以生活“活水”活化地理课堂

高中地理教材中的知识多为概念化、抽象化的,形成了教学难点,导致学生畏难、厌烦。教师应在课堂教学中引入生活＂活水＂,将教学活动置于真实的社会生活中,从而活化地理课堂。

“活水”策略在高中生物教学中的应用

高中生物教学的课堂上普遍存在学生学习兴趣不浓厚、积极性不高的问题,导致学生上课睡觉或玩手机等现象司空见惯。为解决这种一潭死水的现状,现将＂活水＂策略引入高中生物教学中。

作文教学还是要多点“活水”

在当下愈演愈烈的应试教育面前,作文教学更是困扰语文教师的难题。要破解这个难题,语文教师必须练就真本领,投入真感情,在激发学生作文兴趣和作文教学的方法上多作有益探索,引入"活水",从而提高作文教学的实效性。

教学中应注意引进“活水”——浅谈语文教学的思路和方法

教学中适时引进‘‘活水”，能激发学生学习的兴趣，收到出乎意料的教学效果。文章拟从选用教法需要引进“活水”、分析课文需要引进“活水”、指导学生积累并运用知识需要引进“活水”及开展第二课堂需要引进“活水”四个方面进行初步探讨。

为语文课堂注入“活水”

语文教学的灵魂是“活”。“活”蕴含着学生的兴趣和创造性。教师激活课堂，学生快活学习，接受鲜活的人文知识与观念情趣。为语文课堂注入“活水”，让语文成为“活生生”的语文，成为“生活”的语文。

引入“活水”,激活思维——高中政治课堂生活化教学探析与实践

在传统教学模式中,政治课堂往往被视为理论知识的传授场所,忽视了与学生实际生活的联系,导致学生学习兴趣不高,教学效果不佳。为了改变这一现状,本文提出将“活水”引入高中政治课堂,实现生活化教学的理念。本文从生活化教学的内涵和特点出发,提出新课标背景下高中政治教师可以从教学内容、教学方法、教学评价三个方面制定生活化教学策略,包括选择贴近生活的教学内容,采用情境式、体验式的教学方法,实施过程性教学评价等,希望能为推动高中政治课堂教学改革、提高教学质量提供一定的参考价值。

建立“活水城市”促进生态健康和可持续发展

本文从城市雨水收集利用入手,对城市雨水收集利用与"活水城市"建设、生态健康和可持续发展之间的内在关系进了分析探讨。首次提出了"活水城市"的概念,建立"活水城市"有利于提高城市的生态健康,促进城市的可持续发展,是实现城市的生态健康、可持续发展的有效途径,是解决城市水资源科学利用的终极目标。

饮用“活水”益处多

流水不腐．如果长时间不流动或暴露在空气中，水很快会丧失活性，经常饮用这种水对人体健康不利。因此，专家建议人们多饮用有活性的水。

大学生英语写作难以提高的关键问题

关于大学英语写作教学、学生写作策略、情感因素和学生写作中的错误等研究的文章很多。但学生自身存在的诸多问题，尤其是语言材料匮乏问题更重，成了学生写作能力滞后的制约因素。学生的实际写作能力与要求相差甚远，而难以提高的关键问题应是缺乏基本的语言素材、写作技巧和写作实践这些“活水”。大量的阅读、背诵和写作实践便是“活水”的源泉。

Rural Domestic Wastewater Treatment through Anaerobism and Artificial Wetland

[ Objective] The study aimed to test capacity of sewage treatment with anaerobic ＋ artificial wetland. [ Method] By studying on the removal of conventional pollutants such as CODcr, SP, TP and NH4^＋-N with new wetlands, their impact on the capacity of sewage treatment. [Resuit]The CODcr removal efficiency could reach 70% -80% and the value of CODcr could be reduced from above 300.00 mg/L to blow 100 mg/L, the removal efficiency of SP and NH4^＋-N was 30% -40% when hydraulic load is 90 crn/d. [ Conclusion] When the concentration of CODcr, SP and NH4^＋ -N were below 300.00,2.50 and 15.00 mg/L, it＇s easy to achieve a more stable removal efficiency.

Analysis on Selection of Domestic Sewage Treatment Method in Rural Area

Based on the characteristics of the domestic sewage in rural district,four sewage treatment methods were analyzed.The results found that the optimum method was to process the domestic sewage on the spot,and it should be popularized and applied in rural area.

Problem and Countermeasure of Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment

With the development of rural economy, pollutions of rural sewage are in- creasingly serious. This paper introduces the characteristics of rural domestic sewage and the rural sewage treatment situation, and according to the problems of funds, management, process selection, policy and weak awareness of environmental protection in the rural domestic sewage treatment, puts forward relevant countermea- sures to ensure long-term operation of sewage treatment system, and achieve the purpose of improving rural water environment and protect the ecological environment in rural areas.

Study on Purification Efficiency of Vertical Flow Wetlands on Domestic Wastewater

The combination method of intermittent influent and vertical flow wetlands （VFW） was used in the test to treat the domestic wastewater. Four artificial wetlands including Typha latifolia wetland,Phragmites australis （P.H.） wetland,polyculture wetlands （Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis） and non-vegetation wetland were established in the test. The effects of hydraulic retention time （HRT） and plant species on pollutants removal efficiencies were studied. The results showed that when HRT=7,the treatment efficiencies of wetlands with plants for the removal of TN and NH＋4-N were up to 99.65% and 99.58%,respectively. For the control wetland,TN removal efficiency was up to 87.9% when HRT were 6 days,and NH＋4-N removal efficiency was up to 91.8% when HRT were 5 days. TP removal efficiencies of four wetlands were higher than 93% when HRT was 6 days. Through the studies on different plants,it was found that vegetation wetlands had better nitrogen removal efficiency than non-vegetation wetland. The treatment efficacy of Phragmites australis wetland and polyculture wetland was better than Typha latifolia wetland.

Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Cold Response of Seedling Vigor Traits in Rice

The quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for the seedling vigor traits under 12℃ cold water irrigation, such as the seedling height, the seedling fresh weight, the seedling dry weight, and their cold response index, were identified using an F2：3 population including 200 individuals and lines derived from a cross of indica and japonica ＂Milyang 23/Jileng 1＂ with microsatellite markers. All seedling vigor traits exhibited a continuous distribution near normal in F3 lines; these traits were quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes. Twelve QTLs conferring the seedling vigor traits under cold water irrigation were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 7, 8, and 12, which explained the observed phenotypic variance from 5.2% to 17.9%. Among them, qCSH2 and qCSH12 were located in RM262-RM263 on chromosome 2 and RM270-RM17 on chromosome 12, respectively, which were associated with the seedling height, qSDW12 and qCSDW1 were located in RM19-RM270 on chromosome 12 and RM 129-RM9 on chromosome 1, respectively, which were correlated with the seedling dry weight and its cold response index, and the explained 16.6%, 17.9%, 15.9%, and 16.2% of the observed phenotypic variation, respectively. These QTLs alleles were derived from cold-tolerant parent Jileng 1; the gene actions of the two front genes showed their additive effect, and the two genes belind showed dominant and over dominant effects, respectively.

Influence of Al-Mn master alloys on microstructures and electrochemical properties of Mg-Al-Pb-Mn alloys

Mg-Al-Pb alloy is one of the newly developed materials for the seawater activated batteries. As-cast Mg-6Al-5Pb and Mg-6Al-5Pb-0.5Mn alloys with different additions of Al-15%Mn （mass fraction）, Al-30%Mn and Al-50%Mn master alloys were prepared by melting and casting. Their microstructures were observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties, hydrogen evolution and mass loss of Mg-6Al-5Pb-0.5Mn alloys were studied. The results show that Mg-6Al-5Pb-0.5Mn alloy added with Al-50%Mn master alloy provides more negative corrosion average potential （-1.66 V）, smaller corrosion current density （7 μm/cm2） and lower free corrosion rate （0.51 mg·cm-2·h-1） than other alloys. This is probably attributed to the presence of Al11Mn4 phase, which facilitates the self-peeling of corrosion products and enlarges the electrochemical reaction area as well as enhances the electrochemical activity.

Competitive Strategies of Two Species of Co-occuring Tadpoles

We examined the competitive ability of larval toads （Bufo gargarizans ） and frogs （Rana kukunoris ） which co-occur in natural pools in the Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve. We measured the activity level, growth rate, mass at metamorphosis and larval period in a laboratory experiment. Tadpoles of B. gargarizans were significantly more active when food was abundant than scarce, while there was no significant difference in the activity of R. kukunoris tadpoles at different food levels. At low food availability, mass at metamorphosis and growth rate of R. kukunoris were significantly increased in the presence of B. gargarizans, whereas the presence of R. kukunoris had no significant effect on the mass and growth rate of B. gargarizans. In all treatments, the larval period of B. gargarizans at low food availability was the shortest. These results suggest that B. gargarizans can adapt to different food levels by changing their activity rate. At high food level, B. gargarizans increased activity to gain more food. At low food level, B. gargarizans decreased activity and achieved early metamorphosis. However, when food resources were limited, R. kukunoris could gain more food than B.gargarizans .

Treatment of Domestic Sewage by Channels Constructed Wetland in New Countryside

[Objection] The aim was to study application of channels constructed wetland in treatment of domestic sewages in new countryside. [Method] Supported by construction of new rural areas project in China, we surveyed on new rural areas in Gannan, Jiangxi Province, summarized source, characteristics and treatment of domestic sewage in countryside, and designed channels constructed wetland for sewage treatment. [Result] The technique is proven effective in sewage treatment. After the technique was conducted for a trial run for four months, removal rates of COD, TP and TN averaged 73.07%, 73.25% and 72.36%, respectively. After contin- uous sampling for six times, effluent COD was analyzed 20-35 mg/L, TP was 0.60- 1.19 mg/L and TN was 6.88-11.21 mg/L, better than that of Standard 1B ruled by Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant. [Conclusion] Thanks for low investment, channels constructed wetland can be built by trans- formation of bottom land, proving a good way for treatment of diffuse pollution source and control of water non-point pollution.

柔性脂质体的促渗作用研究(英文)

In this article different types of ultradeformable liposomes were designed and the properties of transdermal delivery were studied with sodium salicylate as model drug. These results showed that liposomes with strong hydrophilic surfactant added is a new type of penetration enhancer.

散血明目片对外伤性增生性玻璃体视网膜病变兔眼玻璃体结缔组织生长因子的影响

目的探讨散血明目片对外伤性增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)的影响。方法用兔眼后节穿通伤加注入血浆法制备PVR模型,利用免疫组化法对正常组、模型组、活血利水组、活血化瘀组、利水明目组PVR中的玻璃体腔增殖膜CTGF进行检测。结果活血利水组增殖膜中CTGF的阳性表达低于模型组、活血化瘀组和利水明目组(P<0·05)。结论散血明目片能够降低PVR增殖膜中CTGF的阳性表达,抑制PVR的发生发展。

颠簸状态下制冷系统气液分离器性能的影响研究

主要针对混合工质两级喷射制冷系统在船舶出海条件下的运行稳定性进行了分析研究。气液分离器是喷射式制冷系统中一个较为重要的设备部件。内部液体的波动与飞溅,容易使得气液分离器出现出气带液的现象,而高压级喷射器引射的出气带液量对整个系统的工作性能会有一定的影响。本文通过数值模拟与试验研究的方法对系统中的气液分离器进行了研究,结果表明,25cm为内部最大安全液位。当分离器内部液位高于25 cm时,气液分离器的出气带液量会随着内部液面高度的上升而增加。另外,在分离器中增设挡板对内部液体的波动与飞溅有明显的抑制作用。