This paper makes a detailed study on the Chinese learners' use of almost and nearly by comparing the evidence from CLEC, WECCL and LOB. The findings show there are some differences in the learners' and the nat...This paper makes a detailed study on the Chinese learners' use of almost and nearly by comparing the evidence from CLEC, WECCL and LOB. The findings show there are some differences in the learners' and the native speakers' use of the two commonly-used synonyms. Specifically, the Chinese learners (1) display an underuse of both almost and nearly in the overall frequency point of view; (2) tend to overuse, underuse and misuse some colligations; (3) use some inappropriate and atypical collocates; (4) get confused in some colligational and collocational patterns of almost and nearly. The discussions about the above differences reveal the learners' mother tongue interference and their confusion of the two synonyms may play important roles in these non-native uses. Some tentative suggestions are provided to English teaching and learning in China.展开更多
The main bottleneck of the reliability analysis of structures with aleatory and epistemic uncertainties is the contradiction between the accuracy requirement and computational efforts.Existing methods are either compu...The main bottleneck of the reliability analysis of structures with aleatory and epistemic uncertainties is the contradiction between the accuracy requirement and computational efforts.Existing methods are either computationally unaffordable or with limited application scope.Accordingly,a new technique for capturing the minimal and maximal point vectors instead of the extremum of the function is developed and thus a novel reliability analysis method for probabilistic and fuzzy mixed variables is proposed.The fuzziness propagation in the random reliability,which is the focus of the present study,is performed by the proposed method,in which the minimal and maximal point vectors of the structural random reliability with respect to fuzzy variables are calculated dimension by dimension based on the Chebyshev orthogonal polynomial approximation.First-Order,Second-Moment(FOSM)method which can be replaced by its counterparts is utilized to calculate the structural random reliability.Both the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are validated by numerical examples and engineering applications introduced in the paper.展开更多
文摘This paper makes a detailed study on the Chinese learners' use of almost and nearly by comparing the evidence from CLEC, WECCL and LOB. The findings show there are some differences in the learners' and the native speakers' use of the two commonly-used synonyms. Specifically, the Chinese learners (1) display an underuse of both almost and nearly in the overall frequency point of view; (2) tend to overuse, underuse and misuse some colligations; (3) use some inappropriate and atypical collocates; (4) get confused in some colligational and collocational patterns of almost and nearly. The discussions about the above differences reveal the learners' mother tongue interference and their confusion of the two synonyms may play important roles in these non-native uses. Some tentative suggestions are provided to English teaching and learning in China.
基金supported by the Defense Industrial Technology Development Program(Grant Nos.A2120110001 and B2120110011)‘111’Pro-ject(Grant No.B07009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.90816024)
文摘The main bottleneck of the reliability analysis of structures with aleatory and epistemic uncertainties is the contradiction between the accuracy requirement and computational efforts.Existing methods are either computationally unaffordable or with limited application scope.Accordingly,a new technique for capturing the minimal and maximal point vectors instead of the extremum of the function is developed and thus a novel reliability analysis method for probabilistic and fuzzy mixed variables is proposed.The fuzziness propagation in the random reliability,which is the focus of the present study,is performed by the proposed method,in which the minimal and maximal point vectors of the structural random reliability with respect to fuzzy variables are calculated dimension by dimension based on the Chebyshev orthogonal polynomial approximation.First-Order,Second-Moment(FOSM)method which can be replaced by its counterparts is utilized to calculate the structural random reliability.Both the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are validated by numerical examples and engineering applications introduced in the paper.
