关于史实真相与历史真实问题的辨析——以镇江之战的海龄殉难事件为例

在鸦片战争时期的镇江之战中,守将海龄殉难事件一时竟成聚讼之谜。在史实真相查实后,朝廷对海龄的嘉赏赐典,却遭到士民抵制。镇江民众抵拒的关键问题并不在其死亡之细故末节上,而依然聚焦于“尽忠殉国”大节方面。海龄悲剧性地自杀或自焚的史实真相,并不能成就其“尽节尽忠”的人生定评。时人在日常生活中琐碎片段的场景记录,已经立体地呈现了他原本鲜活而真实的形象。镇江失陷及其失陷后的惨剧与海龄“误国殃民,莫此为甚”的行为有着密切关联。海龄殉难的史实真相无法遮蔽历史的真实。

江海联运背景下的宁波舟山港港口竞争力评价研究

该文依托宁波舟山港江海联运发展背景,采用熵权TOPSIS法,分别选取港口的发展潜力、码头的基础条件、港口的吞吐能力、港口腹地经济四个一级指标,分别对2015~2016两年的时间里,宁波舟山港、上海港、深圳港、青岛港四个港口进行竞争力评价分析。并通过对港口间横向和纵向比较,分析宁波舟山港在江海联运发展策略下,各指标所代表反映的港口竞争力的敏感性变化,为宁波舟山港未来发展提供决策参考依据。

镁合金表面铈盐掺杂硅烷膜的腐蚀电化学行为

目的为进一步提升镁合金表面常规硅烷膜的耐蚀性能。方法在γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液中掺杂0.50 g/L硝酸铈,采用简单化学浸渍处理,在AZ91D镁合金基体表面制备了铈盐掺杂硅烷膜。借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了铈盐掺杂前后硅烷膜的表面微观形貌,通过开路电位-时间曲线、电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)和中性盐雾试验(NSS)研究了铈盐掺杂对5%Na Cl溶液中硅烷膜耐蚀性能的影响。结果铈盐掺杂硅烷膜比普通硅烷膜更厚且平整,其致密性、均匀一致性较好,完全覆盖了镁合金基体,已看不到磨痕。铈盐掺杂硅烷膜的稳定电位约为-1.31 V,且需要的稳定时间最长。铈盐掺杂硅烷膜具有更大的低频阻抗数值,有效遏制了侵蚀性粒子向镁合金基体的迁移和扩散,避免了镁合金基体发生阳极溶解反应。结论采用向硅烷溶液中添加硝酸铈的方法,能够在AZ91D镁合金表面制备出铈盐掺杂硅烷膜。由于铈离子在某种程度上修复了硅烷膜层中的微裂纹和缺陷,显著提升了硅烷膜的耐蚀能力。

Numerical Study of the Donghai Dam Impact on the Hydrodynamic Environment of Zhanjiang Bay

In this paper, the Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model （FVCOM） was employed and configured for 3 dimensional numerical simulations of tide and tidal current based on the field observations in Zhanjiang Bay. The model＇s results agree well with the field observed data. Based on the well validated model, the hydrodynamic fields of zhanjiang bay area were calculated both before the Donghai Dam constructing and after that. Compared the tidal level, current field, tidal capacity and water exchange ratio before the construction of Dohai dam with those after construction of the dam, we analyzed and get some conclusions of effects of Donghai Dam on Hydrodynamic environment of the Zhanjiang Bay.

Numerical simulation of typhoon- induced storm surge on the coast of Jiangsu Province,China,based on coupled hydrodynamic and wave models

In order to facilitate engineering design and coastal flooding protection, the potential storm surge induced by a typhoon is studied.Using an unstructured mesh, a coupled model which combines the advanced circulation （ ADCIRC ） hydrodynamic model and simulating waves nearshore （ SWAN ） model is applied to analyze the storm surge and waves on the coast of Jiangsu Province.The verifications of wind velocity, tidal levels and wave height show that this coupling model performs well to reflect the characteristics of the water levels and waves in the studied region.Results show that the effect of radiation stress on storm surge is significant, especially in shallow areas such as the coast of Jiangsu Province and the Yangtze estuary.By running the coupled model, the simulated potential flooding results can be employed in coastal engineering applications in the Jiangsu coastal area, such as storm surge warnings and extreme water level predictions.

Coastal Current Systems and the Movement and Expansion of Suspended Sediment from Changjiang River Estuary

This paper, with NOAA/AHHRR data for 2 years, discusses the expanding path and extent of suspended sediment from the Changjiang River, and the relationship between the suspended sediment expanding and coastal current systems by analyzing the thermal infrared imagery with the sediment imagery, which is acquired by correlating the atmosphere corrected AVHRR imagery with in-situ suspended sediment data. The coastal current systems affecting the sediment dispersal mainly include： the Taiwan Warm Current （TWC）, the Huanghai Sea Mixed Water （HSMW）, North Jiangsu near-shore current, and Zhejiang near-shore current etc. In winter, the current systems are stable. Their distribution affects the sediment from north Jiangsu expanding toward the Changjiang estuary in some degree .The front between Zhejiang coastal current and TWC blocks the expanding of sediment toward the sea. In the flood season, apart from the limitation by coastal current systems, the spatial and temporal distribution of suspended sediment is also affected by the runoff, which shows as the jet stream and fresh water. Spring and autumn are the transitional periods of the forming of expanding patterns of flood season and winter respectively. In addition, the re-suspended sediment caused by the wind wave may make the expanding range of near-shore sediment larger.

Responses of Apple Rootstock Leaf Structure on Water Stress

[Objective] The aim was to explore, leaf structure characters of Malus rockii and Malus robusta at drought and rewatedng. [Method] The research used Malus rockii and Malus robusta as test materials to conduct water stress treatment by water control and rewatering. [Result] Malus rockii consists of two layers of pal- isade tissue and Malus robusta consist of three layers of columnar cells. Leaf of Malus robusta is thicker, and the thickness of leaf palisade tissue-to-the thickness of spongy tissue ratio is higher. In contrast, leaf stoma of Malus rockii performs more sensitively to water change, and the stoma area after rewatering is 10 times as high as Malus robusta. Besides, after rewatering, SR grows higher, the thickness of leaf palisade tissue-to-the thickness of spongy tissue ratio declines of the two test materials, but the changes of Malus robusta prove more significant. [Conclusion] The two test materials are different in responses to drought and rewatering, and the leaf structure characters of Malus robusta changes obviously than that of Malus rockii during water variation in terms of resisting drought.

《次北固山下》语文教材注释补

王湾《次北固山下》是唐诗名篇,对诗的注释有多种,现行语文教材的注释有出处,但是不够准确。主要原因是对“海日”和“江春”的理解存在差异。通过验证唐代诗歌和地理著作,梳理诗歌脉络,我们认为海日是长江入海口看到的太阳,江春是长江上看到的春意。

Discussion on Feasibility of Adjustment Program for Jiangmen Chinese White Dolphin Provincial Nature Reserve

From the protection of Chinese white dolphin and living environment,and considering the industrial development in coastal areas,we put forward adjustment program for Jiangmen Chinese White Dolphin Provincial Nature Reserve. Meanwhile we analyzed the feasibility of this program by systematically focusing the effect of adjusted functional regions on Chinese white dolphin.

The Occurrence of Longfengshania in the Early Cambrian from Haikou, Yunnan, China

Well preserved Early Cambrian small individual megascopic carbonaceous algal fossils have been found from the Chengjiang Biota. This paper deals with the new megascopic algal fossils in the Early Cambrian also from Chengjiang Biota at Ercai Village, Haikou, Kunming, Yunnan, southwest China. Two new taxa, Longfengshania cordata sp. nov. and Plantulaformis sinensis gen. et sp. nov. are described here in detail. These new findings show that the Chengjiang Biota is high in species diversity of fossil algae and might offer new evidence for a better understanding of the Cambrian explosive biological evolution. Moreover, the fossils described here might belong to the megaalgal fossils according to detailed morphological study on the relationships of Longfengshania. Additionally, the occurrence of Longfengshania in the early Cambrian and the Neoproterozoic probably indicates a wide ecological tolerance and flexibility and apparently reflects its evolutionary conservation and a high degree of inherent genetic stability.

Quantifying Land Use Change in Zhejiang Coastal Region,China Using Multi-Temporal Landsat TM/ETM+Images

Landsat Thematic Mapper （TM） and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus （ETM＋） images in 1985, 1986, 1993, 1994 and 2001 were used to quantify the land use and land cover changes （LUCC） in the Zhejiang coastal region with a stratified unsupervised classification technique in conjunction with visual interpretation and to attempt an identification of the socioeconomic driving forces. In level I an overall accurate classification was achieved using a modified Anderson＇s Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ-level classification scheme. The overall accuracy of the land use classification at Anderson level Ⅰ were 89.7% （1985）, 91.6% （1993）, and 90.4% （2001）. The most rapid land use change was a dramatic increase in urban or built-up areas, which quadrupled from 1985 to 2001. Over 90% of this newly expanded built-up area was originally paddy fields or other croplands. In different parts of the Zhejiang coastal region, urban land expansion was spatially uneven. Temporally, land use development did not stabilized, and the two study periods of time （1985-1993 and 1993-2001） had different transition styles. Socioeconomic factors, such as gross domestic product, total population, and financial expenditure, were all highly correlated with the expansion of urban or built-up areas. Based on the degree of urban sprawl and socioeconomic factors, cities and towns were further divided into six subgroups, which may help decision makers improve land use for the region.

Late Quaternary sedimentary environmental evolution offshore of the Hangzhou Bay,East China——implications for sea level change and formation of Changjiang alongshore current

This study focuses on sedimentary environmental changes offshore of Hangzhou Bay, East China, since the Late Quaternary. AMS ^14C ages from core CJK10, lithologies, distribution of foraminifera, heavy minerals, and S and C1 elements show a fluvial terrace environment during -23.2-11.0 cal ka BP; a littoral to tidal-flat environment during 11.0-10.2 cal ka BP; and a shallow marine environment with a relatively low sedimentation rate （0.1-0.22 cm/a） since 4.3 cal ka BP. High depositional rates （-1.6 cm/a） from 10.9 to 10.2 cal ka BP resulted from sufficient accommodation space created by rapid sea level rise from -44 m to -33 m, from high sediment delivery by local rivers, and effective trapping of sediments by tidal-flat vegetation. The rate of sea level rise was variable; relatively high from 10.9 to 10.6 cal ka BP （2.1 cm/a）, and lower since 10.6 cal ka BP （1.2 cm/a）. The Changjiang alongshore current crossed the Hangzhou Bay to form the mud wedge on the inner shelf of the East China Sea later than 9.4 cal ka BP. The CJK10 site was a tide-dominated shelf environment and experienced erosion from approximately 9.4-9.2 cal ka BP to 4.3 cal ka BP. The depositional hiatus was caused by the Changjiang alongshore current, which was relatively weak during 9.4-7.5 cal ka BP and increased in strength during -7.5-4 cal ka BP. From -4.3 cal ka BP, a large amount of sediment from the Changjiang River was partly deposited on the continental shelf of Hangzhou Bay with some transported southward. Therefore, this study clarifies the history of Changjiang-derived sediment dispersal and deposition, although a detailed record of the changes in the Chang3iang alongshore current since 4.3 cal ka BP is difficult to obtain because of the scarcity of evidence.

Changes in Huanghe (Yellow) River estuary since artificial re-routing in 1996

With the combination of historical data, field observations and satellite remotely sensed images (Landsat TM/ ETM+ and CBERS), changes in Huanghe (Yellow) River estuary since 1996 when artificial Chahe distributary was built up were studied, mainly including water and sediment discharge from the river, tides, tidal currents, suspended sediment diffusion, coastline changes and seabed development. During following six and half years (up to the end of 2002), runoff and sediment loads into the river mouth declined dramatically. At the beginning of the re-routing, abundant sediment loads from the river filled up nearshore shallow water areas so that the newborn delta prograded quickly. With rapid decrease of sediment loads transported to the estuary, the delta retrograded. In 1997, subaerial tip of the abandoned delta receded 1.5km; its annual mean recession rate was about 150 m in following years. In addition, marine dynamic condition near the artificial outlet had also changed. Under the interaction of ocean and river flow, most of incoming sediment loads deposited in the vicin- ity of the outlet. Seabed erosion occurred at the subaqueous delta front. Between 1999 and 2002, erosion thick- ness averaged at 0.3 m in the subaqueous delta of 585.5 km2.

Observed residual currents off the Changjiang (Yangtze) River mouth in wintertime of 1959 and 1982

Data taken in the two large-scale ocean investigations in China in winter 1959 and 1982 are used to analyze the residual current off the Changjiang (Yangtze) River mouth in this paper. The current in wintertime off the river mouth consist of the Changjiang runoff, wind-driven current, coastal current, density-driven current and Taiwan Warm Current (TWC). The TWC occurs in wintertime off the mouth. The surface TWC reaches only to the east side of Dinghai, then turns southeastward. The bottom TWC can flow to the area off the Changjiang mouth along west slop of the submerged river valley (SRV) and to the area off the Subei coast. The simulated currents by 3D model are basically consistent with the observed currents, although the model was run with climatological forces and the observations was done in episodic time manner.

探讨血清中α_l-微球蛋白、同型半胱氨酸和胱抑素C在2型糖尿病肾病患者检测中的意义

目的探讨对2型糖尿病肾病患者实施相关临床指标进行检测的效果与临床意义。方法方便收集50例2型糖尿病肾病患者的临床资料予以回顾性分析研究,资料收集时间为2015年1月—2016年12月。将这50例患者设为实验组,另从同期在该院接受体检的人群中随机选择50名设为健康对照组。于清晨空腹状态下采集两组研究对象的静脉血,检测同型半胱氨酸以及胱抑素C水平。另收集两组的中段晨尿送检,采用免疫散射比浊法检测α_1-微球蛋白水平。结果两组研究对象在平均年龄以及平均体质量等方面情况基本相同,各项临床指标经比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对两组研究对象的α_1-微球蛋白、同型半胱氨酸和胱抑素C水平进行检测,记录检测结果并进行组间统计学比较可得,实验组检测水平分别为(19.85±5.02)mg/L、(15.78±3.12)μmol/L、(1.51±0.45)mg/L,均显著高于对照组的(3.75±1.27)mg/L、(9.12±2.35)μmol/L、(0.62±0.21)mg/L(P<0.05)。结论对2型糖尿病肾病患者的血清中α_1-微球蛋白、同型半胱氨酸和胱抑素C指标进行检测可较为直观的了解到患者的肾脏功能损伤情况,为临床诊治提供一定的参考依据。

The environment effect on fish assemblage structure in waters adjacent to the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary(1998-2001)

We collected fish abundance data in the Changjiang(Yangtze River) estuary and adjacent waters in November 1998,May 1999,November 2000,and May 2001.Using the data,we evaluated the characteristics of the fish assemblages at each site and investigated the effect of several environmental factors.We used a multivariate analysis,including community ordination methods such as detrended correspondence analysis(DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis(CCA),and two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN).We analyzed the biological community structure and environmental factors to determine their spatial distributions,temporal dynamics,and seasonal variations.Among the fish species,five exceeded 5% of the total abundance:Harpodon nehereus(42.82%),Benthosema pterotum(13.85%),Setipinna taty(11.64%),Thryssa kammalensis(9.17%) and Apogonichthys lineatus(6.49%).These were separated into four ecological assemblages:hypsithermal-saline,hypsithermal-brackish,hypothermal-brackish,and hypothermal-saline.We evaluated the degree of influence of environmental factors on the fish community.Our analyses suggested that environmental factors including water depth,salinity,turbidity,transparency,nutrient,and suspended matter formed a synthetic spatial gradient between the coastal and pelagic areas.Ecological and environmental factors changed temporally from 1998 to 2001,and drove the fish community succession.The environmental factors driving the fish community structure included bottom temperature,water depth,bottom and surface pH,surface total phosphorous,and bottom dissolved oxygen.This investigation was completed before completion of the Three Gorges Dam;therefore the results of this study provide an important foundation for evaluating the influence of the human activities.

Observed residual currents off the Changjiang (Yangtze) River mouth in summertime of 1959 and 1982

Data taken in two large scale ocean observations in China in summer 1959 and 1982 were used to analyze the residual current off the Changjiang (Yangtze) River mouth. The currents at surface off the mouth in July 1959 and 1982 flow northeastward and eastward due to the river discharge, the current speed was larger in1982 than in 1959. All the bottom currents flow landward due to baroclinic effect. The surface current was controlled by the river runoff and the Taiwan Warm Current (TWC). A return current at surface off the mouth was observed in September 1959. In general, the bottom currents were controlled by the TWC in most study area in addition to the runoff near the mouth. Although driven by 3-D model with the monthly averaged forces (river discharge, wind stress, baroclinic effect, open boundary water volume flux and tidal mixing) in August, the simulated circulations were basically consistent with the observed ones with episodic time manner.

Numerical simulation of construction project environmental impact on the tides and tidal currents in Aojiang offshore of Wenzhou

This paper have collected the measured tides and certain tidal current data in different stages of many projects during past three to five years near the Aojiang River. The harmonic method is used to analyze tide and tidal current data observed at five stations in the sea adjacent to Aojiang River. The results show that the tide is mainly regular and semidiumal in the sea near Aojiang of Wenzhou. The tidal amplitudes of M2 constituent are between 170 cm - 193 cm and the lags are between 260~ - 280~, According to the comparison of analytical results of harmonic constants of these stations in 2007, 2010 and 2011, the maximum change of tidal amplitudes and phase-lag range for the main semidiurnal tides （M2, $2, N2）, the diurnal tide （K1, O1） and the shallow water tide （M4, MS4, M6） are 1.8 cm - 4.4 cm and 3~ - 7~, respectively. After analyzing the tide and tidal current characteristics of Aojiang River, this paper uses an unstructured grid and Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model （FVCOM） to test the results of simulation. The simulated results agree well with the measured data. The new shoreline and depth which are produced by the construction projects closed in important major years, and the tide and tidal current field for the new shoreline and depth are constructed, which describe the superimposed influences of construction engineering in Aojiang estuary.

Mountain Effect and Differences in Storm Floods between Northern and Southern Sources of the Songhua River Basin

In this study, the differences in annual rainstorm changes in the Second Songhua River Basin and the Nenjiang River basin and their causes were compared from the perspective of mountain effects. The following results were drawn: (1) Altitude effect is the primary factor leading to increased rainstorms in the southern source; (2) Slope effect primarily leads to differences of the weather systems in the two sources, and thus cause the difference of the rainstorms; (3) Slope effect is responsible for the greater fluctuation in the observed floods in the southern source. These landform differences eventually lead to the differences in the characteristics of floods in the southern and northern sources. Commensurability method was used to identify the period of rainstorms in the southern and northern sources. The results showed that although rainstorms do not appear at the same time in the two sources they are characteristic of a 10 years' period in both areas. These results can serve as hydrological references for flood control and long-term flood disaster predictions.