“海关”与《红字》的同构关系

《红字》长篇序言"海关"的叙述者"我"和小说正文的主人公都经历了基本一致的内心旅程,这成为"海关"与《红字》之间同构关系的基础。这一内心旅程主要包括"原罪—彻底堕落"和"彻底堕落—称圣"两个阶段,呈现出"V"字型结构。霍桑创作《红字》,意在向当年受到自己先祖迫害的基督徒忏悔,替先祖赎罪。小说女主人公海丝特在犯罪后通过运用自由意志表现出基督之爱,走完了"V"字型的心理旅程。另一人物丁梅斯代尔牧师则在经历一段越走越黑暗的旅途后,完成了短暂的上升阶段。这一"V"字型结构既内在地规定着作者对人物命运的把握,又外化为小说的主体框架,形成两个文本之间的同构关系。

康熙创建“海关”

据历史记载,我国从秦汉朝代起就有中外贸易往来,张骞通西域又促进了这种贸易的发展。盛唐的丝绸之路,明代的郑和下西洋,更使中外贸易形成一定规模。早在隋朝,洛阳,长安就巳成为国际贸易中心。虽然这些贸易。

对“海关业务”课程教学的探讨

“海关业务”是国际经济与贸易专业及其它相关专业的重要实践性课程。上个世纪80年代以来，随着我国国民经济的迅猛发展和对外经济开放程度的加大，我国的进出口总额呈高速增长的势头，海关通关工作量也随之上升。加工贸易目前在我国的对外贸易中已占据半壁江山，地位日益重要。

基于1+1培养模式的“海关实务”课程教学改革研究

"海关实务"是一门实践性强、涉及面广的课程,通过该课程的学习,学生不仅要掌握大量的国际贸易与报关专业理论知识,而且要具备一定的海关通关业务操作技能。传统课堂式教学模式很难同时实现这两个目标。基于"海关实务"课程的特点及教学中存在的问题,探讨了1+1培养模式对该课程教学改革的优化。1+1培养模式不仅有助于提高教学方式的灵活性和有效性,还有助于提升教师和学生的实践操作能力。

“大刑侦”视域下专业警种的设置与规范

专业警种的设置是对环境保护、知识产权、食品药品安全等专业领域犯罪活动高发的应对之策,即通过成立"专业警察"实现对专业化犯罪的对口管控。但警种专业化实践在设置标准、职能界域和模式抉择等方面出现了诸多争议与问题,致使组织机构的变革未达到预期成效。应在"大刑侦"视域下进行专业警种的建制改革,应建立全国统一的专业警察建制,应选用"公安模式"而不是贸然采取"海关缉私模式",应明确专业警察的职责界域。还应注重专业警种的法治演进、人才培育等问题。

Distributional patterns of species diversity of main plant communities along altitudinal gradient in secondary forest region,Guandi Mountain,China

Fourteen plots were chosen along with the altitude of 1600-2600 m in Guandi Mountain, Shanxi Province, China to investigate all the trees in the plots, and the species diversity indexes were calculated for analyzing the effects of altitudinal gradient on plant species diversity. The results showed that the order of dominant species from low altitude to high altitude is as Quercus liaotungensis Koidz, Pinus tabulaeformis, Betula platyphylla, B. albo-sinensis, Picea wilsonii, P. Meyeri and Larix principis-rupprechtii. With altitude increasing, the average height and DBH of the arbor firstly increase and then decrease, the maximal height and DBH of the arbor present the unimodal variable trend, the maximal height of coniferous and broad-leaved trees firstly increases and then decreases, the maximal DBH of broad-leaf trees has no clear fluctuation, and the maximal DBH of the needle-leaf trees decreases gradually. Moreover, in middle altitudinal communities （the altitude of 1900-2200 m）, the maximal height and DBH of the needle-leaf trees are larger than these of broad-leaf trees. Both Shannon-wiener index and Margalef index of the communities present the unimodal variable trend, with a peak in the mid-altitude. Plant species diversity in the mid-altitude （1900-2200 m） is higher than that of the low altitude （1600-1900 m） and the high altitude （2200-2600 m）. In addition, the unimodal variable trend of α species diversity is clearly correlated with the altitudinal gradient. The change of plant species diversity is significantly correlated with the altitudinal gradient, and also related to the community structure, the community composition, the feature of species and the human disturbance.

Characteristics of Deposition of Inosine Monophosphate(IMP) and Intramuscular Fat(IMF) in Muscles of Jinghai Yellow Chicken and Its Crossbreeds

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of deposition of inosine monophosphate （IMP） and intramuscular fat （IMF） in muscles of Jinghai yellow chickens and its crossbred.[Method] The characteristics of IMP and IMF deposition of 112-day-old Jinghai yellow chickens （J×J） and its two different 70-day- old crossbreeds （J×B and B×B） were analyzed. The IMP content in breast muscle and leg muscle were determined by HPLC. [Result] The contents of IMP and cor- rected inosine monophosphate （IMPc） in breast muscle were significantly or ex- tremely significantly higher than that in leg muscle of the chickens in the three groups whether in male or female chickens （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. There were no sig- nificant difference in the contents of IMP and IMPc between hens and roosters （P〉 0.05）. The fresh degree of breast muscle and leg muscle was 96,11%-98.16% and 87.22%-93.07%, respectively. And the fresh degree of breast muscle was higher than that of leg muscle. In the three groups, the IMF content in leg muscle was significantly higher than that in breast muscle whether in male or female chickens （P〈0.05）. The contents of IMF in breast muscle and leg muscle were 0.36%-0.75% and 1.84%-2.38%, respectively. The iMP content in breast muscle of chickens in Bx J group was extremely significantly higher than that in breast muscle of chickens in JxJ group （P〈0.01）, but the contents of IMPc and iMF of breast muscle and leg muscle of the chickens in the three groups had no significant difference （P〉0.05）. [Conclusion] To sum up, the freshness and flavor significantly differ between the breast muscle and leg muscle of chickens, but show no significant difference among the three groups.

漫话“过关”

漫话“过关”缪俊杰每一个出过国、出过境，甚至去过“特区”的人，都经历过“验关”的手续，都会有或多或少“过关”或“闯关”的故事。他们或者为顺利“过关”而庆幸，或者为过关遇到麻烦而懊恼，或者为蒙混过关而得意，或者为冒险闯关而战栗……总之，“过关”是人们出...

Research on the Correlation between Meteorological Factors and Flue-cured Tobacco Chemical Components in Different Altitudes of Lincang Region

In this study, the relationship between major meteorological factors and tobacco chemical components in different altitudes of Yongde County, Lincang Region of Yunnan Province was studied using correlation analysis and path analysis methods.The results showed that there was a difference on meteorological factors in different altitudes, causing different impacts on chemical components of flue-cured tobacco; contents of nicotine and total nitrogen decreased with the rising of altitude, conversely, total sugar and reducing sugar contents increased with the rising trend of altitude, and the differences on the contents of potassium （K） and chlorine（CI）, and the ratio of K to CI in different altitudes were not significant, at the altitude of 1 250-1 450 m, each chemical component indicator was better. The correlation between main meteorological factors and conventional chemical components of tobacco leaves was as follows： contents of reducing sugar and total sugar increased with the increase of rainfall and relative humidity, and decreased with the increase of sunshine duration; nicotine content increased with the increase of accumulated temperature and sunshine duration; total nitrogen （N） content increased with the increase of daily mean temperature and accumulated temperature; sugar-alkali ratio increased with the increase of rainfall. Path analysis showed that the direct effect of sunshine duration on reducing sugar and total sugar of tobacco leaves was faint, but the indirect effect was obvious; meanwhile, the direct and indirect effects of it on nicotine and total N were the greatest.

Archaeoacoustics Analysis and Ceremonial Customs in an Ancient Hypogeum

The archeaoacoustic properties and the historical rituals of two ancient unaergrounu ~Ly~,u~ ~,~ v Malta is more widely known and researched; the second in Italy has been studied by SB Research Group （SBRG] and presents some similarities to the Maltese hypogeum. The results show that archaeoacoustics is an interesting new method for reanalyzing ancient sites, and it uses different study parameters to re-discover forgotten technology which operates on the human emotional sphere. The effect on the psyche of ancient people through the acoustic proprieties suggests that the builders of these sites had knowledge of this process and probably used it to enhance their rituals.

美国海天C—TPAT措施的法律分析

美国海关在防范和打击恐怖主义的形势下,推出了“海关——商界合作防范恐怖主义”措施。该措施旨在加快物流速度的同时,保证进入美国的货物的安全。它不仅大大地延伸了海关的影响力,还一定程度上“软性地”侵蚀了他国的主权。在短期内可能加重了商业机构的义务,但从长远来看,是一种双赢的局面。作为国际大环境的产物,它对我国也有一定的借鉴作用。

Numerical calculation of dispersion relation for linear internal waves

With the horizontal Coriolis terms included in motion equations and the influence of compressibility of seawater on Brunt-Vaeisiaelae frequency considered, a numerical method of calculating the dispersion relation for linear internal waves, which is an improvement of Cai and Gan （1995）, and hence Fliegel and Hunkins （1975）, had been set up. For different models （Pacific model, Atlantic model and Arctic model）, simulations using the three different methods were compared and the following conclusions were reached： （1） the influence of horizontal Coriolis terms on dispersion relation cannot be neglected and is connected with the direction of the wave celerity, the latitude, and the modes of the wave （2） the effect of compressibility of seawater in stratification is not an important factor for the dispersion relation of linear internal wave, at least for those three models, With the improved method, the wavefunction curves for the Pacific model had also been built.

Combined impact of the Pacific–Japan pattern and Mediterranean–northern Eurasia pattern on East Asian summer temperatures

The combined effect of the Pacific–Japan (PJ) pattern and Mediterranean–northern Eurasia (MnE) pattern on East Asian surface air temperature (SAT) during summer is investigated using the Japanese 55-year reanalysis and Climatic Research Unit SAT data over the period of 1958–2016. The results show that the combination of the two patterns in different phases can result in different SAT anomalies. During the in-phase PJ-MnE years, the overlapping of opposite signs of the atmospheric circulations associated with the PJ and MnE patterns results in weak atmospheric circulation and SAT anomalies in central East Asia;during these years, the significant SAT anomalies are over northern East Asia. In contrast, during the out-of-phase PJ-MnE years, the overlapping of the same signs of the atmospheric circulations associated with the PJ and MnE patterns leads to significant atmospheric circulation and SAT anomalies in central East Asia and northern Asia. The analysis in this study indicates that to better understand and predict the variability of East Asian summer SATs, the combined effect of the PJ and MnE patterns should be taken into account.

North Atlantic forcing of autumn drought in Southwest China

Drought often lasts long and is thus closely related to slowly varying external forcing such as sea surface temperature(SST).Here,based on observed precipitation and SST data along with NCEP-DOE reanalysis data,the possible impacts of North Atlantic SST on drought formation in Southwest China are investigated.Results show that northeast-southwest-orientated dipole SST anomalies in the mid-high latitudes of the North Atlantic are closely related to autumn drought in Southwest China;the linear correlation coefficient between them reaches 0.48 during 1979-2020,significant at the 0.001 level.The dipole SST anomalies trigger southeastward-propagating Rossby waves and induce barotropic cyclonic circulation anomalies over India and the western Tibetan Plateau.This enhances the upward motion in northern India and the western Tibetan Plateau and causes a compensating downdraft,reduced precipitation,and consequent drought formation in Southwest China.

Marine ciliate community in relation to eutrophication of coastal waters in the Yellow Sea

We assessed the potential of marine ciliate community as an indicator to coastal water quality using water samples collected from four stations in thc Yellow Sea in the summer 2000. The four stations were characterized by different levels of pollution. The ciliate communities consisted primarily of tintinnids and aloricate ciliates that were 〈30 um. A total of 78 species were classified： 55 species at Station 2, 51 species each at Stations l and 4, and 47 species at Station 3. The mean number of species at each site was 29.2±2.0 （Station 1）, 28.5±2.9 （Station 2）, 27.8±1.7 （Station 3）, and 24.5±2.3 （Station 4）. The abundance was highly variable： 19 331±11 187 ind./L at Station 1, 7 960±5 639 ind./L at Station 2, 29 015±12 999 ind./L at Station 3, and 8 190±4 658 ind./L at Station 4. Our results suggest that neither the simple chemical analysis （e.g. chemical oxygen demand, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, and phosphate） nor the eutrophication/pollution index adequately described the water quality at the four stations. The same was true of the number of species and their abundance, both of which had no correlation with the chemical indices. In contrast, Margalef＇s diversity index values （3.12 at Station 2, 2.89 at Station 1, and 2.64 at Stations 3 and 4） generally discriminated the water quality status of the four stations. The difference in water quality among the stations was strongly supported by the pattern of species richness （i.e. the total number of species） of ciliates at each station. Our evaluation was consistent with the results of long-term water quality monitoring at the four stations. With increasing eutrophication, we observed also a compositional and functional shift in the ciliate assemblages from algivorous oligotrich/choreotrich to nonselective-omnivorous gymnostomatids to bacterivorous-detrivorous scuticociliatids. Thus, eiliates may be used to indicate the coastal water quality status of a given site.

Factors controlling the latent and sensible heat FLuxes over Erhai Lake under different atmospheric surface layer stability conditions

The stratification of the atmospheric surface layer(ASL)plays an important role in regulating the water vapor and heat exchange across the lake–air interface.Based on one year of data measured by the eddy covariance technique over Erhai Lake in 2015,the ASL stability(ζ)was divided into six ranges,including unstable(-1ζ<-0:1),weakly unstable(-0:1ζ<-0:01),near-neutral1(-0:01ζ<0),near-neutral2(0ζ<0:01),weakly stable(0:01ζ<0:1),and stable(0:1ζ<1).The characteristics of ASL stability conditions and factors controlling the latent(LE)and sensible heat(H)fluxes under different stability conditions were analyzed in this study.The stability conditions of Erhai Lake have noticeably seasonal and diurnal variation,with the nearneutral and(weakly)stable stratification usually occurring before July,with frequencies of 51.7%and 23.3%,respectively,but most of the(weakly)unstable stratification was observed after July,with a frequency of 59.8%.Large evaporation occurred even in stable atmospheric conditions,due to the coupled effects of the relatively larger lake–air vapor pressure difference and wind speed.The relative controls of LE and H by different atmospheric variables are largely dependent on the stability conditions.In stable and unstable ranges,LE is closely correlated with the vapor pressure difference,whereas in weakly unstable to weakly stable ranges,it is primarily controlled by wind speed.H is related to wind speed and the lake–air temperature difference under stable conditions,but shows no obvious relationship under unstable conditions.

China introduces the 24-hour rule

Recently, international movement measures that may be causing tension between the of cargo had been the subject of increasing border control needs for security and the needs for trade facilitations. On the one hand customs authorities are charged with the responsibility for policing a country＇s borders, and consequently they need to have in place measures to ensure that only legitimate trade takes place and that this trade does not present security concerns. On the other hand we have the requirements of traders, who benefit from an environment of trade facilitation with speedy and efficient movement of cargo across international borders, with minimal bureaucratic intervention. This paper focuses on and provides early discussion and comments on the possible ramifications of the introduction of the 24-hour rule in China, effective for all exports and imports of sea freight container traffic since January 1, 2009. The new rules will have significant impact on the logistics flows of exporters and importers alike. Specifically, the reporting requirements timelines are likely to result in increased costs in cargo processing at wharves that traders will have to bear; place added pressure on storage facilities at wharves, or at container depots; and may additionally increase the amount of inventory buffer because of the timing of the data reporting requirements. The paper concludes that security needs have prevailed over trade facilitation considerations and that traders should urgently implement a review of existing practices to ensure they comply with the China Customs requirements, whilst simultaneously minimizing cost increases.

The Dynamic Model of Customs＇ Initial Trust Formation Mechanism Analysis in B2C

It has been widely believed that trust is the basis for on-line trading by both academia and practice. The process of f initial trust formation is a dynamic and repeated process. In the electric business environment, this work chose to research the first phase of the process, which is initial trust. The Writer established dynamic model of initial trust formation biased on theory of planned behavior with other theories, such as TAM and social exchange theory, after micro-analyzing this formation mechanism from. in order to confirming effectiveness of the dynamic model, the writer adopted empirical study, from which writer got an order of. From the result of empirical study, we got the strength order of main factors that can influence the establishment of initial trust.

Sea Surface Effects on Sound Scattering in the Persian Gulf Region Based on Empirical Relations

In this paper, sound scattering from the sea surface in the Persian Gulf region is investigated. Chapman-Harris and Ogden-Erskine empirical relations coupled with perturbation theory are implemented. Based on the Ogden and Erskine＇s experiments, sound scattering from the sea surface has three different regimes in which two mechanisms of surface roughness and subsurface bubble clouds are involved. Ogden-Erskine＇s scattering relation which consists of perturbation theory and Chapman-Harris＇s scattering terms are verified by the experimental data of Critical Sea Tests 7. Subsequently, wind speed in the Persian Gulf is provided based on three data bases of Arzanah station, ERA40, and PERGOS. Accordingly, surface scattering strength in the Persian Gulf region is calculated at different grazing angles, frequencies and provided wind speeds. Based on the resulted values of scattering strength, scattered intensity from the sea surface is also studied. These studies indicate that both scattering strength and scattered intensity generally increase as grazing angle, frequency and wind speed increase.

A dark October in Beijing 2016

In recent years, haze pollution events in Beijing have increased sharply, and the haze pollution of Beijing in October 2016 reached a new high. Meteorological conditions are thought to have influences on the haze occurrence, yet the associated atmospheric circulation of haze in October and why the most severe haze pollution occurred in 2016 is still unclear. Here, the authors show through daily observation and reanalysis data that key regions of North Atlantic and North Pacific sea surface temperature （SST） anomalies may be the main factors for this most severe haze event. Since 2013, the SSTs of these two key regions have increased dramatically and reached a peak, which could have induced the severe haze pollution by affecting the Eurasia teleconnection （EU） and the North Pacific Oscillation, with these factors then providing favorable dynamic and thermodynamic conditions for haze development.