青白江区“清白文化”特色品牌塑造与推广研究

清白文化是青白江区独特的廉政文化资源,应充分挖掘,塑造并推广这一特色文化品牌。文章立足青白江区"十三五"规划,从清白文化的内涵、历史传承、赵抃与青白江区的历史渊源入手,分析清白文化在青白江区"十三五"规划中塑造特色城市文化品牌的价值认识、良好基础和重要意义,提出"十三五"期间塑造和推广"清白文化"特色品牌的对策建议。

Interaction Between Gatifloxacin and Bovine Serum Albumin

Aim To study the reaction mechanism between gatifloxacin and bovine serumalbumin (BSA) at different pHs. Methods Fluorescence spectra and UV absorbance spectra were used.Results The binding constants were determined from a double reciprocal Lineweaver-Burk curves atdifferent pHs. The binding distance r under normal physiological condition was obtained according toFoster theory of non-radiative energy transfer. The binding force between gatifloxacin and BSA wasinferred by thermody-namical coordination. Conclusion The interaction between gatifloxacin and BSAseems to be strong and the main binding force is electrostatic force.

锦屏林区民间纠纷内部解决机制及与国家司法的呼应——解读《清水江文书》中清代民国的几类契约

从清朝到民国,随着黔东南清水江流域地区林业经济的发展,林区苗族侗族人民的权利意识开始增强。传统的村寨组织既要解决村寨社会复杂多样的纠纷,又要保持村寨社会人际关系和睦,从取向上看他们不想将每件纠纷都闹到官府,所以传统的内部纠纷调解机制所调整的范围还是相当大的。在林业经营和解决纠纷的实践中出现了"清白字""认错字""悔过字""合息""戒约"等多种类型的字据文书,其中一些文书是为一旦纠纷诉讼到官时提供证据而准备的。

Effect of Wheat Based Diet Supplemented with Xylanase on Blood Sugar and Total Protein in Serum of Geese

[Objective] The effects of wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase on blood sugar and total protein in serum of geese were studied. [ Method ] By using the randomized design of single factor, the 1-day-old healthy goslings were divided into 6 groups and fed with corn based diet, wheat based diet and wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase at different concentrations respectively, the contents of blood sugar and total protein in serum were determined. [ Result] The wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase could increase the blood sugar and total protein in serum of geese and wheat based diet supplemented with 0.2% xylanase generated the best effect, which was higher than those of corn based diet group. As for the concentration of protein in serum, wheat based diet supplemented with 0.2% xylanase was significantly different from corn based diet and wheat based diet. [ Conclusion] The wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase could enhance geese production.

Preparation of High Titer Et Immune Serum by Low-Aged Animals

[Objective] The study aimed to establish an approach to high titer Et immune serum preparation by low-aged Japanese rabbits. [Method] Antigen of Et was prepared at first, Japanese rabbits were taken as immunized animal, and divided into two groups for experiments, one is two-month-old group （T group）, and another is six-month-old group （S group）. Japanese rabbits were continuous by immunized with low-dose by using auricular intravenous method, then immune sera were collected. Immune serum antibody titer was determined with micro-agglutination reaction method. E Resultl Agglutination reaction showed that the Et serum titer of S group is higher than that of T group in the first testing with the same dose. But in the second testing, the serum titer of the T group and and the S group was consistent, [Conclusien] The animals in the T group （Japanese rabbits） were fewer months old, and produced high titer antiserum was which consistent with the S group, which indicated that the method of preparing of high titer Et immune serum by low-aged Japanese rabbits was feasible.

Effect of BSA on RAPD Analysis of Cynomorium songaricum

[Objective] The objective of the study was to study the role played by BSA in Random Amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD).[Method]The improvement of RAPD amplification was observed by adding BSA in the analysis of Cynomorium songaricum RAPD.[Result] The result showed that in the process of Cynomorium songaricum RAPD analysis,the effect of amplification improved significantly and the dosage of Taq enzyme declined by adding BSA.The suitable concentration of BSA used in RAPD of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr was 2 μg/μl.[Conclusion]It is feasible to add BSA to improve the RAPD analysis of plants.This study has provided foundation for the application of BSA in RAPD analysis.

Comparison of hydroxyl radical-scavenging abilities between white rot fungus Lentinula edodes and five mildews on lignocellulose substance

The hydroxyl radical（-OH）-scavenging ability of culture filtrates from submerged culture of Lentinula edodes AX3 and five mildews on lignocellulose substance was analysed. Only L. edodes AX3 showed significant -OH-scavenging ability which reached 52.2% at about the 48th hour. All mildews could hardly scavenge -OH under the experimental conditions. -OH-scavenging ability is considered related to the mode and ability of lignocellulose degradation of a strain. The degradation or bioconversion products might be the substance base for.this effect.

Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) Microspheres Containing Methotrexate (MTX) I.Pharmaceutical Aspects

Microspheres Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were produced by emulsion technique.Microsphere I was solidified by glutaraldehyde crosslinking,microsphere Ⅱ was solidified by glutaraldehyde crosslinking and further treated with glycine solution and microsphere Illwas solidified by heating denaturation only.The results showed that the microsphere diameter produced by cross[inking was bigger than that prepared by heating.The microsphere Ⅱ had higher hydrophilicity than Microsphere I had.The methotrexate (MTX) contents in microspheres Ⅰ and Ⅱ were 2.73±0.053%,2.87±0.119% respectively. microsphere Ⅲ was only blank microspheres with MTX adsorbed on their surfaces.In vitro release studies,microspheres I and I have maintained sustained release of MTX till the next day,it was found that the drug releases from microspheres Ⅰ and Ⅱ were governed by Higuchi diffusion law.

CysC、SAA和尿微量清蛋白在早期糖尿病肾病诊断中的应用

目的：探讨血清胱抑素 C（CysC）、淀粉样蛋白 A（SAA）和尿微量清蛋白（malb）联合检测在糖尿病肾病（DN）早期肾损伤诊断中的应用价值。方法收集112例糖尿病（DM）患者，根据尿微量清蛋白水平分为糖尿病无肾病组（malb＜25 mg／L）、早期糖尿病肾病组（malb 25～300 mg／L），选取50例体检健康者作为对照组。采用免疫比浊法检测血清 CysC 和尿 malb 水平，酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测血清 SAA 水平。同时检测血糖（GLU）、血肌酐（Cr）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）等生化指标。结果数据进行统计学分析，DM 患者2组 CysC、SAA、malb 水平均明显高于健康对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P ＜0.05），且随着肾损伤的加重而升高；DM 患者两组 GLU、HbA1C 与健康对照组比较，差异具有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。结论 DM 患者血清 CysC 与SAA 水平随着尿 malb 的增加而升高。血清 CysC、SAA 和 malb 联合检测可提高早期 DN 肾损伤的检出率。

Preliminary Study on the Separation of Lysozyme,Ovotransferrin and Ovalbumin from Egg White

[Objective] A study on separation process of lysozyme, ovotransferrin and ovalbumin from egg white. [Method] The proteins were separated by ammonium sul-fates and ion-exchange chromatography. Purity of the proteins was assayed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE）. [Result] The results showed that the proteins were electrophoresis-pure. The specific activity of lysozyme was increased from 144.13 to 2 235 U/mg, and purification factor was 15-fold. Lysozyme recovery rate was estimated to be 15.76%. Bacteriostasis rate of ovotransferrin was 48.84%. [Conclusion] The procedure for separating lysozyme, ovotransferrin and ovalbumin from egg white was simple, fast, low-cost and suitable for industrilization.

Synthesis and Adsorption Study of BSA Surface Imprinted Polymer on CdS Quantum Dots

A new bovine serum albumin （BSA） surface imprinting method was developed by the incorporation of quantum dots （QDs） into molecularly imprinted polymers （MIP）, which can offer shape selectivity. Preparation and adsorption conditions were optimized. Physical appearance of the QDs and QDs-MIP particles was illustrated by scanning electron microscope images. Photoluminescence emission of CdS was quenched when rebinding of the template.The quenching of photoluminescence emissions is presumably due to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer between quantum dots and BSA template molecules. The adsorption is compiled with Langmuir isotherm, and chemical adsorption is the rate-controlling step.The maximum adsorption capacity could reach 226.0 mg/g, which is 142.4 mg/g larger than that of undoped BSA MIP. This study demonstrates the validity of QDs coupled with MIP technology for analyzing BSA.

Identification of serum proteins discriminating colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls using surface-enhanced laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry

AIM： To detect the new serum biomarkers for colorectal cancer （CRC） by serum protein profiling with surfaceenhanced laser desorption ionisation - time of flight mass spectrometry （SELDI-TOF MS）. METHODS： Two independent serum sample sets were analysed separately with the ProteinChip technology （set A： 40 CRC ＋ 49 healthy controls; set B： 37 CRC ＋ 31 healthy controls）, using chips with a weak cation exchange moiety and buffer pH 5. Discriminative power of differentially expressed proteins was assessed with a classification tree algorithm. Sensitivities and specificities of the generated classification trees were obtained by blindly applying data from set A to the generated trees from set B and vice versa. CRC serum protein profiles were also compared with those from breast, ovarian, prostate, and non-small cell lung cancer. RESULTS： Mass-to-charge ratios （m/z） 3.1×10^3, 3.3× 10^3, 4.5×10^3, 6.6×10^3 and 28×10^3 were used as classitiers in the best-performing classification trees. Tree sensitivities and specificities were between 65% and 90%.Host of these discriminative m/z values were also different in the other tumour types investigated. M/z 3.3× 10^3, main classifier in most trees, was a doubly charged form of the 6.6× 10^3-Da protein. The latter was identified as apolipoprotein C-I. M/z 3.1×10^3 was identified as an N-terminal fragment of albumin, and m/z 28× 10^3 as apolipoprotein A-I. CONCLUSION： SELDI-TOF MS followed by classification tree pattern analysis is a suitable technique for finding new serum markers for CRC. Biomarkers can be identified and reproducibly detected in independent sample sets with high sensitivities and specificities. Although not specific for CRC, these biomarkers have a potential role in disease and treatment monitoring.

Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and its relation with antiHBc

AIM： To investigate the relationship between serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor （sIL-2R） level and anti-HBc in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection. METHODS： Sera from 100 patients with chronic HBV infection and 30 healthy controls were included in this study. The patients were divided into group A [HBsAg （＋）, HBeAg （＋） and anti-HBc （＋）, n = 50] and group B [HBsAg （＋）, HBeAg （＋） and anti-HBc （-）, n = 50]. sIL-2R levels were determined using ELISA. HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase （ALT） were also detected. RESULTS： Serum sIL-2R levels were significantly higher in patients with chronic HBV infection than in healthy controls. Moreover, serum sIL-2R levels were significantly higher in patients with HBsAg （＋）, HBeAg （＋） and antiHBc （＋） （976.56±213.51×10^3 U/L） than in patients with HBsAg （＋）, HBeAg （＋） and anti-HBc （-） （393.41±189.54 ×10^3 U/L, P〈 0.01）. A significant relationship was found between serum sIL-2R and ALT levels （P〈 0.01） in patients with chronic HBV infection, but there was no correlation between sIL-2R and HBV DNA levels. The anti-HBc status was significantly related to the age of patients （P〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： The high sIL-2R level is related to positive anti-HBc in chronic hepatitis B patients. Positive anti-HBc may be related to T-lymphocyte activation and negative anti-HBc may imply immune tolerance in these patients.

Uptake of albumin nanoparticle surface modified with glycyrrhizin by primary cultured rat hepatocytes

AIM: To investigate the uptake difference between bovine serum albumin nanoparticle (BSA-NP) and bovine serum albumin nanoparticles with their surface modified byglycyrrhizin (BSA-NP-GL) and to develop a novel hepatocyte targeting BSA-NP-GL based on active targeting technology mediated by specific binding site of GL on rat cellular membrane. METHODS: Calcein loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (Cal-BSA-NP) were prepared by desolvation process. Glycyrrhizin was conjugated to the surface reactive amino groups (SRAG) of Cal-BSA-NP by sodium periodate oxidization, which resulted in calcein-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles with their surface modified by glycyrrhizin (Cal-BSA-NP-GL). The morphology of the two types of prepared nanoparticles (NP) was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The diameter of NP was measured with a laser particle size analyzer. The interaction between Cal-BSA-NP-GL and primary cultured hepatocytes was studied through cellular uptake experiments. The uptake amount of Cal-BSA-NPGL and Cal-BSA-NP by rat hepatocytes was determinedby fluorospectrophotometry. Uptake characteristics were investigated through experiments of competitive inhibition of specific binding site of GL. RESULTS: Both Cal-BSA-NP-GL and Cal-BSA-NP had regular spherical surfaces. The average diameter of CalBSA-NP-GL and Cal-BSA-NP was 77 and 79 nm respectively. The uptake amount of the two NP by hepatocytes reached its maximum at 2 h after incubation. The uptake amount of Cal-BSA-NP-GL by rat hepatocytes was 4.43-fold higher than that of Cal-BSA-NP. There was a significant difference in the uptake of Cal-BSA-NP-GL and Cal-BSA-NP by hepatocytes (P＜0.01). The uptake of Cal-BSA-NP-GL was inhibited when GL was added previously to isolated rat hepatocytes, and the uptake of Cal-BSA-NP was not affected by GL.CONCLUSION: A binding site of GL is present on the surface of rat hepatocytes, BSA-NP-GL may be internalized via this site by hepatocytes and can be used as a drug carrier for active targeting of delivery drugs to hepatocytes.

Intrahepatic transplantation of hepatic oval cells for fulminant hepatic failure in rats

AIM： To evaluate the effect of intrahepatic transplantation of hepatic oval cells （HOC） on fulminant hepatic failure （FHF） in rats.METHODS： HOC obtained from rats were labeled with green fluocescent protein （GFP） or 5, 6- carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinmidyl ester （CFDASE）. Cell fluorescence was observed under fluorescent microscope at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after labeling. CFDA- SE labeled HOC （5 × 10^6 cells each rat） were injected into livers of rats with FHF induced by D-galactosamine. Serum albumin （ALB）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST） and total bilirubin （TBil） levels were measured at different time points. Liver function of rats was examined on days 3, 7, 14 and 21 after HOC transplantation.RESULTS： The positive rate of GFP and CFDA-SE labeled HOC was 10% and 90%, respectively, with no significant change in cell viabilities. The survival rate was higher in HOC transplantation group than in control group, especially 48 （9/15 vs 6/15） and 72 h （9/15 vs 4/15） after HOC transplantation. The serum ALT, AST and TBil levels were decreased while the serum AIb level was increased after HOC transplantation. Fluorescence became faded and diffused in liver tissues, suggesting that proliferation and differentiation occur in transplanted HOC.CONCLUSION： CFDA-SE is superior to GFP in labeling HOC, although fluorescence intensity is decreased progressively with cell division. HOC transplantation can improve the liver function and increase the survival rate of recipients.

Improvement of HydrophUicity and Blood Compatibility on Polyethersulfone Membrane by Blending Sulfonated Polyethersulfone

Polyethersulfone(PES) is widely used as biomaterials due to its thermal stability,mechanical strength,and chemical inertness.Nevertheless,their blood compatibility is still not adequate for hemodialysis and blood purification.In this study,the sulfonated polyethersulfone(SPES) was synthesized through an electrophilic substitution reaction,and PES/SPES blending membranes were prepared.The characterization of the SPES was studied by FTIR.The water adsorption and water contact angle experiments show that the hydrophilicity of PES/SPES blend membrane was improved as for the sulfonate group existing in the SPES.Moreover,PES/SPES blend membrane could effectively reduce bovine serum albumin adsorption and prolong the blood coagulation time compared with the PES membrane,thereby improving blood compatibility.

Effect of Pore-size of Mesoporous SBA-15 on Adsorption of Bovine Serum Albumin and Lysozyme Protein

In this paper,the effects of pore-size of SBA-15 on the adsorption kinetics and equilibrium of large protein molecules Bovine serum albumin(BSA)and lysozyme(LYS)have been investigated.The mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 with six different pore sizes were synthesized with P123 triblock copolymer as the template agent,and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene(TMB)and isopropyl alcohol as the pore-expanding agent.The samples were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption,Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM),Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM)and X-Ray Diffraction(XRD).It is found that BSA and LYS were adsorbed rapidly on SBA-15 materials with large pores.The BSA adsorption capacity of sieve with the pore diameter of 21.4 nm reached 500 mg·g-1 within 25 minutes.However,if the pore diameter was smaller than 14 nm,the BSA adsorption capacity of the sieve was only about 220 mg·g-1.The adsorption equilibrium data fits in the Langmuir model,where the coefficient of effective use of specific area of mesoporous molecular sieve was found to be 0.03,0.18,0.37 and 0.48,corresponding to the pore diameter of 10.1 nm,13.2 nm,15.4 nm and 21.4 nm,respectively.The equilibrium loading amount of LYS on SBA-15 materials with pore size of 15.4 nm could be up to 1000 mg·g-1.The coefficient of effective use of surface area of mesoporous molecular sieve with diameter of 3.9 nm,7.4 nm,10.1 nm,13.2 nm and 15.4 nm was 0.10,0.47,0.56,0.71 and 0.79,respectively.It is also noted that greater pore size of mesoporous molecular sieve would lead to a higher coefficient of effective use of surface area.

Pre-operative hypoalbuminemia is a major risk factor for postoperative complications following rectal cancer surgery

AIM:To determine the relationship between pre-operative hypoalbuminemia and the development of complications following rectal cancer surgery, as well as postoperative bowel function and hospital stay. METHODS:The medical records of 244 patients undergoing elective oncological resection for rectal adenocarcinoma at Siriraj Hospital during 2003 and 2006 were reviewed. The patients had pre-operative serum albumin assessment. Albumin less than 35 g/L was recognized as hypoalbuminemia. Postoperative outcomes, including mortality, complications, time to first bowel movement, time to first defecation, time to resumption of normal diet and length of hospital stay, were analyzed. RESULTS:The patients were 139 males (57%) and 105 females (43%) with mean age of 62 years. Fifty-six patients (23%) had hypoalbuminemia. Hypoalbuminemic patients had a significantly larger tumor size and lower body mass index compared with non-hypoalbuminemic patients (5.5 vs 4.3 cm;P < 0.001 and 21.9 vs 23.2 kg/m2;P = 0.02, respectively). Thirty day postoperative mortality was 1.2%. Overall complication rate was 25%. Hypoalbuminemic patients had a significantly higher rate of postoperative complications (37.5% vs 21.3%;P = 0.014). In univariate analysis, hypoalbuminemia and ASA status were two risk factors for postoperative complications. In multivariate analysis, hypoalbuminemia was the only significant risk factor (odds ratio 2.22,95% CI 1.17-4.23;P < 0.015). Hospitalization in hypoalbuminemic patients was significantly longer than that in non-hypoalbuminemic patients (13 vs 10 d, P = 0.034), but the parameters of postoperative bowel function were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION:Pre-operative hypoalbuminemia is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications following rectal cancer surgery.

Role of the receptor for advanced glycation end products in hepatic fibrosis

AIM： To study the role of advanced glycation end products （AGE） and their specific receptor （RAGE） in the pathogenesis of liver fibrogenesis. METHODS： In vitro RAGE expression and extracellular matrix-related gene expression in both rat and human hepatic stellate cells （HSC） were measured after stimulation with the two RAGE ligands, advanced glycation end product-bovine serum albumin （AGE- BSA） and N＇-（carboxymethyl） lysine （CML）-BSA, or with tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）. In vivo RAGE expression was examined in models of hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation or thioacetamide. The effects of AGE-BSA and CML-BSA on HSC proliferation, signal transduction and profibrogenic gene expression were studied in vitro. RESULTS： In hepatic fibrosis, RAGE expression was enhanced in activated HSC, and also in endothelial cells, inflammatory cells and activated bile duct epithelia. HSC expressed RAGE which was upregulated after stimulation with AGE-BSA, CML-BSA, and TNF-α.RAGE stimulation with AGE-BSA and CML-BSA did not alter HSC proliferation, apoptosis, fibrogenic signal transduction and fibrosis- or fibrolysis-related gene expression, except for marginal upregulation of procollagen α1（ I ） mRNA by AGE-BSA. CONCLUSION： Despite upregulation of RAGE in activated HSC, RAGE stimulation by AGE does not alter their fibrogenic activation. Therefore, RAGE does not contribute directly to hepatic fibrogenesis.