家庭教育中“比文化”之心理剖析

＂别拉了,你看你拉的什么破玩意,是曲子吗？什么调呀!平时都是怎么学的,怎么跟人家王紫月一起学二胡,人家拉得就那么好,你就这么差呢……＂我连珠炮般的一番轰炸,女儿早已坐在那里哭成了泪人。看着小脸上的眼泪,我也于心不忍,但即使是这样,我也从来不放松对她的督促。

Homo-urbanicus and Human-centered Planning

Homo-urbanicus is a planning concept which treats a human being as a rational animal with distinct material,social and intellectual characteristics,and a human settlement as a space in which human beings seek and offer opportunities for connection.Human-centered planning is the application of classical Natural Law(balance between self-preservation and mutual preservation)to the matching of human needs and human settlements.

Application of cross-cultural cognitive pragmatic analysis to translation education

Translation is cross-cultural activity existing between two different language signs. In the process of translating, translators can not get out of the influence of cultural elements. From the angle of cross-cultural pragmatic contrasting, the author makes analysis of the problems of difference existing between the volume of information borne or transmitted between two different language signs in the process of translating under the influence of cultural elements, and points out that to study these problems, translators must consider a series of problems about cross-cultural cognitive context. This article also makes cross-cultural pragmatic contrastive analysis in world view difference, register difference, imaginative difference and metaphor difference. The author introduces the method of cross-cultural pragmatic contrastive analysis and suggests taking a series of measures to improve translation education.

Legal Impediments to Proper Cultural Heritage Management in Ethiopia： An Assessment on Three Proclamations

This article examines the legal impediments to proper cultural heritage management in Ethiopia in light of three successive Ethiopian governments’ proclamations on cultural heritage conservation. It provides a brief overview of the meaning and types of cultural heritages as well as the evolution of the concept and practice of the protection and preservation of cultural heritages. Having critically analyzed the basic essences of the legal provisions of the cultural heritage conservation proclamations of the Imperial, the Military （Derg）, and the reigning governments, the article argues that the decrees issued mainly reflect the political philosophy of the three respective regimes. As a result, the second legal provision is not better than the first one, and within the same logic, the third is more expected to mitigate the problems related to cultural heritage management than the second one. Nevertheless, it is an open secret that the destruction and loss of cultural heritages in Ethiopia are increasing from time to time. Finally, the article provides conclusions consisting of recommendations to address the legal impediments to proper cultural heritage management in Ethiopia.

『竹取物語』と『斑竹姑娘』の比較研究

『竹取物語』は「物語の出で来はじめの祖」と『源氏物語』総合卷に記されているように、日本で現存する最古の物語文学である。その求婚難題の部分は中国四川省のアバ.チベット族に伝わる『斑竹姑娘』という物語に酷似しているため、本稿は両物語の異同点を分析することにより、両者の主題と中日文化の異同点について検討しようと思う。

A Cross-Cultural Comparison of the Issue of Self-Knowledge in Sophocles＇ Oedipus Tyrannus, Shakespeare＇s Hamlet and the Bhagavadgita

Greek and Shakespearean tragic truth emerges from pollution, moral brokenness, and pain. This also applies to the tragic truth of the Indian epics, except that this karmic kind of truth is not considered decisive. Crucial in the Indian case is cosmic truth, and Hindu cosmic truth is never produced out of pollution or pain. In Arjuna＇s case, Krishna＇s revelatory knowledge is religiously saving knowledge, whereas in Oedipus＇ case, Apollo＇s and Teiresias＇ revelatory knowledge is religiously dooming knowledge. In Hamlet＇s case, religiously saving knowledge is an object of theological speculation and of philosophical doubt. In the Hindu case, self-knowledge means absolute knowledge and ultimate liberation; in the Greek case, self-knowledge means self-discovery and the recognition of human fragility; in the Shakespearean case, self-knowledge means self-exploration and doubting oneself.

A Qualitative Analysis of How and Why People Use SNSs： A Cross-cultural Comparison of Korea and the U.S.

While participation in Social Network Sites （SNSs） has grown rapidly in recent years and is a highly popular and global phenomenon, only few research examined how the different cultural values and attitudes impact the way people adopt and use this new media platform. Employing qualitative approach, this study attempts to uncover the cross-cultural differences in motivations and behavioral patterns for using SNSs among the Korean and American users. The finding of this study shows the explicit differences in the motivations and strategies for using SNSs between Korean and American users, which is supported by the independent and interdependent self-construals theory proposed by Markus and Kitayama （1991）. The motivational themes and usage patterns emerged from Korean participants are more other- or relationship-focused, pursuing social/emotional support, while those of Americans are more ego- or self-focused, pertaining to entertainment or information seeking.

Trickster or Colonizer： The Latent Effects of Colonialism in Efua Sutherland＇s Play The Marriage of Anansewa

The essay analyzes the play written by the late Efua Sutherland （from Ghana） and shows the effects of colonization among the Ghanaians. First, it explores the historical inroads made by the colonizer in West African countries, such as Ghana, causing the debilitation of the culture of such countries by erasing its history. One way in which such erasure occurred was in the destruction of sacred sites of the people. Further connections will also be made to West African cultural contexts with the history of colonization in Africa and its effects on popular culture, specifically drama in countries like Ghana. Next, the essay draws upon the role of the trickster figure of Ananse, the spider who features in many West African and Caribbean folkloric traditions. Sutherland＇s play revolves around the main character of the play, Ananse, and he is likened to the trickster figure, but the essay shows how this figure is also debilitated by the colonizer. Finally, in the play, one notes that despite the main character＇s ＂victory＂ in getting his daughter married to the ＂Chief-Who-ls-Chief＇, he does it for his survival and the survival of his daughter in a world in which the latent effects of colonization has hampered the memory and culture of its people.

Discussion on the Underlying Causes of the Modem Western Culture Comparative Study

The main underlying causes of the comparison study of Chinese and Western culture are mainly cultural psychology and social development. From the perspective of cultural psychology, cultural identity and the identity of consciousness induced homeland is subjective motivation. From the development point of view of social reality, it is the inevitable response to objective requirements of dra-matic social transformation, cultural awareness promotion and cultural innovation.

Rerouting King Lear in a Jingju Actor＇ s Reminiscence： Wu Hsing-kuo＇s Lear Is Here

Jingju actor and director Wu Hsing-kuo＇s （吴兴国） Lear Is Here （2001） is a 90-minute solo performance adapted from Shakespeare＇s King Lear and performed injingju style. In this performance, he alternately performs 10 male and female characters including himself injingju role types ofsheng （male）, dan （female）,jing （painted face）, mo, and chou （clown） in search 0f dual identities. This paper will investigate Wu＇s performance in Lear Is Here from three directions： First, how Wu subtly combines Shakespearean dramatic tension and psychological complex, his versatilejingju performing styles, and Brechtian alienation effect in developing his unique artistic flair？ What are at stake of such an eclectic performance？ Second, in the rooting and re-routing of both Shakespearean plays andjingju acting style where Wu Hsing-kuo meets King Lear, how Wu articulates the meticulous details of both source culture and target culture while at once extracting them out of context to interweave and re-articulate them into an eclectic intercultural theater？ Third, investigating the cultural exchange, bicroleurs, audience reception, and production mode of the work, the author will try to do away with the ＂authenticity＂ or ＂representativeness＂ of either the East or the West, but explore the possibilities of the hybrid theater in search of alternative aesthetic and emerging performance genre

Island of Music Embraces National Violin Competition

The 8th National Violin Performance Competition, under the auspices of Chinese Cultural Ministry and sponsored and organized by Qingdao Municipality, took place in the city of Qingdao from September 17 to 26. 87 contestants from a dozen of prestigious music conservatories from across the country competed in the nal round, presenting high-level art galas to this beautiful seaside city.

Cultural Orientation Through Public Speaking Contests

Learning about culture is an integral part of learning a fbreign language. Participating in speech contests gives language learners a good opportunity to know more about the culture of the target language. Such contests allow students to learn how to write a speech for a particular audience, how to introduce a speaker, how to deliver a speech, and how to say ＂thank you＂ to the speaker. Participation in speech contests can promote insight and understanding through a comparison of American culture and the students＇ native culture. Such comparison is intended to promote better understanding of both cultures.

Comparable Study of Xylanase Production from Aspergillus niger via Solid State Culture

With the high availability of agricultural wastes in Malaysia, green energy is practical to be conducted. Thus, a research on the modification of the physical conditions of the solid state culture system, specifically different initial moisture content, fermentation temperature, inoculums size and different percentage of carbon and nitrogen sources were conducted to compare the usage of two different lignocellulosic materials which were oil palm frond and banana petiole respectively. After using a conventional method （one factor at a time）, the optimum fermentation conditions would be a combination of 70% initial moisture content （v/w）, at 28 ~C fermentation temperature with supplementation of 1% sucrose （w/w） and 1% peptone using 1 mL of inoculum in order to achieve highest xylanase production which was 1,711.87 U/mL and 1,579.60 U/mL for oil palm frond and banana petiole respectively. It was suggested that oil palm frond showed higher xylanase production compared to banana petiole.

Comparison between the Chinese time view and the western view

The difference between the Chinese time view and the western time view originates from agricultural civilization＇s inertia and industrial civilization＇s feeling way. This time coordinate controls people＇s behavior, awareness of concepts, industrial relationship, interpersonal relationship and value orientation. Different cultures bred different time conceptions and time behaviors. This paper mainly talks about the aspects of their differences. When different time views are reflected in cross-cultural communication, conflicts and obstacles of interpersonal communication may arise. With the development of social economy and cultural communication, the time views of Chinese culture and western culture have impacts on each other and are gradually integrated with each other.

Teaching Cultural Strategies for Undergraduate Chinese-English Translation in Chinese Context

Although in China, ordinary translation theories favor the foreignizing strategy in translating culture, and outside China, there are opposing strategies between the cultural studies school and deconstructionist school, translation teachers should be fully aware of their respective revelations and limitations to translation teaching. This paper holds that in undergraduate C-E （Chinese-English~ translation teaching, the linguistic strategy is assimilation rather than alienation, thus, idiomaticness and preciseness should be emphasized. In teaching cultural translation strategy, first, we should promote students＇ cultural competence, which includes culture perceptive competence, culture comparison competence, culture evaluation competence, and culture mediation competence. Second, we need differentiate cultural strategies to translate literary and practical materials. In translating practical materials, functionality determines adaptation or exoticization; in translating literary materials, when cultural factor is the topic of writing, exoticization is employed for the main except that part of politeness system in institutional culture, abstract concrete conversion and description affection model in spiritual culture are adapted. When cultural factor is the background of writing, it is the target text aestheticality and readership intertextuality that determine adaptation or exoticization.

Radio Soccer Commentary as Reconstruction and Performance of Political and Social-cultural Reality： The Case of Kenya in the 1980s

This paper has developed the argument that live radio soccer commentary （LRSC） is a representation of soccer match events at one level but a performance of dominant socio-cultural and political trends of the societies at another level that produce and consume them. This echoes Reaser＇s （2003） and Ryan＇s （1993） perceptions of sports announcer＇s talk as a complex performance form based on but not limited to the ＂verbal imitation＂ of live sport events. We have understood the performativity of the LRSCs in the light of Schechner＇s （2006） emphasis of what he termed ＂restored behaviour＂ in understanding performance. In our context, we have treated the interpenetration of Kenyan soccer, politics, and society as the ＂restored behaviour＂ upon which the script of the LRSCs are based. The methodological apparatus of this paper is largely qualitative, consisting in the critical analysis of audio-recordings of Kenyan LRSCs. Focus is made on the Kenyan society of the 1980s, an era perceived to have been characterized by a close interaction between soccer, society, and politics. The analysis is informed by Fabian＇s （1997） inter-textual approach to the ＂reading＂ and interpretation of performance texts. This approach seems to echo a wider discourse of the social nature of media-text interpretation that has been proposed by Burn and Parker （1985）. Conclusions drawn from the analysis reveal what Muponde and Zegeye （2011） had described as a soccer ＂ecosystem＂ involving soccer as a sport, and the socio-cultural realities of its immediate context. This paper has argued thatLRSC is one of the channels through which this ecosystem is expressed.

Reconstructing Zagwe Civilization

The Zagwe period is believed to be the richest and most artistic period of Ethiopian civilization since the conversion of Ezana though its achievements have been virtually consigned to obscurity. One of the ideological weapons which aggravated this obscurity is arguably the deep-rooted allegiance of the Kebra Nagest to the Solomonic dynasty. Contemporary researchers on Kebra Nagest seem to have underestimated the ideological onslaught of the Kebra Nagest on the Zagwe period that their contributions to the medieval Ethiopian civilization have been virtually shrouded in mystery. Thus, expatriate and compatriot authorities on the medieval Ethiopian cultural history are called upon to revisit the impacts oftbe Kob~ NSg^gt on the Zagwe period from the other end of the telescope, thereby, to reconstruct the unsung achievements of Ag^w civilization.

The Influence of Social Dimensions on Bribery in Public Sector Institutions in Libya

This paper investigates social dimensions in the Libyan family and their relationship to the common practice of bribery. In Libya, bribery is most noticeable in administrative contexts where other practices such as favouritism, fraud and forgery are also found. The paper aims to make an original contribution to knowledge in a little-researched area by examining social dimensions and cultural practices. The paper is based on the basic assumption that there is a relationship between accepting bribes and social dimensions surrounding the family in Libya and will thus also examine bribery as a social culture, by means of a set of variables such as gifts, promises, assistance and loans. The study took place in Benghazi, Libya, where the number of employees exceeded 200. The study was conducted using an interpretative epistemology and a quantitative method. Data were collected using quantitative research instruments and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences （SPSS） was used to analyse the data. The findings of the study suggest that there is a relationship between family relationships, social status and the commission of the crime of bribery except for variables of social status and cultural background, in addition to the social relationship＇s effect on administration.

Rhizomic Identity, Performative Identity, In-Becoming Identity of the Characters in Maryse Cond6＇s Narratives

In Western culture, the symbol of the tree which divides into branches and has a foliage of the same lineage as its roots is the best symbol for describing identity and also for describing the Cartesian reasoning which proceeds by eliminating misconceptions and following thesingle true idea. In the West Indies culture, it is the rhizome that is the best symbol to describe the identity of these peoples. The rhizome as explained by Deleuze and Gattari in their Introduction Rhizome of the book .4 thousand plateaus, is a tuber that makes roots after being cut off from its original plant. In this respect, it is most appropriate to describe the people of the Caribbean who have been cut off from their African roots by slavery but who have thrived on the island, re-establishing links with the different peoples who came to work there. The rhizome is similar to the mangrove that protects the island from marine erosion, it intertwines with other plants so that it is impossible to distinguish the source plant. In this respect, it is the best symbol to describe the creole identity and the refusal of the West Indians to return to a racial and social system that promulgated the white race as superior to the black race during colonialism. The structure of the books of Maryse Cond6 is itself rhizomatic since it does not present the theme of its stories through the view point of an omnipotent author but through the view points of all the characters of the novel who by their discussions letthe reader discover their terrible history of slavery, and transform himinto a new man who would seek diversity.

Review of Issues of Language Assessments for Non-native Speakers of English

The paper reviews issues in language assessment, especially pertaining to the challenges faced in examining non-native speakers of English. The review revealed that low proficiency levels of well-established standard varieties of English affect the test achievement of non-native speakers across the world. Furthermore, the absence and improper evaluation of English tests, coupled with poor educational systems in Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean lead to very low achievement in English. Based on the review, the paper recommends the use of accommodation, culture-specific designed tests, and more research as remedy for the problems. Areas of future research for Africa and specifically, Ghana are recommended.