[ Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of the inactivated vaccine in oil emulsion against Newcastle disease and Fowl cholera, and provide conditions for combined prevention and control ...[ Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of the inactivated vaccine in oil emulsion against Newcastle disease and Fowl cholera, and provide conditions for combined prevention and control of Newcastle disease and Fowl cholera. [ Method] The mixture of avian pasteurella multocida （type A） virulent strain 1502 and Newcastle disease virus attenuated strain La Sota was prepared into five batches of the inactivated vaccine in oil emulsion to use in the field test for assessing its safety and effects on immune protection of chicken, duck and goose. [ Result] The field safety test showed that there was no adverse reaction in the vaccinated chickens, ducks and geese. The field test of immune effect for chickens suggested that the titers of hemagglutination inhibition antibody for Nescastle disease virus （ ND-HI ） in 7 - 14 day- old chickens and 60 -90 day-old young chickens were 2 -3 log2 higher than the control group after being vaccinated for 3 weeks, which could last for more than 4 months. The protection rate against avian pasteurella multocida was over 75.0% and its immune effect could last for 6 months. The field test of immune effect for duck and goose indicated that the titers of ND-HI antibody were all higher than 4.2 log2 in vaccinated ducks and geese while lower than 2 log2 in the control group after being vaccinated for 3 weeks. The protection rate against avian pasteurella multocida in vaccinated ducks and geese was higher than 75.0% and 62.5% respectively. [ Conclusion] The binary vaccine is safe for poultry and has good immune effects.展开更多
Material dematerialization is a basic approach to reduce the pressure on the resources and environment and to realize the sustainable development. The material flow analysis and decomposition method are used to calcul...Material dematerialization is a basic approach to reduce the pressure on the resources and environment and to realize the sustainable development. The material flow analysis and decomposition method are used to calculate the direct material input (DMI) of 14 typical mining cities in Northeast China in 1995–2004 and to analyze the demateri- alization and its driving factors in the different types of mining cities oriented by coal, petroleum, metallurgy and multi-resources. The results are as follows: 1) from 1995 to 2006, the increase rates of the DMI and the material input intensity of mining cities declined following the order of multi-resources, metallurgy, coal, and petroleum cities, and the material utilizing efficiency did following the order of petroleum, coal, metallurgy, and multi-resources cities; 2) during the research period, all the kinds of mining cities were in the situation of weak sustainable development in most years; 3) the pressure on resources and environment in the multi-resources cities was the most serious; 4) the petro- leum cities showed the strong trend of sustainable development; and 5) in recent years, the driving function of eco- nomic development for material consuming has continuously strengthened and the controlling function of material utilizing efficiency for it has weakened. The key approaches to promote the development of circular economy of min- ing cities in Northeast China are put forward in the following aspects: 1) to strengthen the research and development of the technique of resources’ cycling utilization, 2) to improve the utilizing efficiency of resources, and 3) to carry out the auditing system of resources utilization.展开更多
China＇s largest private petroleum group-the Great United Petroleum Holding Co.,Ltd（GUPC） announced its establishment in Beijing on June 29th,marking that the private enterprises are moving from being decentralized ...China＇s largest private petroleum group-the Great United Petroleum Holding Co.,Ltd（GUPC） announced its establishment in Beijing on June 29th,marking that the private enterprises are moving from being decentralized to unification,China＇s private oil industry is entering on a new stage of development. GUPC as a conglomerate initiated by several domestic private petroleum enterprises will mainly be engaged in oil exploration and production,展开更多
In the present study, the chemical composition, antinociceptive effect and acute toxicity of essential oils（EOs） of Asarum heterotropoides Fr. Schmidt var. mandshuricum（Maxim.） Kitag.（AHM）, A. sieboldii Miq. var...In the present study, the chemical composition, antinociceptive effect and acute toxicity of essential oils（EOs） of Asarum heterotropoides Fr. Schmidt var. mandshuricum（Maxim.） Kitag.（AHM）, A. sieboldii Miq. var. seoulense Nakai（ASS） and A. himalaicum Hook. f. et Thoms. ex Klotzsch.（AH） were comparatively evaluated. A total of 55 compounds were identified in EOs of AHM, ASS and AH by GC-MS. Methyleugenol（20.16%–62.89%）, safrole（2.67%–32.42%）, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene（2.00%–18.59%） and eucarvone（1.52%–19.16%） were the major constituents of EO of AHM, and methyleugenol（48.35%–61.06%）, eucarvone（11.13%–13.93%） and elemicin（4.79%–11.14%） were the major constituents of EO of ASS. The EO of AH was different from that of AHM and ASS, in which patchouli alcohol（27.42%–51.95%） and elemicin（13.11%–42.23%） were found in a greater amount. Moreover, the antinociceptive effect of EOs of AHM（5.5, 11.0, 16.5 μL/kg） and AH（2.0, 4.0, 6.0 μL/kg） was comparatively assayed in acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate and formalin tests. The results indicated a weak central, but potent peripheral antinociceptive effect of EO of AHM, and more potent central and peripheral antinociceptive effect of EO of AH. The LD50 of the EOs of AHM and AH were 1.7 and 7.7 mL/kg, respectively. These findings suggest that EOs of AHM and AH possess evident antinociceptive activity and are probably safe within the range of its clinical doses. However, their chemical compositions are quite different. Therefore, AH can be clinically used as an herbal medicinal product with broad analgesic effects, but should not be confused with AHM and ASS used in traditional Chinese medicine.展开更多
文摘[ Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of the inactivated vaccine in oil emulsion against Newcastle disease and Fowl cholera, and provide conditions for combined prevention and control of Newcastle disease and Fowl cholera. [ Method] The mixture of avian pasteurella multocida （type A） virulent strain 1502 and Newcastle disease virus attenuated strain La Sota was prepared into five batches of the inactivated vaccine in oil emulsion to use in the field test for assessing its safety and effects on immune protection of chicken, duck and goose. [ Result] The field safety test showed that there was no adverse reaction in the vaccinated chickens, ducks and geese. The field test of immune effect for chickens suggested that the titers of hemagglutination inhibition antibody for Nescastle disease virus （ ND-HI ） in 7 - 14 day- old chickens and 60 -90 day-old young chickens were 2 -3 log2 higher than the control group after being vaccinated for 3 weeks, which could last for more than 4 months. The protection rate against avian pasteurella multocida was over 75.0% and its immune effect could last for 6 months. The field test of immune effect for duck and goose indicated that the titers of ND-HI antibody were all higher than 4.2 log2 in vaccinated ducks and geese while lower than 2 log2 in the control group after being vaccinated for 3 weeks. The protection rate against avian pasteurella multocida in vaccinated ducks and geese was higher than 75.0% and 62.5% respectively. [ Conclusion] The binary vaccine is safe for poultry and has good immune effects.
基金Under the auspices of Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40635030)National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China (No. 40571041)
文摘Material dematerialization is a basic approach to reduce the pressure on the resources and environment and to realize the sustainable development. The material flow analysis and decomposition method are used to calculate the direct material input (DMI) of 14 typical mining cities in Northeast China in 1995–2004 and to analyze the demateri- alization and its driving factors in the different types of mining cities oriented by coal, petroleum, metallurgy and multi-resources. The results are as follows: 1) from 1995 to 2006, the increase rates of the DMI and the material input intensity of mining cities declined following the order of multi-resources, metallurgy, coal, and petroleum cities, and the material utilizing efficiency did following the order of petroleum, coal, metallurgy, and multi-resources cities; 2) during the research period, all the kinds of mining cities were in the situation of weak sustainable development in most years; 3) the pressure on resources and environment in the multi-resources cities was the most serious; 4) the petro- leum cities showed the strong trend of sustainable development; and 5) in recent years, the driving function of eco- nomic development for material consuming has continuously strengthened and the controlling function of material utilizing efficiency for it has weakened. The key approaches to promote the development of circular economy of min- ing cities in Northeast China are put forward in the following aspects: 1) to strengthen the research and development of the technique of resources’ cycling utilization, 2) to improve the utilizing efficiency of resources, and 3) to carry out the auditing system of resources utilization.
文摘China＇s largest private petroleum group-the Great United Petroleum Holding Co.,Ltd（GUPC） announced its establishment in Beijing on June 29th,marking that the private enterprises are moving from being decentralized to unification,China＇s private oil industry is entering on a new stage of development. GUPC as a conglomerate initiated by several domestic private petroleum enterprises will mainly be engaged in oil exploration and production,
基金the National Science and Technology Support Program during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan of China(Grant No.2011BAI03B05)the Distinguished Professor Foundation of Liaoning Province of China of 2011,Innovative Drug Incubation Base Plan Project from Liaoning Province of China of 2013(Grant No.2013226027) National College Students Innovative and Entrepreneurial Training Program of China(Grant No.201310163019)
文摘In the present study, the chemical composition, antinociceptive effect and acute toxicity of essential oils（EOs） of Asarum heterotropoides Fr. Schmidt var. mandshuricum（Maxim.） Kitag.（AHM）, A. sieboldii Miq. var. seoulense Nakai（ASS） and A. himalaicum Hook. f. et Thoms. ex Klotzsch.（AH） were comparatively evaluated. A total of 55 compounds were identified in EOs of AHM, ASS and AH by GC-MS. Methyleugenol（20.16%–62.89%）, safrole（2.67%–32.42%）, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene（2.00%–18.59%） and eucarvone（1.52%–19.16%） were the major constituents of EO of AHM, and methyleugenol（48.35%–61.06%）, eucarvone（11.13%–13.93%） and elemicin（4.79%–11.14%） were the major constituents of EO of ASS. The EO of AH was different from that of AHM and ASS, in which patchouli alcohol（27.42%–51.95%） and elemicin（13.11%–42.23%） were found in a greater amount. Moreover, the antinociceptive effect of EOs of AHM（5.5, 11.0, 16.5 μL/kg） and AH（2.0, 4.0, 6.0 μL/kg） was comparatively assayed in acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate and formalin tests. The results indicated a weak central, but potent peripheral antinociceptive effect of EO of AHM, and more potent central and peripheral antinociceptive effect of EO of AH. The LD50 of the EOs of AHM and AH were 1.7 and 7.7 mL/kg, respectively. These findings suggest that EOs of AHM and AH possess evident antinociceptive activity and are probably safe within the range of its clinical doses. However, their chemical compositions are quite different. Therefore, AH can be clinically used as an herbal medicinal product with broad analgesic effects, but should not be confused with AHM and ASS used in traditional Chinese medicine.
