This paper focuses on studying a conformal invariance and a Noether symmetry, a Lie symmetry for a Birkhoffian system in event space. The definitions of the conformal invariance of the system are given. By investigati...This paper focuses on studying a conformal invariance and a Noether symmetry, a Lie symmetry for a Birkhoffian system in event space. The definitions of the conformal invariance of the system are given. By investigation on the relations between the conformal invariance and the Noether symmetry, the conformal invariance and the Lie symmetry, the expressions of conformal factors of the system under these circumstances are obtained. The Noether conserved quantities and the Hojman conserved quantities directly derived from the conformal invariance are given. Two examples are given to illustrate the application of the results.展开更多
A previously developed model was modified to derive three phytoplankton size classes (micro-, nano-, and pico-phytoplankton) from the overall chlorophyll-a concentration, assuming that each class has a specific absorp...A previously developed model was modified to derive three phytoplankton size classes (micro-, nano-, and pico-phytoplankton) from the overall chlorophyll-a concentration, assuming that each class has a specific absorption coefficient. The modified model performed well using in-situ data from the northern South China Sea, and the results were reliable and accurate. The relative errors of the size-fractioned chlorophyll-a concentration for each size class were: micro-:21%, nano-:41%, pico-:26%, and nano+pico:23%. The model was then applied on ocean color remote sensing data to examine the distribution and variation of phytoplankton size classes in northern South China Sea on a large scale.展开更多
Mineralogical, physical and chemical analyses of the soils derived from Xiashu loess were carried out. The primary minerals of these soils were found to be mainly composed of light minerals, such as quartz, feldspar a...Mineralogical, physical and chemical analyses of the soils derived from Xiashu loess were carried out. The primary minerals of these soils were found to be mainly composed of light minerals, such as quartz, feldspar and mica, with traces of heavy minerals. Clay minerals, more complicate in composition, were dominated by hydromica, accompanied by smectite, vermiculite, chlorite, kaolinite, 2:1/1:1 randomly interstratified minerals and small amounts of quartz, goethite, lepidocrocite and hematite, Clay minerals were characterized by low crystallinity and fine particle size. In light of the quartz/ feldspars ratio of the 0.01-0.05mm silt fraction, and the clay mineral composition, the freeness of iron oxide, and the silica/ sesquioxide and silica/ alumina ratios in < 0.002mm clay fraction, it is concluded that the weathering intensity of these soils was lower than those of red soil and yellow earth, but higher than that of brown earth, and that the soil allitization, depotassication and hydroxylation of clay minerals increased from west to east and from north to south geographically. However, this general tendency did not coincide exactly with the gradual alteration of the geographic coordinates, and in some places, a reverse tendency also appeared, which could be attributed to the influence of some soil forming factors such as parent material and microtopography.展开更多
We present basic theory of variable separation for (1 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations withmixed partial derivatives.As an application,we classify equations u_(xt)=A(u,u_x)u_(xxx)+B(u,u_x) that admits de...We present basic theory of variable separation for (1 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations withmixed partial derivatives.As an application,we classify equations u_(xt)=A(u,u_x)u_(xxx)+B(u,u_x) that admits derivative-dependent functional separable solutions (DDFSSs) and illustrate how to construct those DDFSSs with some examples.展开更多
The present study investigated the possible changes in the mixis potential of rotifer resting eggs produced by a single stock of Brachionus plicatilis and collected and preserved annually from 1985-1998. Several clone...The present study investigated the possible changes in the mixis potential of rotifer resting eggs produced by a single stock of Brachionus plicatilis and collected and preserved annually from 1985-1998. Several clones derived from each batch of resting eggs were cultured under the same conditions for 21 days. The percentage of clones appearing resting eggs and the average yield of resting eggs produced from each clone were recorded and statistically analyzed to find the differences between the mixis potential of those resting egg batches. Results showed that different batches of resting eggs had different mictic levels among their descendent clones; but no regular relationship was found between the mixis potential of resting eggs and their collection times/preservation periods. Several internal and external factors that might affect the mixis potential of resting eggs were discussed.展开更多
A class of normal-like derivatives for functions with low regularity defined on Lipschitz domains are introduced and studied.It is shown that the new normal-like derivatives,which are called the generalized normal der...A class of normal-like derivatives for functions with low regularity defined on Lipschitz domains are introduced and studied.It is shown that the new normal-like derivatives,which are called the generalized normal derivatives,preserve the major prop- erties of the existing standard normal derivatives.The generalized normal derivatives are then applied to analyze the convergence of domain decomposition methods (DDMs) with nonmatching grids and discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods for second-order el- liptic problems.The approximate solutions generated by these methods still possess the optimal energy-norm error estimates,even if the exact solutions to the underlying elliptic problems admit very low regularities.展开更多
Over the past decades, there were questions often asked: What is education? What is it purpose in the world whether it helps an individual or not to understand himself and connect his views with existing beliefs and...Over the past decades, there were questions often asked: What is education? What is it purpose in the world whether it helps an individual or not to understand himself and connect his views with existing beliefs and critical thinking about education to deal with daily practical challenges enable in a new way. The founder of instrumentalism philosophical school, John Dewey remarks that knowledge is practical instrument that purpose must be to solve all problems that a person encounters during his/her lifetime. According to instrumentalism theoretical concepts, theories are instruments by means of that relationship with surrounding world is established (communication becomes possibleS. Representatives of traditional epistemology make distinct difference between "world" and "mind". In accordance with Dewey's genetic epistemology mind, constitutes the result of living being-environment relationship as the universe is defined by our mind and the development of a human's knowledge is adaptive response to the environment.展开更多
Over the past decades, there were questions often asked: What is education? What is it purpose in the world whether it helps an individual or not to understand himself and connect his views with existing beliefs and...Over the past decades, there were questions often asked: What is education? What is it purpose in the world whether it helps an individual or not to understand himself and connect his views with existing beliefs and critical thinking about education to deal with daily practical challenges enable in a new way. The founder of instrumentalism philosophical school, ]ohn Dewey remarks that knowledge is practical instrument that purpose must be to solve all problems that a person encounters during his/her lifetime. According to instrumentalism theoretical concepts, theories are instruments by means of that relationship with surrounding world is established (communication becomes possible). Representatives of traditional epistemology make distinct difference between "world" and "mind". In accordance with Dewey's genetic epistemology mind, constitutes the result of living being-environment relationship as the universe is defined by our mind and the development of a human's knowledge is adaptive response to the environment.展开更多
In order to obtain novel secondary metabolites, a deep sea inhabiting fungus Aspergillus versicolor CXCTD-06-6a was investigated. One new diketopiperazine brevianamide W(1a), as well as five known diketopiperazine alk...In order to obtain novel secondary metabolites, a deep sea inhabiting fungus Aspergillus versicolor CXCTD-06-6a was investigated. One new diketopiperazine brevianamide W(1a), as well as five known diketopiperazine alkaloids, diketopiperazine V(1b), brevianamide Q(2), brevianamide R(3), brevianamide K(4), and brevianamide E(5), were isolated from the Et OAc extract of the fermentation broth. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopy techniques(NMR, MS). The six compounds exhibited moderate radical scavenging activity against DPPH with clearance ratio of 55.0%(1a and 1b), 53.7%(2), 46.2%(3), 61.4%(4) and 19.3%(5) at a concentration of 13.9 μmol L-1, respectively; while the positive control ascorbic acid showed a ratio of 70.3% at the concentration of 28.4 μmol L-1.展开更多
Impressionist Claude Monet was the most representative painter; he is not only the founder and terminator of Impressionism, but also the opener of modem painting. The artistic vitality of his life is extremely strong,...Impressionist Claude Monet was the most representative painter; he is not only the founder and terminator of Impressionism, but also the opener of modem painting. The artistic vitality of his life is extremely strong, unrivaled with an amazing number of works of Impressionism. Among the legacy, "classic" and "existence" works make up the most. The 1890s is the dividing line of Monet' s two periods of his creative career. It is also his most focused era of creation, called Monet back garden world" , where his works of all forms come out.展开更多
Relations between Corenstein derived categories, Gorenstein defect categories and Gorenstein stable categories are established. Using these, the Gorensteinness of an algebra A and invariants with respect to recolle- m...Relations between Corenstein derived categories, Gorenstein defect categories and Gorenstein stable categories are established. Using these, the Gorensteinness of an algebra A and invariants with respect to recolle- ments of the bounded Gorenstein derived category Dgbp(A-mod) of A are investigated. Specifically, the Goren- steinness of A is characterized in terms of recollements of Dbp(A-mod) and Corenstein derived equivalences. It is also shown that Cohen-Macaulay-finiteness is invariant with respect to the recollements of D^p(A-mod).展开更多
The concept of Koszul differential graded (DG for short) algebra is introduced in [8].Let A be a Koszul DG algebra.If the Ext-algebra of A is finite-dimensional,i.e.,the trivial module A k is a compact object in the d...The concept of Koszul differential graded (DG for short) algebra is introduced in [8].Let A be a Koszul DG algebra.If the Ext-algebra of A is finite-dimensional,i.e.,the trivial module A k is a compact object in the derived category of DG A-modules,then it is shown in [8] that A has many nice properties.However,if the Ext-algebra is infinitedimensional,little is known about A.As shown in [15] (see also Proposition 2.2),A k is not compact if H(A) is finite-dimensional.In this paper,it is proved that the Koszul duality theorem also holds when H(A) is finite-dimensional by using Foxby duality.A DG version of the BGG correspondence is deduced from the Koszul duality theorem.展开更多
Four tomato accessions, namely Ac 238, Roma, Seijima Jeisei and Varushanadu Local selected from preliminary screening of 321 accessions and their hybrid derivatives, namely HYtF: (Varushanadu Local × Ac 238), ...Four tomato accessions, namely Ac 238, Roma, Seijima Jeisei and Varushanadu Local selected from preliminary screening of 321 accessions and their hybrid derivatives, namely HYtF: (Varushanadu Local × Ac 238), HY2F1(Varushanadu Local × Roma), HY3F1 (Ac 238 × Roma) (first generation), HY1F2, HY2F2 and HY3F2 (second generation) were evaluated for their resistance in comparison with a susceptible check, 1979 against the leaf caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fab. both under field and laboratory conditions at Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India. In the field evaluation, accession Seijima Jeisei and hybrid HY3F1 recorded the minimum larval population. In glasshouse and laboratory studies, Seijima Jeisei was the least preferred by S. litura for both feeding and oviposition. The hybrid HYsF: exerted pronounced antibiosis effect on S. litura. Among the various biophysical and biochemical bases of resistance, contents of reducing sugar and phenol were found negatively correlated with S. litura larval feeding. Among the hybrids, HY3F1 and HY3F2 and the parent Seijima Jeisei recorded higher fruit yield per plant in both seasons. Considerable variation in the resistance traits of the hybrids was observed when compared with the parents.展开更多
Let A and B be finite-dimensional algebras over a field k of finite global dimension. Using some results of Gorsky in "Semi-derived Hall algebras and tilting invariance of Bridgeland-Hall algebras",we prove ...Let A and B be finite-dimensional algebras over a field k of finite global dimension. Using some results of Gorsky in "Semi-derived Hall algebras and tilting invariance of Bridgeland-Hall algebras",we prove that if A and B are derived equivalent,then the corresponding m-periodic derived categories are triangulated equivalent.展开更多
A non-representable cohomological functor of finite type of the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves of a compact complex manifold of dimension greater than one with no proper closed subvariety is given explic...A non-representable cohomological functor of finite type of the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves of a compact complex manifold of dimension greater than one with no proper closed subvariety is given explicitly in categorical terms.This is a partial generalization of an impressive result due to Bondal and Van den Bergh.展开更多
For a symmetrizable Kac-Moody Lie algebra g, Lusztig introduced the corresponding modified quantized enveloping algebra˙U and its canonical basis˙B given by Lusztig in 1992. In this paper, in the case that g is a sy...For a symmetrizable Kac-Moody Lie algebra g, Lusztig introduced the corresponding modified quantized enveloping algebra˙U and its canonical basis˙B given by Lusztig in 1992. In this paper, in the case that g is a symmetric Kac-Moody Lie algebra of finite or affine type, the authors define a set M which depends only on the root category R and prove that there is a bijection between M and ˙B, where R is the T^2-orbit category of the bounded derived category of the corresponding Dynkin or tame quiver. The method in this paper is based on a result of Lin, Xiao and Zhang in 2011, which gives a PBW-type basis of U^+.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10972151the Natural Science Foundation of Higher Education Institution of Jiangsu Province under Grant No. 08KJB130002
文摘This paper focuses on studying a conformal invariance and a Noether symmetry, a Lie symmetry for a Birkhoffian system in event space. The definitions of the conformal invariance of the system are given. By investigation on the relations between the conformal invariance and the Noether symmetry, the conformal invariance and the Lie symmetry, the expressions of conformal factors of the system under these circumstances are obtained. The Noether conserved quantities and the Hojman conserved quantities directly derived from the conformal invariance are given. Two examples are given to illustrate the application of the results.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.U0933005,41076014,40906021,41176035)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program)(No.2007AA092001-02)
文摘A previously developed model was modified to derive three phytoplankton size classes (micro-, nano-, and pico-phytoplankton) from the overall chlorophyll-a concentration, assuming that each class has a specific absorption coefficient. The modified model performed well using in-situ data from the northern South China Sea, and the results were reliable and accurate. The relative errors of the size-fractioned chlorophyll-a concentration for each size class were: micro-:21%, nano-:41%, pico-:26%, and nano+pico:23%. The model was then applied on ocean color remote sensing data to examine the distribution and variation of phytoplankton size classes in northern South China Sea on a large scale.
文摘Mineralogical, physical and chemical analyses of the soils derived from Xiashu loess were carried out. The primary minerals of these soils were found to be mainly composed of light minerals, such as quartz, feldspar and mica, with traces of heavy minerals. Clay minerals, more complicate in composition, were dominated by hydromica, accompanied by smectite, vermiculite, chlorite, kaolinite, 2:1/1:1 randomly interstratified minerals and small amounts of quartz, goethite, lepidocrocite and hematite, Clay minerals were characterized by low crystallinity and fine particle size. In light of the quartz/ feldspars ratio of the 0.01-0.05mm silt fraction, and the clay mineral composition, the freeness of iron oxide, and the silica/ sesquioxide and silica/ alumina ratios in < 0.002mm clay fraction, it is concluded that the weathering intensity of these soils was lower than those of red soil and yellow earth, but higher than that of brown earth, and that the soil allitization, depotassication and hydroxylation of clay minerals increased from west to east and from north to south geographically. However, this general tendency did not coincide exactly with the gradual alteration of the geographic coordinates, and in some places, a reverse tendency also appeared, which could be attributed to the influence of some soil forming factors such as parent material and microtopography.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10447007 and 10671156the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China under Grant No.2005A13
文摘We present basic theory of variable separation for (1 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations withmixed partial derivatives.As an application,we classify equations u_(xt)=A(u,u_x)u_(xxx)+B(u,u_x) that admits derivative-dependent functional separable solutions (DDFSSs) and illustrate how to construct those DDFSSs with some examples.
文摘The present study investigated the possible changes in the mixis potential of rotifer resting eggs produced by a single stock of Brachionus plicatilis and collected and preserved annually from 1985-1998. Several clones derived from each batch of resting eggs were cultured under the same conditions for 21 days. The percentage of clones appearing resting eggs and the average yield of resting eggs produced from each clone were recorded and statistically analyzed to find the differences between the mixis potential of those resting egg batches. Results showed that different batches of resting eggs had different mictic levels among their descendent clones; but no regular relationship was found between the mixis potential of resting eggs and their collection times/preservation periods. Several internal and external factors that might affect the mixis potential of resting eggs were discussed.
基金supported by The Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of China G10531080National Basic Research Program of China No.2005CB321702Natural Science Foundation of China G10771178.
文摘A class of normal-like derivatives for functions with low regularity defined on Lipschitz domains are introduced and studied.It is shown that the new normal-like derivatives,which are called the generalized normal derivatives,preserve the major prop- erties of the existing standard normal derivatives.The generalized normal derivatives are then applied to analyze the convergence of domain decomposition methods (DDMs) with nonmatching grids and discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods for second-order el- liptic problems.The approximate solutions generated by these methods still possess the optimal energy-norm error estimates,even if the exact solutions to the underlying elliptic problems admit very low regularities.
文摘Over the past decades, there were questions often asked: What is education? What is it purpose in the world whether it helps an individual or not to understand himself and connect his views with existing beliefs and critical thinking about education to deal with daily practical challenges enable in a new way. The founder of instrumentalism philosophical school, John Dewey remarks that knowledge is practical instrument that purpose must be to solve all problems that a person encounters during his/her lifetime. According to instrumentalism theoretical concepts, theories are instruments by means of that relationship with surrounding world is established (communication becomes possibleS. Representatives of traditional epistemology make distinct difference between "world" and "mind". In accordance with Dewey's genetic epistemology mind, constitutes the result of living being-environment relationship as the universe is defined by our mind and the development of a human's knowledge is adaptive response to the environment.
文摘Over the past decades, there were questions often asked: What is education? What is it purpose in the world whether it helps an individual or not to understand himself and connect his views with existing beliefs and critical thinking about education to deal with daily practical challenges enable in a new way. The founder of instrumentalism philosophical school, ]ohn Dewey remarks that knowledge is practical instrument that purpose must be to solve all problems that a person encounters during his/her lifetime. According to instrumentalism theoretical concepts, theories are instruments by means of that relationship with surrounding world is established (communication becomes possible). Representatives of traditional epistemology make distinct difference between "world" and "mind". In accordance with Dewey's genetic epistemology mind, constitutes the result of living being-environment relationship as the universe is defined by our mind and the development of a human's knowledge is adaptive response to the environment.
基金supported by Chinese National Science Fund (No. 41176120)Promotive Research Fund for Excellent Young and Middle-aged Scientists of Shandong Province (No. BS2010HZ027)+1 种基金Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No. 20100132120026)the Fifty First Postdoctoral Fund of China (2012M511552)
文摘In order to obtain novel secondary metabolites, a deep sea inhabiting fungus Aspergillus versicolor CXCTD-06-6a was investigated. One new diketopiperazine brevianamide W(1a), as well as five known diketopiperazine alkaloids, diketopiperazine V(1b), brevianamide Q(2), brevianamide R(3), brevianamide K(4), and brevianamide E(5), were isolated from the Et OAc extract of the fermentation broth. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopy techniques(NMR, MS). The six compounds exhibited moderate radical scavenging activity against DPPH with clearance ratio of 55.0%(1a and 1b), 53.7%(2), 46.2%(3), 61.4%(4) and 19.3%(5) at a concentration of 13.9 μmol L-1, respectively; while the positive control ascorbic acid showed a ratio of 70.3% at the concentration of 28.4 μmol L-1.
文摘Impressionist Claude Monet was the most representative painter; he is not only the founder and terminator of Impressionism, but also the opener of modem painting. The artistic vitality of his life is extremely strong, unrivaled with an amazing number of works of Impressionism. Among the legacy, "classic" and "existence" works make up the most. The 1890s is the dividing line of Monet' s two periods of his creative career. It is also his most focused era of creation, called Monet back garden world" , where his works of all forms come out.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11101259)
文摘Relations between Corenstein derived categories, Gorenstein defect categories and Gorenstein stable categories are established. Using these, the Gorensteinness of an algebra A and invariants with respect to recolle- ments of the bounded Gorenstein derived category Dgbp(A-mod) of A are investigated. Specifically, the Goren- steinness of A is characterized in terms of recollements of Dbp(A-mod) and Corenstein derived equivalences. It is also shown that Cohen-Macaulay-finiteness is invariant with respect to the recollements of D^p(A-mod).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 10801099,10731070)the Doctoral Program Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China (No. 20060246003)
文摘The concept of Koszul differential graded (DG for short) algebra is introduced in [8].Let A be a Koszul DG algebra.If the Ext-algebra of A is finite-dimensional,i.e.,the trivial module A k is a compact object in the derived category of DG A-modules,then it is shown in [8] that A has many nice properties.However,if the Ext-algebra is infinitedimensional,little is known about A.As shown in [15] (see also Proposition 2.2),A k is not compact if H(A) is finite-dimensional.In this paper,it is proved that the Koszul duality theorem also holds when H(A) is finite-dimensional by using Foxby duality.A DG version of the BGG correspondence is deduced from the Koszul duality theorem.
文摘Four tomato accessions, namely Ac 238, Roma, Seijima Jeisei and Varushanadu Local selected from preliminary screening of 321 accessions and their hybrid derivatives, namely HYtF: (Varushanadu Local × Ac 238), HY2F1(Varushanadu Local × Roma), HY3F1 (Ac 238 × Roma) (first generation), HY1F2, HY2F2 and HY3F2 (second generation) were evaluated for their resistance in comparison with a susceptible check, 1979 against the leaf caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fab. both under field and laboratory conditions at Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India. In the field evaluation, accession Seijima Jeisei and hybrid HY3F1 recorded the minimum larval population. In glasshouse and laboratory studies, Seijima Jeisei was the least preferred by S. litura for both feeding and oviposition. The hybrid HYsF: exerted pronounced antibiosis effect on S. litura. Among the various biophysical and biochemical bases of resistance, contents of reducing sugar and phenol were found negatively correlated with S. litura larval feeding. Among the hybrids, HY3F1 and HY3F2 and the parent Seijima Jeisei recorded higher fruit yield per plant in both seasons. Considerable variation in the resistance traits of the hybrids was observed when compared with the parents.
文摘Let A and B be finite-dimensional algebras over a field k of finite global dimension. Using some results of Gorsky in "Semi-derived Hall algebras and tilting invariance of Bridgeland-Hall algebras",we prove that if A and B are derived equivalent,then the corresponding m-periodic derived categories are triangulated equivalent.
文摘A non-representable cohomological functor of finite type of the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves of a compact complex manifold of dimension greater than one with no proper closed subvariety is given explicitly in categorical terms.This is a partial generalization of an impressive result due to Bondal and Van den Bergh.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.BLX2013014)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11131001)
文摘For a symmetrizable Kac-Moody Lie algebra g, Lusztig introduced the corresponding modified quantized enveloping algebra˙U and its canonical basis˙B given by Lusztig in 1992. In this paper, in the case that g is a symmetric Kac-Moody Lie algebra of finite or affine type, the authors define a set M which depends only on the root category R and prove that there is a bijection between M and ˙B, where R is the T^2-orbit category of the bounded derived category of the corresponding Dynkin or tame quiver. The method in this paper is based on a result of Lin, Xiao and Zhang in 2011, which gives a PBW-type basis of U^+.