis of intestinal microflora was performed. Compared to the normal group (7.98 ± 0.92, 8.90 ± 1.44) and SGT group (8.51 ± 0.46, 9.43 ± 0.69), the numbers of Enterococcus and Enterobacteria in the AGT group (8.76 ± 1.93, 10.18 ± 1.64) were significantly increased (both aP < 0.01, bP < 0.05, respectively). Meanwhile, compared to the normal group (9.62 ± 1.60, 9.93 ± 1.10) and SGT group (8.95 ± 0.04, 9.02 ± 1.14), the numbers of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the AGT group (7.83 ± 0.72, 8.87± 0.13) were remarkably reduced (both aP < 0.01, bP < 0.05, respectively). In addition, metabonomics analysis showed that metabolic profiles of plasma in rats in the AGT group were severe deviated from the normal and SGT groups. CONCLUSION: Chronic bile duct hyperplasia is a pathological type of CGD following LT in rats. The mechanism of this kind of CGD is associated with the alterations of inflammation, intestinal barrier function and microflora as well as plasma metabolic profiles.

Spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study of 87 patients in a teaching hospital

Objective: The aim of the study was to review the management of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a single teaching hospital over 13-year period; to determine the prognostic factor of in-hospital mortality and evaluate the safety and efficacy of liver resection. Methods: A retrospective collection of medical records of 87 patients with spontaneous ruptured HCC was carried out. The 28 patients underwent emergency intervention including transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and laparotomy with/without liver resection. Conservative treatment was performed in 59 patients and 16 of which underwent delayed hepatectomy or TACE. Results: The overall in-hospital mortality and median survival time was 54% and 22 days respectively. Albumin level (OR = 0.874, 95% CI: 0.778-0.973, P = 0.024), number of tumors (OR = 5.011, 95% CI: 1.015-24.750, P = 0.048) and laparotomy (OR = 0.069, 95% CI: 0.012-0.406, P = 0.003) were all independent factors affecting overall in-hospital mortality, but for patients undergone laparotomy, only total bilirubin level (OR = 1.138, 95% CI: 1.024-1.264, P = 0.016) was independent factor affecting overall in-hospital mortality. Age, total bilirubin level, maximum tumor size, number of tumors, portal vein tumor thrombosis and extra-hepatic metastasis were all significantly different between groups with laparotomy and without. There were no significant differences between emergency and delayed liver resection groups in in-hospital mortality (0 vs. 0), median survival time (788 vs. 750 days respectively) as well as 1-year and 3-year survival rates (66.7%, 44.4% vs. 70%, 30%, respectively) (P = 0.763, log-rank test). Conclusion: Both underlying chronic liver disease and tumor stage can affect the in-hospital mortality, but for patients undergone laparotomy, only total bilirubin level is independent factor. Surgeons are more prone to choose patients with younger age, better liver function and earlier tumor stage to do surgery. In well selected patients, both emergency and delayed liver resections are safe and could achieve prolonged survival.

Infected pancreatic necrosis: Not necessarily a late event in acute pancreatitis

It is widely believed that infection of pancreatic necrosis is a late event in the natural course of acute pancreatitis. This paper discusses the available data on the timing of pancreatic infection. It appears that infected pancreatic necrosis occurs early in almost a quarter of patients. This has practical implications for the type, timing and duration of preventive strategies used in these patients. There are also implications for the classification of severity in patients with acute pancreatitis. Given that the main determinants of severity are both local and systemic complications and that they can occur both early and late in the course of acute pancreatitis, the classification of severity should be based on their presence or absence rather than on when they occur. To do otherwise, and in particular overlook early infected pancreatic necrosis, may lead to a misclassification error and fallacies of clinical studies in patients with acute pancreatitis.

Compensation of Dead-Time Effect of Speed Sensorless Vector Control System

The key of speed sensorless vector control system lies in the accurate orientation of magnetic field. In some field-oriented algorithms, the integrator of observers and the dead-time effect bring in system errors during the estimation of field position. In this paper, a saturated feedback integrator is used, and the dead-time effect is compen- sated by current positive feedback. Experiments were carried out on the hardware platform of MCK2407, with chip TMS320LF2407 from TI Company. The results show that the prooosed method is simole and effective, and the accuracy of field position is improved.

Comparison of Behavioral Characteristics between Korean Native Chickens and Commercial Broilers

Commercial broilers （CB） have been generally reared in Korea; however, Korean native chicken （KNC） is also bred for meat production. This study was performed to evaluate the behavioral characteristics of Korean native chickens （Han-hyup） and commercial broilers （Ross 308）. In the study, KNC and CB were separately housed in 4 pens （30 birds/pen）, so there were two replicates for each treatment. Chickens were observed by video recording throughout the 8 weeks growth period for 12 hours each day. The time spent （standing, sitting, and walking） and frequencies （drinking, feeding, preening, dust-bathing, flapping, aggressive pecking, and ground pecking） of chicken＇s behavior were evaluated. Behavior was compared between the earlier period （1 to 4 weeks） and the later one （5 to 8 weeks） to know the changes in each behavior as they matured. Results showed that more time was spent on standing by KNC than CB. On the contrary, time spent for sitting behavior was less in KNC. The frequencies of most behaviors in KNC were higher than CB in the earlier period except feeding and dust-bathing. The greatest decreasing behavior as they matured was walking in both treatments, and a large number of commercial broilers did not walk, but instead rested as days passed. Feeding behavior of CB was more frequent in the earlier stage, but gradually reversed in the later period. The active behaviors such as fe, eding, preening, pecking, flapping and aggressive pecking in the KNC group were higher than the CB group, declining as time passed in both treatments; except dust-bathing that showed opposite pattern. These results were showed that KNC are much more active compared to CB, especially for walking, preening and pecking behavior. This may conclude that they may have fewer tendencies to develop potential health problems like dermatitis or even disease like sudden death syndrome.

The contribution of gender and age on early and late mortality following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction： results from the Korean Acute Myocardial Infarction National Registry with Registries

Background Although previous studies using Korean data have already reported higher rates of mortality in women, it is less clear whether these gender differences in prognosis post ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI）, are age dependent. The aim of this study is to examine the gender-age interaction with early and late mortality in patients with STEMI enrolled in the Korean nationwide regis-try. Methods This prospective study stratified outcomes according to gender and age from 17,021 STEMI patients. We compared in-hospital, early （30 days） and late （12 months） mortality between gender to examine the gender-age interaction in multivariable models. Results In younger women （〈 60 years）, in-hospital [5.8% vs. 2.5%, P 〈 0.001; unadjusted odds ratios （OR）： 2.41, 95% confidence inter-vals （CI）： 1.59-3.66], early （6.2% vs. 2.6%, P 〈 0.001; unadjusted OR： 2.4, 95% CI： 2.12-2.72） and late mortality （7.0% vs. 3.1%, P 〉 0.001; unadjusted OR： 2.33, 95% CI： 2.08-2.61） were significantly higher compared with men. However, after adjustment for patient characteristics, Killip class ≥ 3, symptom to balloon time and major bleeding, and in-hospital bleeding, overall early and late mortality were no longer re-lated to gender in any age groups. Conclusions Among a Korean population with STEMI, higher early and late mortality in younger women may be explained by poor patient characteristics, higher Killip class ≥3, longer symptom to balloon time and more frequent major bleeding. Therefore, based on gender-age differences, more precise and aggressive preventive strategies focused on risk factor reduction, education and more intensive management for yotmger women should be performed.

Rising costs and hospital admissions for hepatocellular carcinoma in Portugal(1993-2005)

AIM:To determine,for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),the patient demographic profile and costs of their admissions to the hospitals of the Portuguese National Health System from 1993 to 2005.METHODS:The National Registry(ICD-9CM,Inter-national Classification of Diseases,155.0)provided data from the 97 Hospitals in Portugal.RESULTS:We studied 7932 admissions that progres-sively rose from 292 in 1993 to 834 in 2005,having a male predominance of 78%(6130/7932).The global rate of hospital admissions for HCC rose from 3.1/105 in 1993 to 8.3/105 in 2005.The average length of stay decreased from 17.5 ± 17.9 d in 1993 to 9.3 ± 10.4 d in 2005,P < 0.001.The average hospital mortality for HCC remained high over these years,22.3% in 1993 and 26.7% in 2005.Nationally,hospital costs(in Euros-€)rose in all variables studied:overall costs from €533 000 in 1993,to €4 629 000 in 2005,cost per day of stay from €105 in 1993,to €597 in 2005,average cost of each admission from €1828 in 1993,to €5550 in 2005.In 2005,1.8%(15/834)of hospital admissions for HCC were related to liver transplant,and responsible for a cost of about €1.5 million,corresponding to one third of the overall costs for HCC admissions in that same year.CONCLUSION:From 1993 to 2005 hospital admissions in Portugal for HCC tripled.Overall costs for these admissions increased 9 times,with all variables related to cost analysis rising accordingly.Liver transplant,indicated in a small group of patients,showed a disproportionate increase in costs.

Multi-objective Optimization of Controller for Process with Reverse Response and Dead Time

Due to the difficulty of controlling the process with inverse response and dead time,a Multi-objective Optimization based on Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) method for tuning of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is proposed. The settings of the controller are valued by two criteria,the error between output and reference signals and control moves. An appropriate set of Pareto optimal setting of the PID controller is founded by analyzing the results of Pareto optimal surfaces for balancing the two criteria. A high order process with inverse response and dead time is used to illustrate the results of the proposed method. And the efficiency and robustness of the tuning method are evident compared with methods in recent literature.

TRAF2-MLK3 interaction is essential for TNF-α-induced MLK3 activation

Mixed lineage kinase 3 （MLK3） is a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase that is activated by tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and specifically activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） on TNF-a stimulation. The mecha- nism by which TNF-α activates MLK3 is still not known. TNF receptor-associated factors （TRAFs） are adapter molecules that are recruited to cytoplasmic end of TNF receptor and mediate the downstream signaling, including activation of JNK. Here, we report that MLK3 associates with TRAF2, TRAF5 and TRAF6; however only TRAF2 can significantly induce the kinase activity of MLK3. The interaction domain of TRAF2 maps to the TRAF domain and for MLK3 to its C-terminal half （amino acids 511-847）. Endogenous TRAF2 and MLK3 associate with each other in response to TNF-α treatment in a time-dependent manner. The association between MLK3 and TRAF2 mediates MLK3 activation and competition with the TRAF2 deletion mutant that binds to MLK3 attenuates MLK3 kinase activity in a dose-dependent manner, on TNF-α treatment. Furthermore the downstream target of MLK3, JNK was activated by TNF-α in a TRAF2-dependent manner. Hence, our data show that the direct interaction between TRAF2 and MLK3 is required for TNF-α-induced activation of MLK3 and its downstream target, JNK.

characteristics of intestinal pseudo-obstruction in patients with mitochondrial diseases

AIM: To reveal the frequency, characteristics and prognosis of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIP) in mitochondrial disease patients. METHODS: Between January 2000 and December 2010, 31 patients (13 males and 18 females) were di-agnosed with mitochondrial diseases at our hospital. We conducted a retrospective review of the patients' sex, subclass of mitochondrial disease, age at onset of mitochondrial disease, frequency of CIP and the age at its onset, and the duration of survival. The age at onset or at the first diagnosis of the disorder that led to the clinical suspicion of mitochondrial disease was also examined. RESULTS: Twenty patients were sub-classified with mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), 8 with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), and 3 with myoclonus epilepsy associated with ragged-red fibers (MERRF). Nine patients were diagnosed with CIP, 8 of the 20 (40.0%) patients with MELAS, 0 of the 8 (0.0%) patients with CPEO, and 1 of the 3 (33.3%) patients with MERRF. The median age (range) at the diagnosis and the median age at onset of mitochondrial disease were 40 (17-69) and 25 (12-63) years in patients with CIP, and 49 (17-81) and 40 (11-71) years in patients without CIP. During the survey period, 5 patients (4 patients with MELAS and 1 with CPEO) died. The cause of death was cardiomyopathy in 2 patients with MELAS, cerebral infarction in 1 patient with MELAS, epilepsy and aspiration pneumonia in 1 patient with MELAS, and multiple metastases from gastric cancer and aspiration pneumonia in 1 patient with CPEO. CONCLUSION: Patients with CIP tend to have disorders that are suspected to be related to mitochondrial diseases at younger ages than are patients without CIP.

Continuous sedation until death:Therapeutically and ethically acceptable

If a patient is dying and still suffering great pain, what is the least harmful alternative? Here we prefer continuous sedation until death (CSD). CSD differs from physician-assisted death (PAD) in many aspects. Firstly, CSD is not used to shorten life or cause death, but instead its intention is to relieve suffering. Secondly, once CSD is associated with a reduction in or suspension of food intake, the duration of sedation is too short to have an impact on survival rate. Thirdly, CSD is titrated while PAD is often overdosed. Fourthly, the sanctity of life could be maintained since sedation is used merely as a means of quelling suffering. Last but no least, for unconscious patients, the same medicines are frequently used for both palliative sedation and standard surgical procedures.

Aggressive therapy with statins in elderly and malnourished patients with acute myocardial infarction： is the right time to change？

The changes in the demographic profile of the population with longer life expectancy are mainly due to an improvement of lifestyle, prevention and care of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease.

Controlling Entanglement Dynamics by Choosing Appropriate Ratio between Cavity-Fiber Coupling and Atom-Cavity Coupling

The entanglement characteristics including the so-called sudden death effect between two identical twolevel atoms trapped in two separate cavities connected by an optical fiber are studied. The results show that the time evolution of entanglement is sensitive not only to the degree of entanglement of the initial state but also to the ratio between cavity-fiber coupling （v） and atom-cavity coupling （g）. This means that the entanglement dynamics can be controlled by choosing specific v and ft.