A型肉毒杆菌毒素治疗眼睑及面肌痉挛临床分析

目的:探讨肉毒杆菌毒素治疗眼睑及面肌痉挛的效果。方法:对2000年8月～2004年12月收治的46例患者进行肉毒杆菌毒素治疗。结果:患者面肌及眼睑痉挛强度均下降,与治疗前比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。6个月后随访有19例复发,无全身及局部过敏等不良反应。结论:A型肉毒杆菌毒素治疗眼睑及面肌痉挛是一种有效且安全的治疗方法。

眼神为何能杀人?

在日常生活中，人们经常会听到这样一句玩笑话：“用眼神杀死你!”但可曾想到，如果玩笑变成了现实，如果有人真的可以用眼神杀人，那又是怎样的情形？你相信这世上真的会有“眼神杀人”事件吗？

Primary Study of Egg Yolk Antibody for Detection of King Cobra Venom Antigens

Aim To study whether antivenom from laying hens can be used for the detection of venom antigens, Methods Chickens （white Leghorn） were immunized with detoxicated king cobra venom by formaldehyde and egg yolk immunoglobulin （IgY） isolated from yolk; IgY was labelled with the horseradish peroxidase （HRP）. Experimental condition and parameters were determined by chessboard test. The specificity, sensitivity, precision, and stability of this method were assayed in the experiment. Results This method could detect as low as 32 μg· L^-1 of the king cobra antigens. A good linear relation was found within 32 ～ 750 μg· L^-1 of king cobra venom concentrations （ r = 0. 963）. There was no cross reactivity for the reagents with Agkistrodon acutus Guenther venom or Vipera russelli siamensis Smith venom;slight cross reactivity .with Bungarus multicinctus Blyth venom or Bungarus fasciatus Chmeider venom; and notable cross reactivity with cobra venom. The average intra-assay relative standard deviation （RSD） was 1% - 3%, and the inter-assay RSD was less than 8%. The reagents （including IgY and HRP-IgY） were stable; no differences （P 〉 0.05） were observed for the detection of venom antigens when the reagents were stored at 37 ℃ up to 6 d. Conclusion IgY is a good reagent for diagnosis of snakebite after eliminating the genus cross reactivity.

Acute Toxicity Test of Chinese Herbal Compound Tongmai Tangyanming Capsule

[Objective] This study was conducted to determine the safe dose of Tongmai Tangyanming capsule in clinic by evaluating its acute toxicity, so as to ensure clinical medication safety. [Method] The test was designed according to ＂Technique Requirements of Research of New Chinese Medicine＂ and ＂Guide for Research of New Chinese Medicine＂, mice were intragastrically administrated with Tongmai Tangyanming capsule at a maximum concentration and a maximum volume, and the acute toxic response of mice was observed, so as to determine medi- na lethal dose （LDso） and maximum administration dosage of Tongmai Tangyanming capsule. [Result] The LD^o could not be detected in the test, and the maximum administration dosage of mouse was calculated to be 112.104 g of dried herbs/（kg.d）, equivalent to 260 times of clinical dose of adult. [Conclusion] Chinese herbal compound Tongmai Tangyanming capsule has low acute toxicity, and its clinical dose is safe and reliable.

Intraocular complications of IFN-α and ribavirin therapy in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C

We report a panel of severe inflammatory and vascular intraocular disorders occurring during interferon-alpha （IFN-α） treatment in eight hepatitis C virus （HCV）- infected patients. These events include three cases of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada like （VKH） disease （an association of panuveitis, retinal detachment, ear and meningeal detachment and skin and hair changes）, two cases of central retinal vein occlusion, one case of central retinal artery occlusion, one case of severe hypertensive retinopathy and one case of bilateral ischemic optic neuropathy with severe visual impairment. Rare as they are, such severe ophthalmological complications require a close follow-up of HCV-infected patients under IFN-α breabnent with ophthalmological monitoring if any ocular manifestation occurs.

Inhibition of Fish Nodavirus by Gymnemagenol Extracted from Gymnema sylvestre

Viral nervous necrosis(VNN)has emerged to become a major problem in the culture of larval and juvenile marine fish worldwide.Bioactive phytochemicals isolated from commonly available medicinal plants are often screened for their efficacy in controlling fish viral diseases.Occurrence of newer viral strains and resistance to existing antiviral drugs are problems currently as-sociated with treatment of VNN,which necessitates looking for alternate sources for effective antiviral drugs.The aim of the present study was to screen antiviral potential of gymnemagenol(C30H50O4)previously extracted from leaves of Gymnema sylvestre.The fish nodavirus,grouper nervous necrosis virus(GNNV)in infected Sahul Indian Grouper Eye(SIGE)cell lines were used to study the antiviral activity of gymnemagenol under in vitro conditions.The susceptibility of the virus to gymnemagenol was confirmed by measuring the viral titre(TCID50 mL?1)in virus-infected SIGE cells every 24 h.Gymnemagenol at 20 μg mL?1 inhibited the prolifera-tion of GNNV to 53% at the end of the 6th d by inhibiting the proliferation of GNNV-infected SIGE cells.The viable SIGE cells were reduced to 47% as determined by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay.The viral titre(TCID50 mL?1)was also reduced to log 2.8 at the end of the 7th d in gymnemagenol-treated SIGE cells after inoculated with GNNV when compared to untreated control SIGE cell viral titre(log 4.1).Based on our results it can be concluded that gymnemagenol could be used as an antiviral agent against GNNV infection.

Effect of externally applied Jidesheng anti-venom on skin and soft-tissue necrosis after Chinese cobra bite: a retrospective study

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of Jidesheng anti-venom used externally for skin and soft-tissue necrosis from Chinese cobra bite.METHODS: A retrospective review was performed according to the clinical data recorded from January 2002 to December 2012. A total of 126 patients(116 females and 10 males) with skin and soft-tissue necrosis due to Chinese cobra bite were divided into two groups. The control group was treated externally with 40% glyceride magnesium sulfate(n=52), and the treatment group was given Jidesheng anti-venom externally(n=74). The data collected included maximum local necrotic area of skin and soft tissues, de-tumescence time, healing time,and skin-grafting rate.RESULTS: There were no significant differences in gender, age, and disease condition between the control and treatment groups(P>0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in de-tumescence time between the two groups(P>0.05). The maximum local necrotic area of skin and soft tissues was(19.9 ± 7.3) cm2in the treatment group,while it was(23.3±6.4) cm2in the control group.The healing time of the treatment group was shorter than that of the control group [(32.1 ± 3.7) vs(34.4±4.5) days)] The skin-grafting rate in the treatment group was lower than that of the control group(10.81% vs 25.00%). There were statistically significant differences in maximum local necrotic area of skin and soft tissues, healing time, and skin-grafting rate between the control and treatment groups(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: External application of Jidesheng anti-venom may help to promote wound healing and reduce the skin-grafting rate in cases of skin and soft-tissue necrosis due to Chinese cobra bite.

Nine Pathogenic Fungi of Waterhyacinth Isolated in China

The native pathogens of waterhyacinth in China, were studied and compared on pathogenicity by Koch＇s postulate. Nine pathogenic fungi, YBH, YBB, YB, YYX, YY, YBA1, YBA2, YBA3 and YYB12, were isolated from diseased waterhyacinth plants, and collected from Zhejiang province and Shanghai. According to cultural characteristics, the nine isolates were preliminarily identified. Isolates YBH and YBB were Collectotrichum sp.; YB, YYX and YY were placed in fungi imperfecti; the isolates YBA1, YBA2, YBA3 and YYB12 were Alternaria sp. The isolate YBH was the highly virulent with a disease index （DI） of 65.28% after one month inoculation. The isolate YBA3 was equily virulent, with the disease index of 6770 after 7 day introduction. These two pathogens appear to have the potential as biocontrol agents and they deserve further study.