浅谈中职语文“活”水注入

俄国作家托尔斯泰曾经说过"成功的教学所需要的不是强制,而是激发兴趣。"课堂也不是教师一个人唱独角戏的地方。

Effect of ultrasonic and mechanical vibration treatments on evolution of Mn-rich phases and mechanical properties of Al−12Si−4Cu−1Ni−1Mg−2Mn piston alloys

Effects of ultrasonic vibration(UV)and mechanical vibration(MV)on the Mn-rich phase modification and mechanical properties of Al−12Si−4Cu−1Ni−1Mg−2Mn piston alloys were investigated.The results show that the UV and UV+MV treatments can significantly refine and fragmentize the microstructures.In addition,UV treatment can significantly passivate the primary Mn-rich Al15Mn3Si2 intermetallics.The formation mechanisms of refinement and passivation of the grains and non-dendrite particles were discussed.Compared with the gravity die-cast alloys,the UV and UV+MV treated alloys exhibit improved tensile and creep resistance at room and elevated temperatures.These results can be attributed to the refinement of theα(Al)grains and the secondary intermetallics,the increased proportion of refined heat-resistant precipitates,and the formation of nano-sized Si particles.The ultimate tensile strength of the UV treated alloys at 350℃ exceeds that of commercial piston alloys.This indicates the high application potential of the developed piston alloys in density diesel engines.

Vitality and storage condition of Syringa pollen

The fresh pollen vitality, the effect of different storage conditions on the pollen vitality, and the difference of vitality among the species of seven species of Syringa were determined in Shenyang, China. The results indicated that the pollen vi-tality (81.5%) of Syringa villosa was the highest among the seven tested species, followed by S. microphylla and S. meyeri, and that of S. oblata var. affinis was the lowest. The low temperature was the best condition for storage of pollen of Syringa, and the most proper temperature for the storage was 0-2 癈. The storability of S. microphylla was the best of all, and it could be stored over 60 days at the temperature of 0-2 癈, next was S. villosa and S. meyeri.

Effects of Sunflower Artificial Aging on Seed Vigor and Physiological Characteristics

[Objective]The aim was to study the effects of sunflower artificial aging on seed vigor and physiological characteristics.[Method] The varieties of seed germination capacity,vigor of germination,germination index,vigor index,peroxidase（POD） activity,superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity and malondialdehyde（MDA） content for four sunflower germplasms such as＇SunM20＇,＇Deep Purple Minle＇,＇Da San Kui Hua 4＇and＇Ji Kui 24＇were studied under high temperature and high humidity conditions（100% RH,45 ℃） for different days（0 d,2 d,4 d,6 d,8 d,10 d）.[Result]The result showed that the germination capacity,vigor of germination,germination index,vigor index,POD activity,SOD activity declined gradually with the increase of seed aging days,whereas MDA content enhanced by degrees;The diggerences of resistance to artifical aging existed among the four accessions,＇SunM20＇was the most resistant one,and exhibited the strongest seed vigor,highest activities of two protective enzyme（POD,SOD） and lowest content of MDA at the uniform condition,moreover,the seed vigor and protective enzyme activities of＇SunM20＇changed slowest among the four materials during the aging process.[Conclusion]The distinct reduction of POD,SOD activities maybe the main reasons for the decrease of sunflower seed vigor at the artificial aging,and the gradual accumulation of a few MDA accelerated seeds aging.

Influences of 5-ALA Application on Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Growth before Winter

[Objective] The aim of this paper is to investigate the influences of exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid （5-aLA） application on the growth and mechanism of winter oilseed rape （Brassica napus L.） before winter. [Method] For this purpose a split-plot experimental design with four treatments of seed soaking with 0,25,50 and 75 mg/L ALA solution （CK,A1,A2 and A3） was carried out from October 2009 to January 2010 in order to observe the influences upon the growth and relevant physiological indexes of Zhongshuang 9. [Result] Seed soaking with ALA solution significantly promotes the growth of double-9 before winter,which is probably due to the fact that ALA application enhances its photosynthesis,absorption of nutrients,and its anti-oxidation abilities. The research also finds that ALA treatment notably increases its photosynthetic pigment contents,root activities,leaf nitrate reductase activities,soluble sugar contents,antioxidase activities,and significantly decreases malondialdehyde（MDA） content. [Conclusion] These results indicate that seed soaking with 50 mg/L ALA solution might have a potential application in increasing the productivity of winter oilseed rape in agricultural management.

Characteristics of Retoon Rice Yield Components and Relationship of the Characteristics with Rate of Bud Emergence and Root Activity

[Objective] The aim was to study on characteristics of retoon rice yield components, and relationship of the characteristics with born bud rate and root ac- tivity of retoon rice before harvesting. [Method] Eighteen mid-season hybrid rice va- rieties approved recently were taken as materials in high-yield cultivation conditions. Characteristics of retoon rice yield components were analyzed, and relationship of yield components characteristics with the rate of bud emergence and root activity of retoon rice before harvesting was explored, based on related data. [Result] Highly- yielding retoon rice is characterized by high effective ear number （Xl） and high set- ting percentage （X4）; the number of germinated shoots the 5^＊ d after first-batch rice was cut is a key factor for retoon rice yield and was of positive correlation with re- toon rice seedlings and effective ears, with correlation coefficients at 0.80^＊＊ and 0.76^＊＊. In addition, bleeding sap was of positive correlation with grain number and setting percentage of retoon rice and correlation coefficients were 0.50^＊ and 0.48^＊＊, and of positive correlation with average panicle weight, with correlation coefficient at 0.63. [Conclusion] It is an effective way for the rate of bud emergence and root activity at lar ecological zones. mproving retoon rice yield to increase harvesting in the test sites and simi lar ecological zones.

Determination the Vigor of Rice Seed with Different Degrees of Aging with Ultraweak Chemiluminescence During Early Imbibition

用高灵敏度的单光子计数系统探测人工老化 (40℃ ,相对湿度 90 % ) 0、7、14和 2 1d的水稻种子吸胀初期的超弱化学发光强度变化 ,首次观测到水稻 (OryzasativaL .)种子吸胀初期超弱化学发光强度与其老化程度有关。加水激活水稻种子的超弱化学发光 ,其强度依赖于种子的老化程度。实验结果表明水稻种子的人工老化时间越短 ,则吸胀初期 (2 0～ 30min)超弱化学发光的强度越强 ,萌发率越高。水稻种子萌发率与超弱化学发光强度呈显著正相关。观测水稻种子吸胀初期超弱化学发光强度的变化可望成为检测种子老化程度的一种快速、简便、无损伤的新方法。

Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Cold Response of Seedling Vigor Traits in Rice

The quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for the seedling vigor traits under 12℃ cold water irrigation, such as the seedling height, the seedling fresh weight, the seedling dry weight, and their cold response index, were identified using an F2：3 population including 200 individuals and lines derived from a cross of indica and japonica ＂Milyang 23/Jileng 1＂ with microsatellite markers. All seedling vigor traits exhibited a continuous distribution near normal in F3 lines; these traits were quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes. Twelve QTLs conferring the seedling vigor traits under cold water irrigation were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 7, 8, and 12, which explained the observed phenotypic variance from 5.2% to 17.9%. Among them, qCSH2 and qCSH12 were located in RM262-RM263 on chromosome 2 and RM270-RM17 on chromosome 12, respectively, which were associated with the seedling height, qSDW12 and qCSDW1 were located in RM19-RM270 on chromosome 12 and RM 129-RM9 on chromosome 1, respectively, which were correlated with the seedling dry weight and its cold response index, and the explained 16.6%, 17.9%, 15.9%, and 16.2% of the observed phenotypic variation, respectively. These QTLs alleles were derived from cold-tolerant parent Jileng 1; the gene actions of the two front genes showed their additive effect, and the two genes belind showed dominant and over dominant effects, respectively.

Optimization of Fermentation Conditions of Acid Resistant α-amylase Producing Strain

[Objective] The aim was to optimize the fermentation conditions of acid resistant α-amylase producing strain. [Method] Based on the selection of an acid resistant α-amylase producing strain,the fermentation conditions including C,N contents and initial pH of culture medium,seed age,inoculum size,rotation speed of shake flask and fermentation temperature were optimized. [Result] The optimum fermentation conditions for acid resistant α-amylase producing strain were：seed age 14 h,inoculum size 8%,initial pH 5.5,fermentation temperature 35 ℃,rotation speed 150 r/min,the volume of inoculum broth 25 ml,C content 1.0% and N content 0.5%. [Conclusion] Under the optimum fermentation conditions,α-amylase activity reached 31.4 U/ml,which was 65.3 % higher than that before optimization.

Study on the Flowering Biological Characteristics of Prunus domestica × armeniaca

[Objective] The aims of this study were to understand the flowering biological characteristics of Prunus domestica ×armeniaca and analyze its differences with other apricot varieties and plum varieties. [Method] Taking three varieties of Prunus domestica ×armeniaca as the research object, the phenophase of blooming,morphology characteristics of floral organs and development characteristics of floral organs were observed, pollen amount, pollen viability and stigma receptivity were measured. [Result] The results showed that three varieties of Prunus domestica×armeniaca were in blossom in early April, the florescence were relatively late for 8-12 d comparing with the varieties of apricot, the florescence were relatively similar to the P. domestica L. Morphology characteristics of floral organs of three varieties of Prunus domestica×armeniaca had few differences, were relatively similar to two varieties of plum, and they all had high percent of middle-style and long-style flower.The pollen amount of three varieties of Prunus domestica ×armeniaca had a little differences comparing with two varieties of plum, but were lower than three varieties of apricot. There were some differences in pollen viability, the germination percentage of pollen of ‘Konglongdan＇ was relatively high, was 51.6%; The pollen amount of ‘Fengweihuanghou＇ was relatively high, was 880.8 per anther; ‘Weidi＇ had fewer pollen amount, and the pollen viability was just 2.1%; Three varieties of Prunus domestica ×armeniaca all had strong stigma receptivity on the bloom day, and the stigma receptivity continued exist until the day that 5 days after blooming. [Conclusion] The florescence of three varieties of Prunus domestica ×armeniaca were relatively concentrated, and the rate of pistil abortion was lowest, the variation intensity of stigma receptivity and sustainable time of three varieties of Prunus domestica×armeniaca almost had a little differences comparing with a variety of plum, but slightly more than three varieties of apricot.

Study on Seed Vigor of Rice Photo-ThermoSensitive Genic Male Sterile(PTGMS) Line with Low Temperature Storage

To explore the change rule of seed vigor and seed application technology of rice PTGMS lines with low temperature storage,Zhun S,Y58S,Feng S and Guangzhan 63-4S stored in the seed bank with the temperature of 8-10 ℃ and with the relative humidity of 55% for different years were used as the materials to study the properties of seed vigor,growth and development in the field, etc. The re- sults showed that the germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vigor index of rice PTGMS lines seeds showed downward trends as the time of low temperature storage prolonged,and all of the germination rates of the seeds within five years were over 60%. The conductivity in the soaked solution of seeds was significantly increased with the prolonged low temperature storage time. Seedling rate,root length,white root number,base stem width and seedling dry weight of seeds showed downward trends as the time of low temperature storage prolonged. There was no significant difference between two integral seedling qualities of seeds within 4-6 years in low temperature storage. Compared with the germination rate of low temperature storage seeds soaking for 6,12 and 24 h,the appropriate soak time of long time low temperature storage or low vigor seeds was 12 h. A serious natural aging phenomenon occurred in low temperature storage seeds after out of the storage. The germination rate of seeds placed under natural condition for 50 d decreased obviously. The duration from seeding to heading of Zhun S,Y58S and Feng S shortened as the time of low temperature storage prolonged, while the vari- ation of panicle duration of all PTGMS lines was not obvious. In conclusion, rice PTGMS line seeds with low temperature storage in 5 years could still be used nor- mally. However.seeds after low temperature storage should be sowed as soon as possible, and the soaking time of low vigor seeds should be shortened,and the possibility that the decreased duration from seeding to heading should also be con- sidered.

Effects of Salt Stress on Root Vitality of Limonium bicolor (Bunge) Kuntze

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different salt concentrations on the root vitality of Limonium bicolor （Bunge） Kuntze. [Method] Limonium bicolor （Bunge） Kuntze was treated with 0, 100, 200 and 400 mmol/L NaCl, respectively. After two weeks, root vitality, biomass and other physiological indicators were measured. [Result] Salt stress had significant influences on the growth of roots. Root vitality of Limonium bicolor increased firstly and reduced gradually with the increase of salt concentration. [Conclusion] The results indicate that Limonium bicolor has certain salt tolerance ability at low salt concentrations; under relatively high salt concentrations, Limonium bicolor roots can maintain high vitality; however, with the continuous increase of salt concentration, Limonium bicolor roots are damaged, with decreasing vitality.

Structure and Expression Analyses of a Gene Encoding Fructose-6-Phosphate, 2-Kinase/Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphatase from Maize

A full-length cDNA encoding fructose-6-phosphate, 2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase from maize (Zea mays L.) was cloned by the methods of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), and designated as mF2KP. The encoded protein is composed of two regions. Its COOH-terminal region is catalytic region and homologous to the enzymes from other eukaryotes; and its NH 2-terminal region is common and special region only in plant. A truncated fragment of mF2KP covering integrated catalytic region was expressed in Escherichia coli. The fusion protein had the activities of fructose-6-phosphate, 2-kinase as well as fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase. Northern blot showed that the transcript level of mF2KP in seedlings initiated from strong-vigor seeds is lower than that from weak-vigor seeds.

Effects of Fe content on photocatalytic activity of CaTiO_3-Fe_x

CaTiO 3-Fex was characterized by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometry system, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and UV-visible spectra. Effects of Fe content on photocatalytic activity of CaTiO3-Fex were investigated through measuring photocatalytic degradation rate of methylene blue. The results show that chemical compositions of CaTiO3-Fex remained unchanged with increasing Fe content from 0 to 4.745%. However, the light absorption ability of CaTiO3-Fex exhibited a significant increase with increasing Fe content. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue over CaTiO3-Fex followed the first-order reaction kinetics. Based on changes of the concentration of methylene blue and its degradation kinetics, CaTiO3-Fe0.474% has shown to have optimal photocatalytic activity. The degradation rate of methylene blue over CaTiO3-Fe0.474% was almost 100% under UV-visible light irradiation for 3.0 h. The kobs of methylene blue over CaTiO 3-Fe0.474% was 1.33 h-1 and was 7 times that over CaTiO3-Fe0.

Inactivation Kinetics of β-N-Acetyl-D-Glucosaminidase from Prawn (Penaeus vannamei) by Formaldehyde

β-N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminidase （NAGase, EC.3.2.1.52） is chitinolytic enzymes and disintegrate dimmer and trimer a composition of oligomers of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine （NAG） into monomer. Prawn （P. vannamei） NAGase is involved in digestion and molting processes. Some pollutants in seawater affect the enzyme activity causing loss of the biological function of the enzyme, which affects the exuviating shell and threatens the survival of the animal. The effect of formaldehyde on prawn （P. vannamei） β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase activity for the hydrolysis of pNP-NAG has been studied. The results show that formaldehyde, at appropriate concentrations, can lead to reversible inactivation of the enzyme, and the IC50 is estimated to be 1.05mol· L^-1. The inactivation mechanism obtained from Lineweaver-Burk plots shows that the inactivation of the enzyme by formaldehyde belongs to the competitive type. The inactivation kinetics of the enzyme by formaldehyde has been studied using the progress-of-substrate-reaction method described by Tsou, and the rate constants have been determined. The results show that k＋0 is much larger than k-0, indicating the free enzyme molecule is fragile in the formaldehyde solution.

A Comparative Study on the Leaf Characteristics and Root Vigor of Bowl Lotus under Hydroponics and Soil Culture

[Objective] The experiment aimed to study the growth characteristics of hydroponic bowl lotus. [Method] The lotus variety Hongxia was chosen as the experimental material. Two treatments, hydroponics and soil culture were set to measure their photosynthetic indices, chlorophyll content and root vigor, and to observe their leaf tissue structure and stomatal characteristics. [Result] The findings indicated that there are no differences in the leaf physiological indices between bowl lotus under hydroponics and soil culture, while the leaf stomata of hydroponic bowl lotus is bigger and its amount is larger than that of soil-culture bowl lotus. At the same time, the ratio of the palisade tissue thickness to spongy tissue thickness is small,and its leaf tissue structure is loose. The root vigor of hydroponic bowl lotus reached its summit earlier, then began to drop. Whereas, the root activity of soil-culture lotus sustained increasing, with vigorous growth. [Conclusion] Therefore, it indicated that hydroponic bowl lotus can adapt to the aquatic-culture environment well and quickly, meanwhile, it also enters into its aging period quickly and its growth cycle gets shorter.

Track Monitoring on Viability of Rice Germplasm Resources and Regeneration under Low Temperature Storage

53 rice germplasm resources warehoused during 1981-1984 were regarded as materials to monitor the viability at warehouse time and different years after warehoused. The results showed that seed germination rates of different rice germplasm resources assumed descending trend in storage, with annual decreasing rate between 0.12%-3.05% ; the seed germination rates of most cultivars were above 75% after stored for 26 years; forecasting analysis based on the germination rate of 75% as reference showed a huge difference of safe storage life for different rice germplasm resources, ranging from 12 to 50 years, even longer time. The results suggest that track monitoring on viability and regeneration of rice cultivars is of great importance for germplasm resources conservation.

Improvement of Cellulase Producing Capacity of Aspergillus niger by Ultraviolet Mutation

[Objective] The research aimed to breed the high-yield production strain of cellulase.[Method] Aspergillus niger was used as the starting strain,and a high-yield production strain of cellulase was selected after UV mutation treatment.[Result] Under the suitable condition,the strain 2（15） with the highest CMC production capacity was selected,which nearly increased 50% than that of the starting strain.[Conclusion] The research provided the foundation for its appliation in the feed production in the future.

Effect of mechanical activation on dissolution kinetics of neutral leach residue of zinc calcine in sulphuric acid

Neutral leach residue of zinc calcine （NLRZC） was mechanically activated by a stirring ball mill. Subsequently, the changes in physicochemical properties and dissolution kinetics in sulphuric acid were studied. The crystalline structure, morphology, particle size and specific surface area of the non-activated and mechanically activated NLRZC were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, particle size analyzer and volumetric adsorption analyzer, respectively. The characterization results indicate that mechanical activation （MA） induced remarkable changes in the physicochemical properties of NLRZC. The leaching experiments show that MA significantly enhances the leaching reactivity of NLRZC using the zinc extraction as evaluating index. After NLRZC is mechanically activated for 30 min and 60 min, the activation energy decreases from 56.6 kJ/mol of non-activated NLRZC to 36.1 kJ/mol and 29.9 kJ/mol, respectively. The reaction orders of the non-activated, 30 and 60 min activated NLRZC dissolution with respect to H2SO4 concentration were found to be 0.34, 0.30, and 0.29, respectively.

Photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped diopside

UV-visible light induced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) over Fe-doped diopside was investigated. The structure, composition, morphology and absorption property of UV-visible light of as-prepared samples were characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR and UV-vis DRS. The experimental results show that doping Fe3+ induced the formation of some new species in diopside, and promoted light adsorption property of diopside in UV-visible region. Photochemical reactivity of Fe-doped diopside obviously depended on the content of doping Fe3+. The diopside with 1.848% Fe3+ exhibited the superior photocatalytic activity with 95% degradation of MB under UV-visible light for 3 h. The photocatalytic degradation kinetics of MB over all samples showed the first-order reaction nature.