海绵城市的理念与技术

指出了"海绵城市"理念的提出意味着我国一直以来完全依靠管道排放雨水的理念转变为优先考虑把有限的雨水留下来,优先考虑更多利用自然力量排水。从"海绵城市"提出的背景出发,介绍了城市排水理念的发展和演变,探讨了植草沟、下沉式绿地、绿色屋顶、雨水湿地四种"海绵体"技术。

关于加快北京市海绵城市建设对策思考

海绵城市建设核心是推行现代雨洪管理体系。北京市加快建设海绵城市应借鉴国内外成功经验,吸取相关教训。该文首先提出在宏观层面应加强组织领导,努力扭转建设理念,同时遵循生态优先、源头减排、过程控制和系统治理四大原则。其次在中观层面提出一是强化规划引领,加快"海绵体"建设;二是完善支持政策,发挥行业主管和财政部门作用;三是重视雨水控制利用小区建设;四是做好配套设施,提高"海绵体"规模和质量;五是创新运营模式,发挥市场和政府的不同作用。最后从微观角度,以莲花桥为例,提出解决北京城市内涝问题入口的改进方案。

Construction of a Metagenomic DNA Library of Sponge Symbionts and Screening of Antibacterial Metabolites

To study the bioactive metabolites produced by sponge-derived uncultured symbionts, a metagenomic DNA library of the symbionts of sponge Gelliodes gracilis was constructed. The average size of DNA inserts in the library was 20 kb. This library was screened for antibiotic activity using paper disc assaying. Two clones displayed the antibacterial activity against Micrococcus tetragenus. The metabolites of these two clones were analyzed through HPLC. The result showed that their metabolites were quite different from those of the host E. coli DNA and the host containing vector pHZ132. This study may present a new approach to exploring bioactive metabolites of sponge symbionts.

Isolation and Crystal Structure of 2-Bromoaldisin

The crystal structure of the title compound (C8H7BrN2O2, Mr=243.07) was isolated from the marine sponge Phacellia fusca Schmidt collected from the South China Sea. Its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal is orthorhombic with space group Pbca, a=12.9952(8), b=7.4479(5), c=18.598(1) ?, V=1800.1(2) ?3, Z=8, Dc=1.794g/cm3, (=0.71073 ?, ( (MoK()=4.533mm-1, F(000)=960. The structrue was refined to R=0.0349, wR(F2)=0.0925 for 1589 reflections with I > 2((I). X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the title compound has one five-membered pyrrole ring and one seven-membered azepin ring. There are two intermolecular hydrogen bonds between two molecules.

Sponge-type Composite Vegetation Carpet and Roof Greening Technology

Roof greening is crucial for improving urban eco-environment, showing benefits, ecological y or social y, but it is so hard for investors in terms of capitals or promotion. The research introduced sponge-type composite vegetation carpet techniques and constructionprocess, making a breakthrough in greening form and having formulated a new one.

Immediate Surgical Intervention for Penile Fracture: a Case Report and Literature Review

PENILE fracture is a critical urological emergency, which is caused by the rupture of the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum following blunt trauma to the erect penis. Traumatic injuries of the penis often occur in the erected state.1 Due to the possible embarrassment, this condition has been under- reported. Typically, the patient reports a snap or cracking sound accompanied by sharp pain and rapid penile detu- mescence, followed by immediate development of swelling and angulation.2 The common causes include direct injuries, forceful masturbation, or vigorous sexual intercourse.3 Most injuries to the penis need immediate surgical treatment. Here we report a case of penile fracture caused by traumatic injury.

Effect of reductant sodium bentonite content and reaction temperature in sponge iron production from composite pellets

In recent years,composite pellet production with added reductant has been developed instead of traditional iron production.Composite pellets produced by the addition of appropriate proportions of reductant produce sponge iron in the reductant melting process at high temperatures.The elements created in the structure by pellet production directly affect the quality of the product obtained by determining the chemical composition and the appropriate reaction temperature.In this study,sponge iron ore concentrate(scale)and reductant(coke coal dust and sodium bentonite)were mixed at certain proportions to produce composite pellet samples;the effects of addition rate of the reductant material of sodium bentonite(1 wt%−4 wt%)and variation in reaction temperature(900−1200℃)on the metallization and compressive strength properties of the produced composite pellet samples were investigated.The analysis results show that the highest compressive strength is obtained from pellet samples produced with 3%sodium bentonite at 1100℃.Additionally,SEM-EDS analysis results of the samples show that the morphologic structure has much lower porosity rates compared to samples produced under the other conditions which makes the samples denser and increases the metallization properties.

Sponge Effect on Coal Mine Methane Separation Based on Clathrate Hydrate Method

The findings were presented from laboratory investigations on the hydrate formation and dissociation processes employed to recover methane from coal mine gas.The separation process of coal mine methane(CMM) was carried out at 273.15K under 4.00 MPa.The key process variables of gas formation rate,gas volume stored in hydrate and separation concentration were closely investigated in twelve THF-SDS-sponge-gas systems to verify the sponge effect in these hydrate-based separation processes.The gas volume stored in hydrate is calculated based on the measured gas pressure.The CH4 mole fraction in hydrate phase is measured by gas chromatography to confirm the separation efficiency.Through close examination of the overall results,it was clearly verified that sponges with volumes of 40,60 and 80 cm 3 significantly increase gas hydrate formation rate and the gas volume stored in hydrate,and have little effect on the CH4 mole fraction in hydrate phase.The present study provides references for the application of the kinetic effect of porous sponge media in hydrate-based technology.This will contribute to CMM utilization and to benefit for local and global environment.

Expression of Recombinant Protein Bovine Prion pCIp264 in COS-7 Cells and Its Detection

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy （BSE） is thought to be caused by prions initially derived from sheep scrapie, and epidemiological studies suggest that new viriant form of CJD manifest in Great Britain may be caused by BSE prions. PrP^Sc is thought to pathogenic factor of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy （TSE）, which invariably involve a post-translational modification process of PrPc encoded by the host euchromosome PrP gene during the period it converted into the pathogenic form （PrP^Sc）, PrP is nomal cellular protein which has been found in both neuronal and nonneuronal tissues. Since the crucial infectious event in protein-transmitted diseases is an induced misfolding of prion proteins （PrP^c） catalyzed by already misfolded PrP^Sc, it is of high importance that such collisions are enhanced by two-dimensional diffusion in cell membranes is of high importance compared to three-dimensional diffusion in solution. The level of PrP mRNA in brain is higher than other tissue, but purification of PrPc from rodent has been difficult. To understand the formation of PrP^Sc, it seemed useful to develop a system for produced a large quantities of PrPc since there is no nature source of PrP^c. The pCI-neo mammalian expression vector contains the neomycin phosphtransferase gene which serves as a marker for the selection of stable transfected cells with G418. COS-7 cells constitutively express simian viruse 40 （SV40） T-antigen and support replication of expression plasmids containing the SV40 origin of replication, amplifying the introduced expression cassettes, now become important routine of expression a large number of heterologous gene products. In this paper, the authors used pCI-neo vector to construct a recombnant pCIp264 （cotains mPrP, N-signalpeptide and C-GPI anchor） plasmid to express it in the COS-7 cells and meanwhile detect the expression fusion using IN-ELISA, IN-IFA and western blot, and obtain some approximative nature PrPc.

Rat model of erectile dysfunction caused by cavernous nerve ablation

OBJECTIVE: To identify the rat cavernous nerve and establish a rat model of erectile dysfunction (ED) caused by injury of the cavernous nerve. METHODS: Twenty rats underwent dissections. Cavernous nerves were identified with the aid of an operating microscope and confirmed by electrical stimulation. Then, 42 experimental rats were randomized into 3 groups, including sham-operated controls and unilateral and bilateral cavernous nerve ablation groups. Three weeks after surgery, rat models were evaluated with the Apomorphine test. RESULTS: The major pelvic ganglion lies on either side of the dorsolateral lobes of the prostate.It includes 2 inflows, one called hypogastric nerve and the other, the pelvic nerve. The largest outflow is termed the cavernous nerve. Stimulus parameters which could induce obvious penile erection were 5 volts, a frequency of 20 Hertz and a duration of 5 milliseconds. Three weeks after surgery, apomorphine could induce penile erection of each rat in the controls with a mean of 2.57 +/- 1.40 erections in 30 minutes, while there were no erections (0.00 +/- 0.00) in either the unilateral or bilateral groups. CONCLUSIONS: The rat large ganglion and its cavernous nerve can be easily identified and it produces an obvious response to electrical stimulation. Rats are low cost animals to purchase, easy to house and very available making an ideal animal for developing an ED model caused by cavernous nerve injury. In addition, our study showed that in the early period of cavernous nerve ablation, unilateral and bilateral treated rats lost erectile capacity.

Regeneration of nNOS-containing nerve fibers in rat corpus cavernosum

Objective To investigate the effect of cavernous nerve injury on the nNOS containing nerve fibers in corpus cavernosum Methods Thirty three male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operated controls (n=5) underwent pelvic exploration without transection of the cavernous nerve; unilateral injury group (n=14) had their cavernous nerve cut on one side; and bilateral injury group (n=14) underwent neurotomy on both sides Corpora cavernosa were harvested at the 3rd week and 6th month after surgery nNOS positive nerve fibers were examined with streptavidin peroxidase immunohistochemistry techniques (SP method) Results After bilateral ablation, the nNOS positive nerve fibers were significantly decreased at the 3rd week (17±4) and remained so at the 6th month (16±4) For the unilateral injury group, the nNOS positive nerve fibers were similarly decreased on the side of the neurotomy at the 3rd week (18±6), but by the 6th month, the number increased significantly (61±9) and approximated the level on the contralateral side (81±13) Conclusion Following unilateral cavernous nerve ablation in rats, nNOS containing nerve fibers regenerate 6 months after surgery This regeneration process does not occur in animals with bilateral cavernous nerve injury, suggesting that during radical pelvic surgery, the cavernous nerve has to be preserved at least on one side in order to maintain the capacity for penile erection

Penile fracture and its treatment： Is retrograde urethrograghy necessary for management of penile fracture？

[Abstract] Objective： Penile fracture, being defined as rupture of the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum, is uncommon. Here, we analyze findings on our patients during a 10-year period and evaluate the role of retrograde urethrography. Methods： From February 2002 to April 2012, 116 patients were admitted with penile fracture at Ghaem Medical Center. Patient history and physical examination were taken at their admittance to detect probable urethral injury. Before surgery, retrograde urethrography was performed in all patients. The size and site of the tunical rupture were recorded. Then the rupture of tunica albuginea was sutured with nonabsorbable （3-0 nylon） sutures and the ties were placed on the internal surface （continuous method）. All patients were followed up for 12 months. Results： Patients＇ mean age was （32.78±10.61） years and ranged （16-62） years. The mechanism of trauma was sexual intercourse in 103 patients （89%） and masturbation in 13 patients （11%）. The most common site of injury found after exploration was right （55%） and lateral （74%） of the corpus cavernosum. The size of the tunical rupture was from 0.5 to 3.0 cm （mean 1.88±0.72）. Three of the patients had Marphan＇s syndrome. Urethral injury was detected by retrograde urethrography in 4 patients （3%） who had macroscopic hematuria and urethrorrhagia. During 12 months follow-up, no complication was seen. Conclusion： There is no need to perform retrograde urethrography unless the patients have gross hematuria or urethrorrhagia. The key to success in treatment of penile fracture is to achieve a rapid diagnosis based on history and a physical examination, avoid unnecessary imaging tests and perform immediate surgery to reconstruct the site of injury.

Changhsingian radiolarian fauna from Anshun of Guizhou,and its relationship to TOC and paleo-productivity

Abundant siliceous micro-fossils were found from the Dalong Formation,Xinmin section,Guizhou,which include nine species of radiolarians belonging to seven genera as well as nine types of siliceous spongy spicules.The radiolarian fauna consists of all spherical radiolarians,without any species of Albaillellaria and Latentifistularia,indicating a relative shallow water sedimentary environment.The high relative co-efficient between the radiolarian abundance and total organic carbon(TOC)shows that the radiolarian assemblage represented by Copicyntra and Paracopicyntra can be used as a proxy to the paleo-productivity.However,the relative co-efficient between biogenic silica and the radiolarian and sponge spicule abundances is low.A possible explanation is that an oceanic circulation has changed the biogenic silica content after radiolarian test and siliceous spongy spicule were dissolved.