“硬指标”何以实现“软着陆”:治理重心下移背景下基层政策执行力提升的策略选择

为克服一刀切式的“粗糙摆平”问题,促进基层治理现代化,通过推动基层政策执行力提升,实现更为精简和规范的执行。在政策执行的能力视角下,构建“任务—策略—目的”的分析框架。通过对D县提升“执行力”的个案研究发现:在社会治理重心下移的背景下,面对进入基层场域的政策数量内容日趋增多,政策指标愈加“硬核”,这体现为“目标更加清晰、权责更加明确、奖惩更加分明”,基层通过提升政策执行力来实现政策的“软着陆”。通过以“合法性”构建打造纵向到底的执行链条,强化政策目标设定的权威性、认同性与可操作性,达成执行效率的“软着陆”;通过以“合理性”建构形塑检查验收机制,压实政策要求和工作责任,达成执行效果的“软着陆”;通过以“合情性”构建形成紧密型的组织化联结关系,激活基层政策执行的“神经末梢”和“内生动力”,以精准执行达成政策的降本增效,实现政策效益的“软着陆”。“法、理、情”融合为提升基层政策执行力策略提供了必要的基础、条件和要求,有助于打开治理重心下移背景下基层政策执行力提升的“黑箱”。

“法、理、情”的融合:消极“土政策”在乡村治理中何以存在和运行——以河南省瓮厢村土地调整为例

本文以河南省瓮厢村土地调整为例,在对该村土地调整中相关“土政策”进行梳理的基础上,对其第4次土地调整中的“外嫁女”和“新媳妇”分地事件进行分析,从“法、理、情”融合视角切入,探讨消极“土政策”在乡村治理中何以存在和运行。研究结果表明:分地“土政策”在相关利益主体中均能获得相应的社会承认,从而拥有了一定的合法性,这是其存在的前提条件;土地产权所带来的收益有限,农民地权敏感度不高,使分地“土政策”既未受到强烈的质疑也没有被取缔,这是其合理存在的客观条件;来自村庄关系网络的情感制约使分地“土政策”具有一定的合情性,这是其存在和持续运行的制约条件;消极“土政策”在合法性、合理性和合情性三个层面都能获得一定的保障,从而可以存在和运行。此外,中央的“不得调地”与村庄的土地调整不是二元对立的。在保证“不得调地”的政策大方向下,只有推进土地确权及其颁证工作的规范与完善,加快土地流转、土地规模化经营和土地租赁市场的培育,才能使土地承包关系中存在的张力得到最大限度的消解。

安邦定国的三大举措及其坐标

古今中外,安邦定国的举措多多,但无外乎讲究"综合",其核心乃"情、理、法"。社会管理创新,务要掌握精髓。"新时期,新综治",讲求法治综治、和谐综治、科学综治,即讲求"法、情、理",其亦有三大坐标。即:对官、民、匪都要一视同仁,均须讲究"情、理、法",但关键在于能对官讲法,能对民(特别是对弱势群体)讲情,能对匪讲理。

Application of rational emotive behavior therapy in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy

Objective:This study aimed to explore the effects of our rational emotive behavior therapy(REBT)program on symptoms,anxiety,depression,and sleep state in patients with colorectal cancer(CRC)undergoing chemotherapy.Methods:From October 2020 to May 2021,fifty-six patients with CRC in a hospital in the Hunan Province were randomly divided into an intervention group(n=28)and a control group(n=28).The patients in the intervention group completed a 6-week REBT program based on routine nursing care,including four courses:1)establish a relationship and formulate health files;2)group communications and study symptom management;3)continuously provide health knowledge and strengthen healthy behavior;and 4)review the treatment and summary.The control group maintained routine nursing care.The simplified Chinese version of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale Short Form(MSASeSFeSC),the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS),and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)scale were used to investigate and compare the intervention effects of the two groups at baseline(T1,before the intervention),four weeks(T2),and six weeks(T3)after the intervention.Results:The intervention group was significantly improved in symptoms,anxiety,depression,and sleep state,compared with the control group.At T2,MSASeSFeSC(24.43±4.26 vs.28.07±3.91),symptom distress(17.29±4.04 vs.19.39±3.59),symptom frequency(7.14±1.51 vs.8.68±1.42),HADS(13.68±3.38 vs.15.86±3.79),anxiety(3.89±1.85 vs.5.18±2.18),and depression(9.79±2.06 vs.10.68±2.23),showed that the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).At T3,MSASeSFeSC(23.89±3.54 vs.30.14±3.94),symptom distress(17.61±3.52 vs.21.32±3.57),symptom frequency(6.29±1.49 vs.8.82±1.47),HADS(11.82±2.57 vs.16.29±3.13),anxiety(3.21±1.64 vs.5.61±1.77),and depression(8.61±1.52 vs.10.68±1.81),showed that the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).The sleep state of the intervention group was better than the control group at T3,with decreased score of PSQI[4.00(3.00,8.00)vs.9.00(7.00,12.50),Z=-3.706,P<0.001].Conclusion:The 6-week REBT program can effectively improve the symptom,anxiety,depression,and sleep state of patients with CRC undergoing chemotherapy,which could as a care plan for patients with CRC who are repeatedly admitted to the hospital for chemotherapy.

Approach for Multiword Expression Identification in Natural Language Processing

In this paper, the authors are presenting the approach to extract the multiword expression （MWEs） from monolingual corpora. It both validates and generates multiword candidates. The multiword expression provides a list of candidates which are extracted and filtered according to the number of criteria and a set of standard statistical association measures. The generation of the multiword candidates is based on the surface forms, while the validation consists of series of criteria for removing noise using language independent association measures. For generating corpus count, it provides both a corpus indexation facility. Also, this approach allows easy integration with a machine learning tool for thecreation and application of supervised multiword extraction models if annotated data is available. The authors present the use of multiword in a standard configuration, for extracting MWEs from a corpus of general purpose English.

Removal of VOCs from Sudden Polluted Raw Water by Air Stripping

Volatile organic compounds （VOCs） are widely used in various industrial processes and generate water pollutions. VOCs removal from raw water is an important task for waterworks to guarantee drinking water security. The removal of VOCs such as chlorobenzene （CB） and ethylbenzene （EB） from raw water by air stripping was investigated under various conditions, inciuding the variation of temperature （5-30~C）, pH （3.5-10.5）, and air/water ratio （10-60）. The air stripping removal efficiency of VOCs decreased with VOCs concentration declining in water. And Henry＇s law constant was demonstrated as an indicator of the estimation of VOCs removal efficiency for air stripping. The effects of temperature and the ratio of air and water were found to play a great role in VOCs removal, but the effect of pH seemed to be negligible. This study demonstrates that air stripping provides a promising opportunity in removing VOCs in drinking water treatment, especially for the relatively high concentration of VOCs.

Contribution to sample failure probability plot and its solution by Kriging method

To analyze the effect of the region of the model inputs on the model output,a novel concept about contribution to the sample failure probability plot(CSFP) is proposed based on the contribution to the sample mean plot(CSM) and the contribution to the sample variance plot(CSV).The CSFP can be used to analyze the effect of the region of the model inputs on the failure probability.After the definition of CSFP,its property and the differences between CSFP and CSV/CSM are discussed.The proposed CSFP can not only provide the information about which input affects the failure probability mostly,but also identify the contribution of the regions of the input to the failure probability mostly.By employing the Kriging model method on optimized sample points,a solution for CSFP is obtained.The computational cost for solving CSFP is greatly decreased because of the efficiency of Kriging surrogate model.Some examples are used to illustrate the validity of the proposed CSFP and the applicability and feasibility of the Kriging surrogate method based solution for CSFP.