文化“汇流”:华人艺术家周文中与中华文化对外传播途径研究

努力提高中华文化的国际影响力是目前及未来一段时间我国对外传播工作的重中之重。而要提高国际影响力就要打破世界文化舞台上的“西方中心主义”,为中华文化的对外交流与传播创造有利条件。在这个问题上,著名美籍华人作曲家周文中倡导并践行的东西方文化“汇流”理念具有重要的借鉴意义。首先,传统与现代的汇流推动东西融合、古今一体,促进传统文化创新性发展。其次,经验与情感的汇流可以增进认知,建立好感,营造顺畅、有利的传播环境。最后,本土与国际的汇流有助于培养重视艺术传统、具备国际视野、贯通中西的艺术接班人。据此,以周文中为代表的华人艺术家借助中西方在“知识上”和“情感上”的共通之处,破除了“西方中心主义”并为中华文化更好地“走出去”创造了条件。其有益经验为不同文明交流互鉴、共同发展及当代中华文化对外传播提供了借鉴。

柳·色·新:文化内涵、审美特征与音乐形态——从标题解读周文中的钢琴曲《柳色新》及其“汇流”

钢琴曲《柳色新》是周文中根据王维《送元二使安西》诗意和古曲《阳光三叠》创作的一首钢琴独奏曲,其标题“柳色新”三字都是具有深意的。全曲表达出基于“柳”的文化内涵,基于“色”的审美特征,基于“新”的音乐形态,最终体现出周文中“汇流”的音乐观念。

周文中先生对中华母语音乐文化的坚守

以民族音乐学的视角,对当代美籍华裔作曲家周文中先生的作品内涵及其创作风格进行探讨,可以分析他作品中的东方文化精神,解读出他在田野实践中倡导的对中国传统音乐文化进行"保育"的观念、他的中华母语音乐文化和音乐"汇流"观,并展示他半个多世纪以来对中华母语音乐文化的坚守、传承与创新及对东、西方音乐文化交流做出的积极贡献。

Carbon Sink Effects in Conversion of Farmland to Forest Project in Karst Drainage Basin——A Case of Hongfenghu Drainage Basin in Guizhou Province

[Objective]Study on carbon sink effects in Conversion of Farmland to Forest Project in Hongfenghu drainage basin in order to provide evidences for assessing carbon sink potential of conversion of farmland to forest in Guizhou Province.[Method]By investigating the implement of Conversion of Farmland to Forest Project in Hongfenghu drainage basin from 2000 to 2006,the carbon sink amount and effect of seven main tree species in the foreat region like Cunninghamia lanceolata,Cryptomeria fortunei,Amygdalus persica,Prunus salicina,Armeniaca vulgaris,Camptotheca acuminate and Catalpa bungei were calculated,based on which the amount of forest carbon sinks in Hongfenghu drainage basin in 2015 was estimated.[Result]Biomass storage and carbon sink amount in middle and young aged forests were increasing over time from 2000 to 2006,which reached 1.05×107 kg by 2006 and would engage more and more potential.Cunninghamia lanceolata has the superior carbon sink capacity in the seven tree species in the research region,of which the amount of carbon sink per unit area will be 106.51 t/hm2 by 2015,followed by Cryptomeria fortunei with the amount of carbon sink per unit area by 99.42 t/hm2.Armeniaca vulgaris has the weakest carbon sink capacity of all the seven species with the amount of 13.03 t/hm2.The total amount of carbon sink in seven tree species was 2.35×107 kg,while the average amount of carbon sink per unit area was 26.17 t/hm2,which could produced economic benefit of 7.17×106 yuan calculated on the price of 305.0 yuan/t or 5.91×106 yuan calculated on the price of 254.1 yuan/t.[Conclusion]Economic benefits of carbon sink effects of Conversion of Farmland to Forest Project in Hongfenghu drainage basin were great with huge appreciation potential.

Managing injuries of hepatic duct confluence variants after major hepatobiliary surgery:An algorithmic approach

AIM:To investigate injuries of anatomy variants of hepatic duct confluence during hepatobiliary surgery and their impact on morbidity and mortality of these procedures. An algorithmic approach for the management of these injuries is proposed. METHODS:During a 6-year period 234 patients who had undergone major hepatobiliary surgery were retrospectively reviewed in order to study postoperative bile leakage. Diagnostic workup included endoscopic and magnetic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (E/MRCP), scintigraphy and fistulography. RESULTS:Thirty (12.8%) patients who developed postoperative bile leaks were identified. Endoscopic stenting and percutaneous drainage were successful in 23 patients with bile leaks from the liver cut surface. In the rest seven patients with injuries of hepatic duct confluence, biliary variations were recognized and a stepwise therapeutic approach was considered. Conservative management was successful only in 2 patients. Volume of the liver remnant and functional liver reserve as well as local sepsis were used as criteria for either resection of the corresponding liver segment or construction of a biliary-enteric anastomosis. Two deaths occurred in this group of patients with hepatic duct confluence variants (mortality rate 28.5%). CONCLUSION:Management of major biliary fistulaethat are disconnected from the mainstream of the biliary tree and related to injury of variants of the hepatic duct confluence is extremely challenging. These patients have a grave prognosis and an early surgical procedure has to be considered.

Water Yield and Sediment Yield Simulations for Teba Catchment in Spain Using SWRRB Model: Ⅰ. Model Input and Simulation Experiment

Water yield and sediment yield in the Teba catchment, Spain, weresimulated using SWRRB (Simulator for Water Resources in Rural Basins)model. The model is composed of 198 mathematical equations. About 120items (variables) were input for the simulation, includingmeteorological and climatic factors, hydrologic factors, topographicfactors, parent materials, soils, vegetation, human activities, etc.The simulated results involved surface runoff, subsurface runoff,sediment, peak flow, evapotranspiration, soil water, total biomass,etc. Careful and thorough input data preparation and repeatedsimulation experiments are the key to get the accurate results. Inthis work in the simulation accuracy for annual water yieldprediction reached to 83.68/100.

Water Yield and Sediment Yield Simulations for Teba Catchment in Spain Using SWRRB Model: Ⅱ. Simulation Results

Simulated results of water yield, sediment yield, surface runoff,subsurface runoff, peak flow, evapo- transipiration, etc., in theTeba catchment, Spain, using SWRRB (Simulator for Water Resources inRural Basins) model are presented and the related problems arediscussed. The results showed that water yield And sediment yieldcould be satisfactorily simulated using SWRRB model. The accuracy ofthe annual water Yield simulation in the Teba catchment was up to83.68/100, which implied that this method could be effectively Usedto predict the annual or inter-annual water yield and to realize thequantification of geographic elements And processes of a river basin.

SECCL-based research on prefabricated chunks in achieving oral English fluency

Fluency on oral English has always been the goal of Chinese English learners. Language corpuses offer great convenience to language researches. Prefabricated chunks are a great help for learners to achieve oral English fluency. With the help of computer software, chunks in SECCL are categorized. The conclusion is in the process of chunks acquiring, emphasis should be on content-related chunks, especially specific topic-related ones. One effective way to gain topic-related chunks is to build topic-related English corpus of native speakers.

New technique for preparing A356 alloy semisolid slurry and its rheo-diecast microstructure and properties

A new technique for preparing semisolid slurry,namely,distributary-confluence runner(DCR),was combined with die-casting(DC)to conduct rheological die-casting(R-DC)of A356 alloy.The mechanism of DCR for semisolid slurry preparation was determined via numerical simulations and experiments.The microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 alloys prepared via DC and R-DC were studied.High-quality slurry containing numerous primary α-Al(α1-Al)with an average size of 49μm and a shape factor of 0.81 could be prepared via DCR.Simulation results indicated that the unique flow state and physical field changes during slurry preparation were conducive to accelerating the uniformity of melt temperature and composition fields,nucleation exfoliation,and spherical growth.Compared with the alloy prepared via DC,the tensile strength,yield strength,and elongation of A356 alloy prepared via R-DC increased by 19%,15%,and 107%,respectively.

Assessment of Diversity, Distribution, Conservation Status and Preparation of Management Plan for Medicinal Plants in the Catchment Area of Parbati Hydroelectric Project Stage-Ⅲ in Northwestern Himalaya

The developmental activities, particularly the construction of hydroelectric projects are causing a great loss of biodiversity in the Indian Himalayan Region. The Himaehal Pradesh, a part of IHR is well known for the development of hydroelectric projects. The Parbati H.E. Project is amongst the major projects of the State. The different stages of the project are all causing loss of biodiversity of the area. Stage Ⅲ of the Parbati H.E. Project is a run of the river scheme on the Sainj River downstream of Power House of Parbati H.E. Project Stage Ⅱ. The project shall utilize regulated discharge of Parbati H.E. Project Stage Ⅱ and inflow of River Sainj for power generation, and has been contemplated as a peaking station operating in tandem with Stage Ⅱ. The present study has been undertaken to see the impact of hydroelectric project on the biodiversity, particularly on medicinal plants. A total of 104 species of medicinal plants, belonging to different life forms, i.e., trees （23 spp.）, shrubs （22 spp.）, herbs （57 spp.） and ferns （2 spp.） were recorded. The species have been analyzed and studied for their distribution, classification, altitudinal zones, part （s） used, indigenous uses, nativity, endemism and rarity.Different parts of these species, such as whole plants, roots （including rhizomes and tubers）, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, stems, barks, spikes, nuts and insect galls are used by the inhabitants for curing various diseases and ailments. 3o species are native to the Himalayan region, 9 species native to the Himalayan region and adjacent countries also and 65 species are non-natives. 9 species are near endemics. Considering the whole Himalaya as a biogeographie unit （sensu lato）, the near endemics are endemic to the Himalaya. Among these species, Zanthoxylum armature is categorized as Endangered and Valeriana wallichii as Vulnerable. Hedychium spicatum, Rhus javanica, Berberis lycium, Thalictrum foliolossum, Salvia lanata, Rubia cordifolia and Bergenia ligulata may be considered as threatened species due to their over exploitation for trade. 90 species are propagated by seeds, 8 species by seeds and rhizomes/roots/tubers, 4 species by seeds and cuttings, and 2 species by sori. A management plan for the cultivation and conservation of the medicinal plants in the dam submergence area, and the commercially viable medicinal plants with high value in the catchment area is suggested.

An Empirical Formula for Suspended Sediment Delivery Ratio of Main River after Confluence of Debris flow

In order to calculate the suspended sediment discharge of the flood debris flows into the main river,a small scale flume test was designed to simulate the process of confluence of Jiangjia Ravine and Xiangjiang River in Yunnan province,China.By test observation and data analysis,suspended sediment discharge of Debris flow after its entry into the main river was found to have a close relation with the bulk density,the confluence angle of the Debris flow and the main river,the ratio between per unit width discharge of Debris flow and main river.Based on the measured and simulated results,and statistical analysis,an empirical formula was proposed for the suspended SDR(Sediment Delivery Ratio) of the main river after the confluence of Debris flow.Compared with the observed results of Debris flow in 2009,the error between the data calculated by the empirical formula and the monitored data is only about 10%.

High-efficiency calculation method for watershed rainfallrunoff routing using one-dimensional dynamic wave equations

Efficiency in solving the Saint-Venant equations for watershed rainfall-runoff routing is important in flood hydrology. This paper presents a high-efficiency numerical solution of one-dimensional dynamic wave equations(HEDWE) for watershed rainfall-runoff routing, in which the full momentum equation is written as a quadratic equation with only one unknown variable Q, water depth is derived from the continuity equation using the two-step predictorcorrector method, and the discrete scheme is the explicit upwind scheme. The results of numerical tests showed the HEDWE approach has several major advantages. 1) It is a stable numerical method, even for an initially dry area. 2) Its computational efficiency is higher than 4.76E+05 times/s. 3) It can be used for overland flow, river flow, and combinations thereof. The primary disadvantages of the HEDWE approach are its unsuitability for rapidly varying flow, such as dam-break floods.

On lexical characteristics of China English

China English is an English variety The paper, on the basis of the study of Asian characteristics of China English. influenced by Chinese culture and the way of Chinese thinking. English varieties, tries to describe and explain the lexical

Flood routing model incorporating intensive streambed infiltration

Flood routing models are critical to flood forecasting and confluence calculations. In the streams that dry up and disconnect from groundwater, the streambed infiltration is intensive and has a significant effect on flood wave movement. Streambed infiltration should be considered in flood routing. A flood routing model incorporating intensive streambed infiltration is proposed. In the model a streambed infiltration simulation method based on soil infiltration theory is developed. In this method the Horton equation is used to calculate infiltration capacity. A trial-and-error method is developed to calculate infiltration rate and determine whether the flood wave can travel downstream. A formula is derived to calculate infiltration flow per unit length. The Muskingum-Cunge method with streambed infiltration flow as lateral outflow is used for flood routing. The proposed model is applied to the stream from the downstream of the Yuecheng Reservoir to the Caixiaozhuang Hydrometric Station in the Zhangwei River of the Haihe River Basin. Simulation results show that the accuracy of the model is high, and the infiltration simulation method can represent infiltration processes well. The proposed model is simple and practical for flood simulation and forecasting, and can be used in river confluence calculations in a rainfall-runoff model for arid and semiarid regions.

Convective Assembly of Linear Gold Nanoparticle Arrays at the Micron Scale for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering

A convective assembly technique at the micron scale analogous to the writing action of a ＂pipette pen＂ has been developed for the linear assembly of gold nanoparticle strips with micron scale width and millimeter scale length for surface enhanced Raman scattering （SERS）. The arrays with interparticle gaps smaller than 3 nm are hexagonally stacked in the vicinity of the pipette tip. Variable numbers of stacked layers and clean surfaces of the assembled nanoparticles are obtained by optimizing the velocity of the pipette tip. The SERS properties of tile assembled nanoparticle arrays rely on their stacking number and surface cleanliness.

THE OPTIMAL HEDGE RATIO FOR UNCERTAIN MULTI-FOREIGN CURRENCY CASH FLOW

The paper extends the Adle and Dumas's simple regression approach of foreign currency hedging to the case of exposure to multiple foreign currencies and provides extension methodology.

The Ecological Importance and Influence of Land Use on Carbonic Anhydrase Activity of Waters in the Upstream Section of the Wujiang River Basin

Thirty-four sampling sites for surface water and twenty-seven sampling sites for ground water in areas of different land use were selected in the Wujiang River Basin, upstream section in Guizhou Province, China. Carbonic anhydrase （CA） activity in surface and ground water was analyzed and compared. The results show that CA activity was detected in all surface and ground water samples. In general, average CA activity in surface and ground water was highest from samples in arbor lands, followed by shrub lands, shrub and grass lands, agricultural lands, and residential areas. The average CA activity in ground water from arbor lands, shrub lands, and shrub and grass lands was higher than that in surface water. Water CA activity was positively correlated with HCO3- concentration in surface water and ground water. These results imply that the contribution of CA in water to the karst carbon sink potential of river basins warrants further extensive and in-depth research.

LEXICAL RICHNESS IN L2 ACADEMIC WRITING

This preliminary study investigates the relationship between lexical richness and communicative effectiveness in placement essays for graduate students whose first language (L1) is Chinese. Lexical richness is measured with Nation's web-based vocabulary profiler (Cobb, undated) software, and communicative effectiveness is scored by multiple raters. The structure of the study, lexical data compile review, results analysis, and teaching implications will be discussed. The study indicates that lexical richness needs to be taken into account in scoring the quality of writing. However, further investigation and analysis still need to be developed and discussed on the ongoing study.

Social networks improve leaderless group navigation by facilitating long-distance communication

Group navigation is of great importance for many animals, such as migrating flocks of birds or shoals of fish. One theory states that group membership can improve navigational accuracy compared to limited or less accurate individual naviga- tional ability in groups without leaders （＂Many-wrongs principle＂）. Here, we simulate leaderless group navigation that includes social connections as preferential interactions between individuals. Our results suggest that underlying social networks can reduce navigational errors of groups and increase group cohesion. We use network summary statistics, in particular network motifs, to study which characteristics of networks lead to these improvements. It is networks in which preferences between individuals are not clustered, but spread evenly across the group that are advantageous in group navigation by effectively enhancing long-distance information exchange within groups. We suggest that our work predicts a base-line for the type of social structure we might expect to find in group-living animals that navigate without leaders